London Aban Sɔhwɛ

Yɛ botae no sɛnea ɛte, fa nnidiso a ɛsua koraa: di kan susuw ho, afei tu. Ɛbɛyɛ simma 5, wontua hwee, na ɛho nhia sɛ wokyerɛw wo din.

Helibrain kuw no na ɛkyerɛweeRobert(Borɔfo), biophysics ho PhD suani na ɔhwɛɛ muWɔtintimii Wɔsan hwɛɛ mu koraa wɔ

Nea agodie yi susuw

London Aban yɛ nhyehyɛe ho ahodwiriwde a wɔnim dedaw wɔ adwene ho nhwehwɛmu mu. Wutu bɔɔl ahorow a wɔde kɔla ahorow ayɛ no fi nnua abiɛsa a ne tenten gu ahorow so, na wode yɛ botae no sɛnea ɛte, fa nnidiso a ɛsua koraa. Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wutumi di kan susuw nneɛma kakra ho ansa na woayɛ biribi [1].

Ɔpɛyɛ adwene ho oduruyɛfo Tim Shallice na ɔyɛɛ adwuma yi wɔ 1982 mu sɛ ɔde besua nhyehyɛe [1]. Ɔhaw biara wɔ nnidiso dodow a ɛsua koraa, na adwuma yi kyerɛ sɛ wuduu botae no wɔ saa dodow no mu anaa, nnidiso foforo dodow a wuhia, ne bere tenten a wudwene ansa na wotu nea edi kan. Ɛte sɛ Tower of Hanoi kakra, nanso mmara ne ɔhaw ahorow no yɛ soronko.

Nnidiso dodow nkutoo na ɛma ɔhaw bi yɛ den. Ɔhaw a botae no ma wutumi sesa nnidiso a wode yɛ no, anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan tu bɔɔl bi fi hɔ no, egye bere tenten na nnipa asusuw ho, sɛ nnidiso dodow no yɛ pɛ mpo a [2][3][4].

Sɛnea agodie no yɛ adwuma

  • Nnua abiɛsa no kura bɔɔl 3, 2 ne 1. Tu bɔɔl baako pɛ bere biara: nea ɛwɔ soro nkutoo na wubetumi atu, na mma mfa ngu dua a ayɛ ma so.
  • Ɔhaw biara kyerɛ botae no ne nnidiso kakraa bi a ɛbɛyɛ a wode bedi ho dwuma. Yɛ botae no wɔ nnidiso dodow no mu na woanya ano aduru pɛpɛɛpɛ.
  • Ɔhaw 16, efi nnidiso 2 kosi 6, na ɛrenya den. Ɔhaw biara ba awiei wɔ sikɔne 60 anaa nnidiso 20 akyi.
  • Mia bɔɔl bi so, afei mia dua a wopɛ sɛ wode to so no so, anaasɛ twe no. Sɛ wode kɛbɔɔd di dwuma a, bɔtn 1, 2 ne 3 na ɛma wugye bɔɔl no na wode to hɔ.
  • Ntetee ɔhaw tiawa bi ba kan (wubetumi ahuruw afa so). Bere biara a wudi agoru no, bɔɔl no nya kɔla foforo, enti sɛ wosan yɛ a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ foforo, nanso ne den yɛ pɛ.

Yɛno ara na yɛyɛɛ ɔhaw ahorow no. Kɔmputa hwehwɛɛ sɛnea bɔɔl no bɛtumi asi wɔ mmeae 36 nyinaa, na ɛhwɛe sɛ nnidiso kakraa bi a ɛho hia wɔ ɔhaw biara mu no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ; efi nnidiso 3 rekɔ no, ɔhaw biara wɔ ano aduru tiawa baako pɛ. Botae ahorow no de nsusuwso abiɛsa a nhwehwɛmufo sesa no frafra: bɔɔl nyinaa wɔ dua baako so, abien ne baako, ne baako wɔ dua biara so [2].

Sɛnea wobɛte wo nɔma ase

  • Woadi nnidiso kakraa bi mu: wo nɔma titiriw, ɔhaw dodow a wode ano aduru pɛpɛɛpɛ mae.
  • Nnidiso foforo: nnidiso a ɛboro nea ɛsua koraa no so, wɔ ɔhaw a wudii ho dwuma no mu.
  • Bere a wodwenee ansa na wotu nea edi kan: bere tenten a wohwɛe ansa na woabɔ bɔɔl bi. Nhwehwɛmufo frɛ eyi mfitiase nhyehyɛe bere.
  • Sɛnea wodii ho dwuma: wo bere no mu kyɛfa a wode dwenee ho ansa na wotu nea edi kan wɔ ɔhaw a ɛyɛ den mu. Kyɛfa kɛse kyerɛ sɛ wudii kan yɛɛ ano aduru no ho nhyehyɛe pii wɔ w’adwenem.

Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛɛ wɔ mpanyimfo 179 so no mu, nnipa a wɔde wɔn bere no mu kyɛfa kɛse yɛɛ nhyehyɛe ansa na wotu nea edi kan no taa dii ɔhaw pii ho dwuma wɔ nnidiso kakraa bi mu [5]. Nhwehwɛmu biako mu no, sɛ wɔka kyerɛɛ nnipa sɛ wonni kan nhyehyɛe a, ɛboaa wɔn [6], nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo mu no antumi amfa mfaso amma; ɛhɔ no, nnipa dwenee ho kyɛe nanso wɔannyɛ yiye wɔ wɔn atu no mu [7]. Enti fa “sɛnea wodii ho dwuma” no sɛ sɛnea saa mmɔdenbɔ yi kɔe ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu, na nyɛ mmara.

Sɛ nnipa dodow bi adi agoru wie a, wo nea efi mu ba no bɛkyerɛ baabi a wogyina wɔ agodie yi agodifo foforo ho, wɔ kuw bi mu: nea ɛba fam sen sɛnea ɛtaa te, nea ɛtaa te, anaa nea ɛboro sɛnea ɛtaa te. Ɛyɛ kuw bi, na ɛnyɛ dibea pɔtee, efisɛ saa adwuma yi mmɔdenbɔ biako kyerɛ sɛnea woyɛ nhyehyɛe no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ so (hwɛ ase ha). Agodifo foforo no yɛ wɔn a wɔba wɛbsaet yi so, na ɛnyɛ nnipa a wɔyɛɛ wɔn ho nhwehwɛmu a egyina hɔ ma nnipa nyinaa.

Nɔma bɛn na ɛyɛ nea ɛtaa ba?

Saa ɔkwan yi ho nɔma a wɔde toto afoforo ho nni hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu ɔkwan bi a ɛwɔ ɔhaw a ɛyɛ den 24 (nnidiso 4 kosi 6) mu no, mmabun dii ɔhaw no mu bɛyɛ 17 wɔ 24 mu ho dwuma wɔ nnidiso kakraa bi mu, na mpanyimfo a wɔn mfe yɛ 61 kosi 77 dii bɛyɛ 13 ho dwuma [8]. Yɛn ɔhaw, bere anohyeto ne ekran no yɛ soronko, enti saa nɔma yi kyerɛ tebea no mu ntease, na ɛnyɛ susudua.

Nea agodie yi betumi aka ne nea ɛrentumi nka

Wɔde London Aban di dwuma wɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa nhyehyɛe ho ne ayaresabea mu nhwehwɛmu mu, nanso krataafa yi yɛ agodie, na ɛnyɛ ayaresa sɔhwɛ. Ɛnsusuw nyansa, na mmɔdenbɔ biako yɛ bere no mu mfonini pɛ: ɔbrɛ ne mfiri a wode di dwuma no sesa sɛnea wobɛyɛ.

Nhwehwɛmu bi mu no, mpanyimfo nkumaa 79 yɛɛ London Aban kɔmputa agodie no mprenu, nnawɔtwe abien ntam. Wɔn nnidiso nɔma a wonyaa wɔ nna abien no mu no hyiae kakraa bi pɛ (nkitahodi yɛ 0.15), na wɔn ahoɔhare wɔ ɔhaw ano aduru mu nyaa nkɔanim [9]. Enti fa nea efi mmɔdenbɔ biako mu ba no sɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ; hwɛ mmɔdenbɔ ahorow pii wɔ nna soronko mu sen sɛ wode nɔma biako bɛto so.

Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa

London Aban sɔhwɛ no susuw dɛn?

Ɛsusuw nhyehyɛe: sɛnea wususuw nnidiso a wode bɛyɛ ade no ho wɔ w’adwenem ansa na woayɛ. Nɔma titiriw no ne ɔhaw dodow a wudi ho dwuma wɔ nnidiso kakraa bi mu. Nhwehwɛmufo hwɛ bere tenten a nnipa dwene ansa na wotu nea edi kan ne nnidiso foforo dodow a wɔyɛ nso [1][5].

London Aban yɛ ade koro ne Tower of Hanoi anaa?

Dabi. Wɔn baanu nyinaa tu nneɛma fi dua abiɛsa bi so kɔ foforo so, nanso wɔ Tower of Hanoi mu no, wutu disk a ne kɛse gu ahorow a wɔahyehyɛ so, na worentumi mfa disk kɛse nto nea ɛsua so da. London Aban mu no, bɔɔl no nyinaa yɛ kɛse koro, nnua no kura bɔɔl dodow a ɛsono, na ɔhaw biara wɔ ne botae nsusuwso.

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wudi kan yɛ nhyehyɛe anaa sɛ wobɔ mmɔden tu nneɛma?

Nnipa mu no, wɔn a wɔde wɔn bere no mu kyɛfa kɛse yɛ nhyehyɛe ansa na wotu nea edi kan no taa yɛ nnidiso foforo kakraa bi [5]. Nanso sɛ wɔka kyerɛ obi sɛ ɔnnwene ho kyɛe a, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛboa [7]. Sɔ akwan abien no nyinaa hwɛ na hwɛ nea ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo.

Wɔde Helibrain London Aban sɔhwɛ no di kwa anaa?

Yiw. Wɔde agodie no ne nea efi mu ba nyinaa ma kwa: enhia sɛ wokyerɛw wo din, enhia email, na wontua hwee. Helibrain nya sika fi ne app mu, na enhia wo app no na woadi agoru yi.

Sɔhwɛ a ɛfa ho

Hwɛ adwene ho sɔhwɛ 43 no nyinaa a wontua hwee

Wopɛ sɛ wudi eyi ho dwuma da biara? Helibrain app no (seesei ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu) wɔ nhyehyɛe a wontua hwee ne nea wotua ho ka.

Nneɛma a yɛde gyinaa so

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Sɛnea yɛyɛɛ krataafa yi: Helibrain kuw no kyerɛw fii nhwehwɛmu a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no mu, na Robert(Borɔfo) (biophysics ho PhD suani) hwɛɛ mu wɔ 4, Obubuo, 2026. Yɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ mu bere a nneɛma a yɛde gyinaa so no sesa.