Ukuhlolwa Kombhoshongo waseLondon

Kopisha iphethini elihlosiwe ngeminyakazo embalwa ngangokunokwenzeka: hlela kusengaphambili, bese uyahambisa. Cishe imizuzu engu-5, kumahhala, akukho ukubhalisa.

Yithimba lakwa-HelibrainKubuyekezwe ngu-Robert(IsiNgisi), ofundela iziqu ze-PhD ku-biophysicsKushicilelwe Kubuyekezwe okokugcina ngo-

Okukalwa yilo mdlalo

Umbhoshongo waseLondon uyindida yakudala yokuhlela evela ocwaningweni lwengqondo. Uhambisa amabhola anemibala phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezintathu eziphakeme ngezindlela ezingafani ukuze ukopishe iphethini elihlosiwe ngeminyakazo embalwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ubonisa ukuthi ukwazi kangakanani ukucabanga izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwenza [1].

Isazi se-neuropsychology uTim Shallice saklama lo msebenzi ngo-1982 ukuze sifunde ukuhlela [1]. Inkinga ngayinye inenani elincane kakhulu leminyakazo, futhi umsebenzi uqopha ukuthi uyafinyelela yini ephethinini elihlosiwe ngalelo nani, ukuthi udinga iminyakazo emingaki eyengeziwe, nokuthi ucabanga isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi komnyakazo wakho wokuqala. Uthi ukufana kancane noMbhoshongo waseHanoi, kodwa imithetho nezinkinga akufani.

Inani leminyakazo akulona lodwa elenza inkinga ibe nzima. Izinkinga lapho iphethini elihlosiwe livumela ukuhleleka kweminyakazo okuhlukahlukene, noma lapho kudingeka uqale ngokususa ibhola endleleni, zithatha abantu isikhathi eside ukuzihlela, ngisho noma zinenani elifanayo leminyakazo [2][3][4].

Usebenza kanjani umdlalo

  • Izikhonkwane ezintathu zibamba amabhola angu-3, 2 kanye no-1. Hambisa ibhola elilodwa ngesikhathi: kungahanjiswa kuphela ibhola eliphezulu, futhi ungalibeki esikhonkwaneni esigcwele.
  • Inkinga ngayinye ikhombisa iphethini elihlosiwe nenani elincane kakhulu leminyakazo elidingekayo. Kopisha iphethini ngalelo nani leminyakazo ukuze uthole isixazululo esiphelele.
  • Izinkinga ezingu-16, ezisuka eminyakazweni engu-2 kuye ku-6, ziba nzima kancane kancane. Ngayinye iphela ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-60 noma iminyakazo engu-20.
  • Thepha ibhola, bese uthepha isikhonkwane ofuna ukulibeka kuso, noma ulihudule. Kukhibhodi, izinkinobho u-1, 2 no-3 ziyalicosha ziphinde zilibeke phansi.
  • Kuqala inkinga emfushane yokuzilolonga (ungayeqa). Ekuqaleni komdlalo ngamunye amabhola apendwa ngemibala emisha, ngakho umzamo wesibili ubukeka umusha kodwa unzima ngendlela efanayo.

Sizakhele isethi yethu yezinkinga. Ukusesha kwekhompyutha kuzo zonke izindawo ezingu-36 zamabhola kuqinisekisile ukuthi inani elincane leminyakazo yenkinga ngayinye linembile, nokuthi kusukela eminyakazweni engu-3 kuya phezulu, inkinga ngayinye inesixazululo esisodwa kuphela esisebenzisa iminyakazo embalwa kakhulu. Amaphethini ahlosiwe ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezishintshwa abacwaningi: wonke amabhola esikhonkwaneni esisodwa, amabili kwesinye nelilodwa kwesinye, kanye nebhola elilodwa esikhonkwaneni ngasinye [2].

Ukuqonda amaphuzu akho

  • Kuxazululwe ngeminyakazo embalwa kakhulu: amaphuzu akho ayinhloko, okuyinani lezixazululo eziphelele.
  • Iminyakazo eyengeziwe: iminyakazo engaphezu kwenani elincane kakhulu, ezinkingeni ozixazulule.
  • Ukucabanga ngaphambi komnyakazo wokuqala: isikhathi osibukile ngaphambi kokuthinta ibhola. Abacwaningi babiza lokhu ngokuthi isikhathi sokuqala sokuhlela.
  • Indlela oxazulule ngayo: ingxenye yesikhathi sakho oyichithe ucabanga ngaphambi komnyakazo wokuqala ezinkingeni ezinde. Ingxenye enkulu isho ukuthi uqale wahlela okuningi kwesixazululo engqondweni yakho.

Ocwaningweni olulodwa lwabantu abadala abangu-179, abantu abachithe ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo behlela ngaphambi komnyakazo wokuqala babevame ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ngeminyakazo embalwa kakhulu [5]. Kolunye ucwaningo, ukutshela abantu ukuthi baqale bahlele kwasiza [6], kodwa kolunye akusizanga; lapho abantu bahlela isikhathi eside kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kungabi ngcono [7]. Ngakho-ke, thatha okuthi "indlela oxazulule ngayo" njengencazelo yalo mzamo, hhayi njengomthetho.

Uma abantu abanele sebewudlalile, umphumela wakho ubonisa nokuthi umi kuphi uma uqhathaniswa nabanye abadlali balo mdlalo, ngesigaba: ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, okujwayelekile noma ngaphezu kokujwayelekile. Kuyisigaba, hhayi izinga eliqondile, ngoba umzamo owodwa walo msebenzi ubonisa kuphela cishe indlela ohlela ngayo (bona ngezansi). Abanye abadlali yizivakashi zale sayithi, hhayi isampula elimele abantu bonke.

Ayini amaphuzu ajwayelekile?

Ayikho imigomo evamile yale nguqulo. Enguqulweni yocwaningo enezinkinga ezinzima ezingu-24 (iminyakazo engu-4 kuya ku-6), abantu abadala abasebasha baxazulula ngokwesilinganiso cishe ezingu-17 kwezingu-24 ngeminyakazo embalwa kakhulu, kanti abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-61 kuya ku-77 baxazulula cishe ezingu-13 [8]. Izinkinga zethu, imikhawulo yesikhathi nezikrini kuhlukile, ngakho lezi zinombolo zinikeza umongo kuphela, aziyona indlela yokukala amaphuzu akho.

Lokho umdlalo ongakutshela nongakwazi ukukutshela kona

Umbhoshongo waseLondon usetshenziswa ocwaningweni lokuhlela nasekuhloleni komtholampilo, kodwa leli khasi lingumdlalo, alikona ukuhlolwa komtholampilo. Awukali ukuhlakanipha, futhi umzamo owodwa uyisithombe sesikhashana: ukukhathala nedivayisi oyisebenzisayo kuyakushintsha ukusebenza kwakho.

Ocwaningweni lwabantu abadala abasebasha abangu-79 abenza ukuhlolwa kwekhompyutha koMbhoshongo waseLondon kabili, ngokuhlukana kwamasonto amabili, amaphuzu abo eminyakazweni kulezo zinsuku ezimbili ayevumelana kancane kuphela (ukuhambisana okungu-0.15), nakuba bashesha ekuxazululeni [9]. Ngakho-ke, thatha umphumela owodwa njengesiqondiso esicishe sibe khona, bese ubheka imizamo eminingana ngezinsuku ezahlukene kunokubheka inombolo eyodwa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ikalani ukuhlolwa koMbhoshongo waseLondon?

Ikala ukuhlela: ukucabanga ngokulandelana kweminyakazo engqondweni ngaphambi kokuyenza. Amaphuzu ayinhloko yinani lezinkinga ozixazulula ngeminyakazo embalwa kakhulu. Abacwaningi baphinde babheke ukuthi abantu bacabanga isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi komnyakazo wokuqala nokuthi benza iminyakazo emingaki eyengeziwe [1][5].

Ingabe uMbhoshongo waseLondon uyafana noMbhoshongo waseHanoi?

Cha. Kokubili kuhilela ukuhambisa izinto phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezintathu, kodwa kuMbhoshongo waseHanoi uhambisa inqwaba yamadiski anobukhulu obungafani, futhi awuvunyelwe ukubeka idiski enkulu phezu kwencane. KuMbhoshongo waseLondon amabhola ayalingana, izikhonkwane zibamba izinombolo ezihlukene zamabhola, futhi inkinga ngayinye inephethini yayo ehlosiwe.

Kungcono yini ukuhlela kuqala noma ukuzama iminyakazo?

Uma kuqhathaniswa abantu, labo abachitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo behlela ngaphambi komnyakazo wokuqala bavame ukwenza iminyakazo embalwa eyengeziwe [5]. Kodwa ukutshelwa ukuthi uhlele isikhathi eside akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi [7]. Zama zombili izindlela ubone ukuthi iyiphi ekusebenzelayo.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kukaHelibrain koMbhoshongo waseLondon kumahhala?

Yebo. Umdlalo nawo wonke umphumela wakho kumahhala: akukho ukubhalisa, akukho imeyili, akukho ukukhokha. UHelibrain uthola imali ngohlelo lwayo lokusebenza, ongaludingi kulo mdlalo.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene

Bona konke ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kwamahhala okungu-43

Ufuna ukusebenza kulokhu nsuku zonke? Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Helibrain (okwamanje lutholakala ngesiNgisi) lunohlelo lwamahhala kanye nezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo.

Imithombo

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Indlela esenze ngayo leli khasi: libhalwe yithimba lakwa-Helibrain kusetshenziswa izifundo ezibalwe ngenhla, futhi labuyekezwa u-Robert(IsiNgisi) (umfundi oqhubeka neziqu zobudokotela ku-biophysics) ngo-Novemba 4, 2026. Sibuyekeza lokhu lapho imithombo ishintsha.