Ndingo ya Tower of London

Edzisani maitele a tshipikwa nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku: pulanani hu tshee nga phanḓa, ni kone u fhungisa. Ndi minete i ṱoḓaho u vha 5, ndi mahala, a hu ṱoḓei u ḓiṅwalisa.

Nga tshigwada tsha HelibrainZwo sedzwa nga Robert(Luisimane), mugudiswa wa PhD kha biophysicsZwo gandiswa nga Zwo sedzwa lwa u fhedzisela nga

Zwine uyu mutambo wa zwi kala

Tower of London ndi thaidzo ya u pulana ya kale i bvaho kha ṱhoḓisiso ya saikholodzhi. Ni sudzulusa bola dza mivhala vhukati ha mapfumo mararu a vhulapfu ho fhambanaho uri dzi edzise maitele a tshipikwa nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku. Zwi sumbedza uri ni kona hani u humbula zwiṱuku hu tshee nga phanḓa ni sa athu u ita [1].

Mudzudzanyi wa muhumbulo Tim Shallice o vhona mushumo uyu nga 1982 u itela u guda nga ha u pulana [1]. Thaidzo iṅwe na iṅwe i na tshivhalo tshiṱuku tsha zwifhungwaho tshi ṱoḓeaho, nahone mushumo u rekhoda arali no swikelela tshipikwa nga tshenetsho tshivhalo, uri no ṱoḓa zwifhungwaho zwa u engedza zwingana, na uri no humbula tshifhinga tshi ngafhani ni sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma. U fana zwiṱuku na Tower of Hanoi, fhedzi milayo na thaidzo zwo fhambana.

Tshivhalo tsha zwifhungwaho a si tshone tshithu tshiṱuku fhedzi tshi itaho uri thaidzo i konḓe. Thaidzo dzine tshipikwa tsha dzi sia dzi na nḓila dzo fhambanaho dza u tevhekanya zwifhungwaho, kana dzine ni thoma nga u bvisa bola nḓilani, dzi dzhiela vhathu tshifhinga tshilapfu u dzi pulana, naho tshivhalo tsha zwifhungwaho tshi tshi fana [2][3][4].

Mutambo u shuma hani

  • Mapfumo mararu a fara bola 3, 2 na 1. Sudzulusani bola nthihi nga tshifhinga: hu nga sudzuluswa bola ya nṱha fhedzi, nahone ni songo vhea kha pfumo ḽo ḓalaho.
  • Thaidzo iṅwe na iṅwe i sumbedza tshipikwa na tshivhalo tshiṱuku tsha zwifhungwaho tshi tshi konadzea. Edzisani tshipikwa nga tshenetsho tshivhalo uri ni u kunda nga nḓila yo fhelelaho.
  • Thaidzo 16, u bva kha zwifhungwaho 2 u swika 6, dzi tshi khou konḓa nga zwiṱuku. Iṅwe na iṅwe i fhela nga murahu ha sekonde 60 kana zwifhungwaho 20.
  • Kwameledzani bola, ni kone u kwameledza pfumo ḽine na ṱoḓa u i vhea khaḽo, kana ni i kokodze. Kha khiibodo, kheyi 1, 2 na 3 dzi shumiswa u imisa na u vhea bola.
  • Hu thoma thaidzo pfufhi ya nḓowenḓowe (ni nga i pfukisa). Kha mutambo muṅwe na muṅwe bola dzi fhiwa mivhala miswa, uri u lingedza lwa vhuvhili hu vhonale u nga ndi muswa fhedzi thaidzo i kha ḓi konḓa u fana.

Ro ita sethe yashu ya thaidzo. Ṱhoḓisiso ya khomphyutha kha vhuimo hoṱhe ha 36 ha bola yo khwaṱhisedza uri tshivhalo tshiṱuku tsha zwifhungwaho kha thaidzo iṅwe na iṅwe ndi tshone-ṋene, nahone u bva kha zwifhungwaho 3 u ya nṱha, thaidzo iṅwe na iṅwe i na thandululo nthihi fhedzi ya zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku. Zwipikwa zwi ṱanganyisa maitele mararu ane vhaṱoḓisisi vha a shandukisa: bola dzoṱhe kha pfumo ḽithihi, mbili na nthihi, na bola nthihi kha pfumo ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe [2].

U vhala hani mvelelo yaṋu

  • No kunda nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku: ndi mvelelo yaṋu khulwane, tshivhalo tsha thaidzo dze na dzi kunda nga nḓila yo fhelelaho.
  • Zwifhungwaho zwa u engedza: zwifhungwaho zwi fhiraho zwiṱuku, kha thaidzo dze na dzi kunda.
  • U humbula ni sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma: tshifhinga tshe na sedza ngatsho ni sa athu u kwama bola. Vhaṱoḓisisi vha tshi vhidza tshifhinga tsha u pulana mathomoni.
  • Nḓila ye na kunda ngayo: tshipiḓa tsha tshifhinga tshaṋu tshe na tshi fhedza ni tshi khou pulana ni sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma kha thaidzo dzi konḓaho. Tshipiḓa tshihulwane tshi amba uri no thoma no pulana tshipiḓa tshihulwane tsha thandululo muhumbuloni.

Kha ṱhoḓisiso nthihi ya vhathu vhahulwane vha 179, vhe vha fhedzaho tshipiḓa tshihulwane tsha tshifhinga tshavho vha tshi khou pulana vha sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma, vho vha vha tshi anzela u kunda thaidzo nnzhi nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku [5]. U vhudza vhathu uri vha thome vha pulane zwo thusa kha ṱhoḓisiso nthihi [6], fhedzi a zwo ngo thusa kha iṅwe, he vhathu vha pulana tshifhinga tshilapfu vha sa khou khwinisa u fhungisa [7]. Ngauralo dzhiani “nḓila ye na kunda ngayo” sa ṱhaluso ya uno mutambo, hu si sa mulayo.

Musi vhathu vho linganaho vho no tamba, mvelelo yaṋu i dovha ya sumbedza uri ni ngafhi musi ni tshi vhambedzwa na vhaṅwe vhane vha tamba mutambo uyu, nga tshigwada: nga fhasi ha zwo ḓoweleaho, zwo ḓoweleaho kana nga nṱha ha zwo ḓoweleaho. Ndi tshigwada, a si fhethu ho teaho ngauri mutambo muthihi wa mushumo uyu u sumbedza nga u angaredza fhedzi nḓila ine na pulana ngayo (sedzani afho fhasi). Vhaṅwe vhatambi ndi vhavhoni vha uno mutambo, a si tsumbo i imelaho vhathu vhoṱhe.

Mvelelo yo ḓoweleaho ndi ifhio?

A hu na mvelelo dzo ḓoweleaho dza holu lushaka. Kha lushaka lwa ṱhoḓisiso lu re na thaidzo dzi konḓaho dza 24 (zwifhungwaho 4 u ya kha 6), vhathu vhaṱuku vho kunda nga avhareji thaidzo dzi ṱoḓaho u vha 17 kha 24 nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku, ngeno vhathu vhahulwane vha miṅwaha ya 61 u swika 77 vha tshi kunda dzi ṱoḓaho u vha 13 [8]. Thaidzo dzashu, mikano ya tshifhinga na zwikirini zwo fhambana, ngauralo nomboro idzi ndi mafhungo a u pfesesa, a si zwilinganyo zwa u dzhiela khothe.

Zwine uyu mutambo wa nga ni vhudza na zwine wa sa nga ni vhudza

Tower of London i shumiswa kha ṱhoḓisiso ya u pulana na kha u linga zwa vhulwadze, fhedzi hei ndi siaṱari ḽa mutambo, a si ndingo ya zwa vhulwadze. A i kali vhuṱali, nahone mutambo muthihi u sumbedza vhuimo ha tshifhinganyana: u neta na tshishumiswa tshine na khou shumisa zwi shandula nḓila ine na ita ngayo.

Kha ṱhoḓisiso ya vhathu vhaṱuku vha 79 vhe vha ita Tower of London ya khomphyutha luvhili, nga u fhambana ha vhege mbili, mvelelo dzavho dza zwifhungwaho dzo tendelana zwiṱuku fhedzi kha maḓuvha eneo mavhili (vhushaka ha 0.15), ngeno vha tshi khou ṱavhanya u kunda [9]. Ngauralo dzhiani mvelelo nthihi sa tsivhudzo ya u angaredza, ni sedze u lingedza hunzhi nga maḓuvha o fhambanaho u fhirisa u sedza nomboro nthihi.

Mbudziso dzine dza anzela u vhudziswa

Ndingo ya Tower of London i kala mini?

I kala u pulana: u dzudzanya mutevhe wa zwifhungwaho muhumbuloni ni sa athu u zwi ita. Mvelelo khulwane ndi tshivhalo tsha thaidzo dzine na dzi kunda nga zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku. Vhaṱoḓisisi vha dovha vha sedza tshifhinga tshine vhathu vha tshi fhedza vha tshi khou humbula vha sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma na tshivhalo tsha zwifhungwaho zwa u engedza [1][5].

Tower of London yo fana na Tower of Hanoi?

Hai. Zwoṱhe zwi sudzulusa zwipiḓa vhukati ha mapfumo mararu, fhedzi kha Tower of Hanoi ni sudzulusa thulwi ya tshidisku tshine tsha sa lingane nga vhuhulwane nahone a ni tei u vhea tshidisku tshihulwane nṱha ha tshiṱuku. Kha Tower of London bola dzi na vhuhulwane vhu fanaho, mapfumo a fara bola dzo fhambanaho nga tshivhalo, nahone thaidzo iṅwe na iṅwe i na maitele a tshipikwa tshayo.

Zwi khwine u thoma nga u pulana kana u lingedza zwifhungwaho?

Kha vhathu nga u angaredza, vhane vha fhedza tshipiḓa tshihulwane tsha tshifhinga tshavho vha tshi khou pulana vha sa athu u fhungisa lwa u thoma vha anzela u ita zwifhungwaho zwiṱuku zwa u engedza [5]. Fhedzi u vhudzwa uri ni pulane tshifhinga tshilapfu a zwi dzuli zwi tshi thusa [7]. Lingedzani nḓila dzoṱhe mbili ni vhone ine ya ni thusa.

Ndingo ya Tower of London ya Helibrain ndi ya mahala?

Ee. Mutambo na mvelelo yaṋu yoṱhe ndi zwa mahala: a hu na u ḓiṅwalisa, imeili kana mbadelo. Helibrain i wana tshelede kha app yayo, ine ni sa i ṱoḓi u itela uyu mutambo.

Ndingo dzi elanaho

Vhona ndingo dzoṱhe dza muhumbulo dza mahala dza 43

Ni khou ṱoḓa u ita izwi ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe? App ya Helibrain (zwino i wanala nga Luisimane fhedzi) i na pulane ya mahala na dziṅwe pulane dzi badelwaho.

Bulani siaṱari iḽi: Ndingo ya Tower of London. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ve/tower-of-london-test. CC BY 4.0.

How this test works

This puzzle measures planning: thinking a few moves ahead before you act. Three pegs hold 3, 2 and 1 balls. Move one ball at a time to copy the goal picture in as few moves as possible. There are 16 problems that need 2 to 6 moves, and each one shows its fewest moves. Your main score is how many problems you solve in exactly the fewest moves. The neuropsychologist Tim Shallice designed this puzzle in 1982.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tower of London test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tower-of-london-test/methods

Full method →

Zwiko

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Nḓila ye ra ita ngayo heḽi siaṱari: ḽo ṅwalwa nga tshigwada tsha Helibrain hu tshi shumiswa ṱhoḓisiso dzo bulwaho afho nṱha, nahone ḽa sedzwa nga Robert(Luisimane) (mugudiswa wa PhD kha biophysics) nga 11/4/2026. Ri ḽi vusuludza musi vhubvo ha mafhungo vhu tshi shanduka.