Uvavanyo lweNqaba yaseLondon

Linganisela umfanekiso ekujoliswe kuwo ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko: cwangcisa kwangaphambili, uze ushukumise. Malunga nemizuzu emi-5, simahla, akukho kubhalisa.

Ibhalwe liqela leHelibrainIhlolwe nguRobert(IsiNgesi), umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysicsIpapashwe ngomhla we-Ihlolwe okokugqibela ngomhla we-

Oko kulinganiswa ngulo mdlalo

INqaba yaseLondon yiphazili yakudala yokucwangcisa evela kuphando lwengqondo. Uhambisa iibhola ezinemibala phakathi kwezibonda ezintathu ezinobude obungafaniyo ukuze ulinganise umfanekiso ekujoliswe kuwo ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko. Ibonisa indlela okwazi ngayo ukucinga amanyathelo ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba wenze [1].

Ugqirha wengqondo uTim Shallice wayila lo msebenzi ngo-1982 ukuze afunde ngokucwangcisa [1]. Ingxaki nganye inenani elincinane leentshukumo ezifunekayo, yaye umsebenzi urekhoda ukuba uyafikelela na kwinjongo ngelo nani, ukuba ufuna iintshukumo ezingaphi ezongezelelweyo, nexesha olicingayo ngaphambi kwentshukumo yakho yokuqala. Ufana kancinane neNqaba yaseHanoi, kodwa imithetho neengxaki zahlukile.

Inani leentshukumo alisilo lodwa elenza ingxaki ibe nzima. Iingxaki apho injongo ivumela iintshukumo ukuba zenziwe ngolandelelwano olwahlukeneyo, okanye apho kufuneka uqale ushenxise ibhola endleleni, zithatha abantu ixesha elide ukuzicwangcisa, nokuba zinentshukumo ezilinganayo [2][3][4].

Usebenza njani umdlalo

  • Izibonda ezintathu zithwala iibhola ezi-3, ezi-2 nezili-1. Hambisa ibhola ibe nye ngexesha: ingashenxiswa kuphela ibhola ephezulu, yaye ungaze uyibeke kwisibonda esizele ngokupheleleyo.
  • Ingxaki nganye ibonisa injongo nelona nani lincinane leentshukumo ezinokuyifeza. Linganisa injongo ngelo nani leentshukumo ukuze ufumane isisombululo esigqibeleleyo.
  • Iingxaki 16, ezisusela kwiintshukumo ezi-2 ukuya kwezili-6, ziya zisiba nzima. Nganye iphela emva kwemizuzwana eyi-60 okanye ngeentshukumo eziyi-20.
  • Cofa ibhola, uze ucofe isibonda oza kuyibeka kuso, okanye uyirhuqe. Kwibhodi yezitshixo, amaqhosha u-1, u-2 no-3 ayakunceda uyiphakamise uyibeke phantsi.
  • Kuqala kuza ingxaki emfutshane yokuziqhelanisa (ungayitsiba). Kumdlalo ngamnye iibhola zifumana imibala emitsha, ngoko ukuzama okwesibini kubonakala kwahlukile kodwa kunzima ngokufanayo.

Sizenzele iseti yethu yeengxaki. Uphando lwekhompyutha kuzo zonke iindawo ezingama-36 zeebhola luqinisekisile ukuba inani elincinane leentshukumo kwingxaki nganye lichanekile, yaye ukusuka kwiintshukumo ezi-3 ukuya phezulu ingxaki nganye inesisombululo esinye kuphela esinezona ntshukumo zimbalwa. Iinjongo ziquka iintlobo ezintathu abaphandi abazitshintshayo: zonke iibhola kwisibonda esinye, ezimbini kwesinye nenye kwesinye, nenye kwibonda ngalinye [2].

Indlela yokufunda amanqaku akho

  • Isonjululwe ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko: ngowona manqaku wakho uphambili, inani leengxaki ozisombulule ngokugqibeleleyo.
  • Iintshukumo ezongezelelweyo: iintshukumo ezingaphezulu kwelona nani lincinane, kwiingxaki ozisombululeyo.
  • Ukucinga ngaphambi kwentshukumo yokuqala: ixesha olichithe ujonge ngaphambi kokuchukumisa ibhola. Abaphandi bakubiza oku ngokuba lixesha lokucwangcisa lokuqala.
  • Indlela osombulule ngayo: isabelo sexesha lakho osichithe ngaphambi kwentshukumo yokuqala kwiingxaki ezinde. Isabelo esikhulu sithetha ukuba uqale wacwangcisa inxalenye enkulu yesisombululo engqondweni yakho.

Kolunye uphando lwabantu abadala abayi-179, abantu abachithe isabelo esikhulu sexesha labo becwangcisa ngaphambi kwentshukumo yokuqala babedla ngokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko [5]. Ukuxelela abantu ukuba bacwangcise kuqala kwanceda kolunye uphando [6], kodwa akuzange kuncede kolunye, apho abantu bacwangcisa ixesha elide kodwa bengaphucuki ekushukumeni [7]. Ngoko ke, jonga “indlela osombulule ngayo” njengenkcazelo yalo mdlalo wakho, kungekhona njengomthetho.

Xa sele kudlale abantu abaneleyo, iziphumo zakho zikwabonisa indawo okuyo xa uthelekiswa nabanye abadlali balo mdlalo, ngokodidi: ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo, kwesiqhelo okanye ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Udidi, hayi inqanaba elichanekileyo, kuba umdlalo omnye walo msebenzi ubonisa kuphela uqikelelo lwendlela ocwangcisa ngayo (jonga ngezantsi). Abanye abadlali ziindwendwe zale sayithi, asiyosampulu emele wonke umntu.

Ngawaphi amanqaku aqhelekileyo?

Akukho manqaku aqhelekileyo amiselweyo ale nguqulelo. Kwinguqulelo yophando eneengxaki ezinzima ezingama-24 (iintshukumo ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6), abantu abadala abasebatsha basombulula umyinge weengxaki ezimalunga ne-17 kwezingu-24 ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko, kanti abantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-61 ukuya kweyi-77 basombulula malunga ne-13 [8]. Iingxaki zethu, imida yexesha nezikrini zahlukile, ngoko la manani anika umxholo kuphela, ayingomlinganiselo wokuthelekisa.

Oko umdlalo unokukuxelela noko ungenakukuxelela

INqaba yaseLondon isetyenziswa kuphando lokucwangcisa nakuhlolo lwezonyango, kodwa eli phepha ngumdlalo, asilovavanyo lwezonyango. Ayilinganisi ubukrelekrele, yaye umdlalo omnye ngumfanekiso wexesha elithile: ukudinwa nesixhobo osisebenzisayo ziyazitshintsha iziphumo zakho.

Kuphononongo lwabantu abadala abasebatsha abangama-79 abenza uvavanyo lwekhompyutha lweNqaba yaseLondon kabini, kushiyana iiveki ezimbini, amanqaku eentshukumo kwiintsuku ezimbini ayengavumelani kakhulu (unxulumano lwe-0.15), nangona babekhawuleza ukusombulula [9]. Ngoko ke, jonga isiphumo esinye njengesikhokelo esiqikelelweyo, uze ujonge imizamo emininzi ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo endaweni yenani elinye.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Ulinganisa ntoni uvavanyo lweNqaba yaseLondon?

Lulinganisa ukucwangcisa: ukucinga ngokulandelelana kweentshukumo engqondweni ngaphambi kokuba uzenze. Amanqaku aphambili linani leengxaki ozisombulula ngeentshukumo ezimbalwa kangangoko. Abaphandi bakwajonga ixesha abantu abalichitha becinga ngaphambi kwentshukumo yokuqala nenani leentshukumo ezongezelelweyo abazenzayo [1][5].

Ngaba iNqaba yaseLondon iyafana neNqaba yaseHanoi?

Hayi. Zombini zihambisa izinto phakathi kwezibonda ezintathu, kodwa kwiNqaba yaseHanoi uhambisa imfumba yeediski ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, yaye akuvumelekanga ukubeka idiski enkulu phezu kwencinane. KwiNqaba yaseLondon iibhola zilingana, izibonda zithwala amanani eebhola angafaniyo, yaye ingxaki nganye inomfanekiso wayo ekujoliswe kuwo.

Kungcono ukucwangcisa kuqala okanye uzame iintshukumo?

Xa kujongwa abantu ngokubanzi, abo bachitha isabelo esikhulu sexesha becwangcisa ngaphambi kwentshukumo yokuqala badla ngokwenza iintshukumo ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo [5]. Kodwa ukuxelelwa ukuba ucwangcise ixesha elide akusoloko kunceda [7]. Zama zombini iindlela ukuze ubone ekusebenzela kakuhle.

Ngaba uvavanyo lweNqaba yaseLondon lweHelibrain lusimahla?

Ewe. Umdlalo neziphumo zakho ezipheleleyo zisimahla: akukho kubhalisa, akukho imeyile, akukho ntlawulo. IHelibrain ifumana imali kwi-app yayo, ongayidingiyo kulo mdlalo.

Iimvavanyo ezinxulumene noku

Bona zonke iimvavanyo zengqondo zasimahla eziyi-43

Ufuna ukusebenza koku yonke imihla? I-app yeHelibrain (okwangoku ifumaneka ngesiNgesi) inesicwangciso sasimahla kunye nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo.

Imithombo

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Indlela esenze ngayo eli phepha: libhalwe liqela leHelibrain ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezidweliswe ngasentla, laza lahlolwa nguRobert(IsiNgesi) (umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysics) ngomhla we-Novemba 4, 2026. Siyalihlaziya xa imithombo itshintsha.