Nnwale Tower of London

Mee ka nhazi ahụ yie nke e nyere iwu jiri mmegharị ole na ole: buru ụzọ hazie atụmatụ, mesịa bugharịa. Ihe dị ka nkeji 5, efu, enweghị ndebanye aha.

Site n'aka ndị otu HelibrainOnye nyochara ya bụ Robert(Bekee), onye na-aga PhD na biophysicsE bipụtara ya Oge ikpeazụ e nyochara ya:

Ihe egwuregwu a na-atụ

Tower of London bụ egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya ama ama banyere ịhazi atụmatụ, nke sitere na nnyocha akparamàgwà mmadụ. Ị na-ebufe bọọlụ nwere agba n'etiti mkpọ osisi atọ dị elu dị iche iche iji mee ka ha yie nhazi ebumnuche n'ime mmegharị ole na ole. Ọ na-egosi otú i si eche ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ n'ihu tupu ime ihe [1].

Ọkachamara akwara na akparamàgwà mmadụ Tim Shallice haziri ọrụ a na 1982 iji mụọ ịhazi atụmatụ [1]. Nsogbu nke ọ bụla nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị kacha nta, ọrụ a na-edekwa ma ị ruru ebumnuche ahụ n'ọnụọgụ ahụ, mmegharị ole ọzọ i ji mee, na ogologo oge i chegharịrị tupu mmegharị mbụ gị. Ọ dịtụ ka Tower of Hanoi, ma iwu na nsogbu ya dị iche.

Ọ bụghị naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị na-eme ka nsogbu sie ike. Nsogbu ebe ebumnuche anaghị ekpebi usoro mmegharị ahụ, ma ọ bụ ebe mbụ ị ga-ewepụ bọọlụ n'ụzọ, na-ewe ndị mmadụ ogologo oge ịhazi atụmatụ, ọ bụrụgodị na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị ahụ bụ otu [2][3][4].

Otú egwuregwu ahụ si arụ ọrụ

  • Mkpọ osisi atọ na-ejide bọọlụ 3, 2 na 1. Bugharịa otu bọọlụ n'otu oge: naanị bọọlụ dị n'elu ka a pụrụ ibugharị, e kwesịghịkwa itinye ya n'elu mkpọ juru eju.
  • Nsogbu nke ọ bụla na-egosi ebumnuche na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị kacha nta a ga-eji nweta ya. Mee ka ihe ahụ yie ebumnuche n'ime mmegharị ole ahụ ka i wee nweta ngwọta zuru oke.
  • Nsogbu 16, site na mmegharị 2 ruo 6, nke na-esiwanye ike. Otu nke ọ bụla na-akwụsị mgbe sekọnd 60 gachara ma ọ bụ mgbe mmegharị 20 gasịrị.
  • Pịa bọọlụ, mesịa pịa mkpọ osisi ịchọrọ itinye ya, ma ọ bụ dọrọ ya. Na kiiboodu, mkpịsị 1, 2 na 3 na-ebuli ma na-edobe bọọlụ.
  • Nsogbu omume dị mkpirikpi na-abịa ụzọ (ị nwere ike ịwụli ya). Oge ọ bụla ị malitere, a na-enye bọọlụ agba ọhụrụ, ya mere mgbe ị nwara ọzọ ọ na-adị ka ihe ọhụrụ, ma ọ ka bụ otu ihe isi ike.

Anyị mepụtara nsogbu nke anyị. Nnyocha kọmputa nyochara ọnọdụ bọọlụ 36 niile iji chọpụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmegharị kacha nta nke nsogbu nke ọ bụla ziri ezi, nakwa na site na mmegharị 3 gbagoo, nsogbu nke ọ bụla nwere naanị otu ngwọta kacha dị mkpirikpi. Ebumnuche ndị ahụ jikọtara ụdị atọ ndị ndị nchọpụta na-agbanwe agbanwe: bọọlụ niile n'otu mkpọ osisi, abụọ n'otu na otu iche, na otu bọọlụ n'otu mkpọ osisi [2].

Otu esi aghọta akara gị

  • E doziri n'ime mmegharị kacha nta: akara gị bụ isi, ya bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nsogbu i doziri nke ọma.
  • Mmegharị agbakwunyere: mmegharị karịrị nke kacha nta, n'ime nsogbu ndị i doziri.
  • Iche echiche tupu mmegharị mbụ: ogologo oge i leruru anya tupu imetụ bọọlụ aka. Ndị nchọpụta na-akpọ nke a oge ịhazi atụmatụ na mbụ.
  • Otu i siri dozie: akụkụ nke oge gị nọrọ tupu mmegharị mbụ n'ime nsogbu ndị siri ike karị. Akụkụ ka ukwuu pụtara na i buru ụzọ hazie ọtụtụ ihe ngwọta ahụ n'uche.

N'otu nnyocha e mere ndị okenye 179, ndị ji akụkụ ka ukwuu nke oge ha hazie atụmatụ tupu mmegharị mbụ na-enwekarị ike idozi ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ime mmegharị kacha nta [5]. Ịgwa ndị mmadụ ka ha buru ụzọ hazie atụmatụ nyere aka n'otu nnyocha [6], ma o nyeghị aka n'ọzọ, ebe ndị mmadụ haziri atụmatụ ogologo oge ma ha emeghị nke ọma n'ịkwagharị [7]. Ya mere, were “otu i siri dozie” dị ka nkọwa nke oge egwuregwu a, ọ bụghị iwu.

Mgbe mmadụ zuru ezu gwuchara, nsonaazụ gị ga-egosikwa ọnọdụ gị n'etiti ndị ọzọ gwuru egwuregwu a, dịka otu ọkwa: n'okpuru nke a na-ahụkarị, nke a na-ahụkarị, ma ọ bụ karịa nke a na-ahụkarị. Ọ bụ ọkwa, ọ bụghị kpọmkwem ọnọdụ gị, n'ihi na otu oge ị rụrụ ọrụ a na-egosi naanị ihe dị ka otu i si ahazi atụmatụ (lee n'okpuru). Ndị ọzọ gwuru bụ ndị bịara na saịtị a, ọ bụghị ihe atụ ndị na-anọchite anya mmadụ niile.

Kedu akara a na-ahụkarị?

Enweghị ụkpụrụ maka ụdị a. N'ụdị nnyocha nwere nsogbu siri ike 24 (mmegharị 4 ruo 6), ndị okenye na-eto eto doziri ihe dị ka 17 n'ime 24 ná nkezi n'ime mmegharị kacha nta; ndị okenye dị afọ 61 ruo 77 doziri ihe dị ka 13 [8]. Nsogbu anyị, oke oge na ihuenyo anyị dị iche, ya mere ọnụọgụ ndị a bụ naanị ihe ọmụma gbara ya gburugburu, ọ bụghị ihe e ji atụ mmadụ.

Ihe egwuregwu a nwere ike na enweghị ike ịgwa gị

A na-eji Tower of London eme nnyocha banyere ịhazi atụmatụ na nlele ahụike, ma ibe a bụ egwuregwu, ọ bụghị ule ahụike. Ọ naghị atụ ọgụgụ isi, otu oge ị gwuru ya bụkwa naanị foto nwa oge: ike ọgwụgwụ na ngwaọrụ ị na-eji na-agbanwe otú i si eme ya.

N'otu nnyocha e mere ndị okenye na-eto eto 79 bụ ndị gwuru Tower of London kọmputa ugboro abụọ, nkeji izu abụọ dị n'etiti, akara mmegharị ha n'ụbọchị abụọ ahụ kwekọrịtara ntakịrị (njikọ nke 0.15), ma ha bịara na-edozi ya ọsọ ọsọ [9]. Ya mere, were otu nsonaazụ dị ka ntụzịaka n'ozuzu, ma lelee ọtụtụ nnwale n'ụbọchị dị iche iche kama ile naanị otu ọnụọgụ.

Ajụjụ ndị a na-ajụkarị

Gịnị ka nnwale Tower of London na-atụ?

Ọ na-atụ ịhazi atụmatụ: ichepụta usoro mmegharị n'uche tupu i mee ha. Akara bụ isi bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nsogbu i doziri n'ime mmegharị kacha nta. Ndị nchọpụta na-elekwa ogologo oge ndị mmadụ ji eche echiche tupu mmegharị mbụ na mmegharị ole ọzọ ha mere [1][5].

Tower of London na Tower of Hanoi hà bụ otu ihe?

Mba. Ha abụọ na-ebufe ihe n'etiti mkpọ osisi atọ, ma na Tower of Hanoi ị na-ebufe otu ikpo diski nwere nha dị iche iche, a gaghị etinye diski buru ibu n'elu nke nta. Na Tower of London, bọọlụ niile hà nhata, mkpọ osisi na-ejide ọnụọgụ bọọlụ dị iche iche, nsogbu nke ọ bụla nwekwara nhazi ebumnuche nke ya.

Ọ ka mma ibu ụzọ hazie atụmatụ ka ọ bụ ịnwale mmegharị?

N'etiti ndị mmadụ, ndị na-eji akụkụ ka ukwuu nke oge ha hazie atụmatụ tupu mmegharị mbụ na-enwekarị mmegharị agbakwunyere ole na ole [5]. Ma ịgwa mmadụ ka ọ hazie atụmatụ ogologo oge anaghị enyere aka mgbe niile [7]. Nwaa ụzọ abụọ ahụ ka ị hụ nke ga-abara gị uru.

Nnwale Tower of London nke Helibrain ọ bụ n'efu?

Ee. Egwuregwu ahụ na nsonaazụ gị zuru ezu bụ n'efu: enweghị ndebanye aha, ozi ịntanetị ma ọ bụ ịkwụ ụgwọ. Helibrain na-enweta ego site na ngwa ya, nke ị chọghị iji kpọọ egwuregwu a.

Nnwale ndị metụtara ya

Lee nnwale ụbụrụ n'efu 43 niile

Ị chọrọ ịrụ nke a kwa ụbọchị? Ngwa Helibrain (n'Bekee ugbu a) nwere atụmatụ n'efu na atụmatụ akwụ ụgwọ.

Ebe e si nweta ihe ọmụma

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Otú anyị si mee ibe a: ndị otu Helibrain dere ya site n'ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị n'elu, Robert(Bekee) (onye na-aga PhD na biophysics) nyochara ya na 4 Novemba 2026. Anyị na-emelite ya mgbe isi mmalite gbanwere.