Muedzo weTower of London

Tevedzera muenzaniso waunofanira kuita uchishandisa mafambiro mashoma: tanga waronga, wobva wafambisa. Zvinotora maminitsi anenge 5, mahara, uye haudi kunyoresa.

Nechikwata cheHelibrainYakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu), ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysicsYakabudiswa Yakapedzisira kuongororwa

Zvinoyerwa nemutambo uyu

Tower of London idambudziko rekare rekuronga rakabva mutsvakurudzo yepfungwa. Unofambisa mabhora ane mavara pakati pezvibatiso zvitatu zvine hurefu hwakasiyana kuti utevedzere muenzaniso waunofanira kuita uchishandisa mafambiro mashoma. Rinoratidza kuti unokwanisa kuronga matanho mashoma mberi usati waita chimwe chinhu [1].

Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzetsinga Tim Shallice ndiye akagadzira basa iri muna 1982 kuti aongorore kuronga [1]. Dambudziko rimwe nerimwe rine nhamba shoma yemafambiro rinodiwa, uye basa iri rinonyora kana wasvika pane zvaunofanira kuita nenhamba iyoyo yemafambiro, kuti wafambisa kangani kupfuura paidiwa, uye kuti wafunga kwenguva yakareba sei usati wafambisa kekutanga. Rinoti fananei neTower of Hanoi, asi mitemo nematambudziko acho zvakasiyana.

Nhamba yemafambiro handiyo yoga inoita kuti dambudziko riome. Vanhu vanotora nguva yakareba kuronga matambudziko apo chinangwa chinobvumira mafambiro acho kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kana kuti panotanga pafanira kubviswa bhora munzira, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yemafambiro yakafanana [2][3][4].

Mashandiro anoita mutambo

  • Zvibatiso zvitatu zvinotakura mabhora 3, 2 uye 1. Fambisa bhora rimwe chete panguva: bhora riri pamusoro chete ndiro rinogona kufambiswa, uye usamboriisa pachibatiso chatozara.
  • Dambudziko rimwe nerimwe rinoratidza chinangwa nenhamba shoma yemafambiro anodiwa kuti chiitwe. Tevedzera chinangwa nenhamba iyoyo yemafambiro kuti upedze zvakakwana.
  • Matambudziko 16, kubva pamafambiro 2 kusvika 6, achiwedzera kuoma. Rimwe nerimwe rinopera kana papfuura masekondi 60 kana mafambiro 20.
  • Bata bhora, wozobata chibatiso chaunoda kuriisa pachiri, kana kuti rikweve. Pakhibhodi, makiyi 1, 2 na3 anoshandiswa kusimudza nekuisa pasi.
  • Panotanga dambudziko pfupi rokudzidzira (unogona kurisvetuka). Pamutambo mumwe nomumwe mabhora anopiwa mavara matsva, saka ukaedza kechipiri unoona chimwe chinhu chitsva asi kuoma kwacho kwakafanana.

Takagadzira matambudziko edu pachedu. Pakombiyuta takatsvaga nzvimbo dzose 36 dzinogona kuva nemabhora kuti tiongorore kuti nhamba shoma yemafambiro edambudziko rimwe nerimwe ndeyechokwadi, uye kubva pamafambiro 3 zvichikwira dambudziko rimwe nerimwe rine nzira imwe chete ipfupi kupfuura dzimwe. Zvinangwa zvacho zvinosanganisa marudzi matatu ezvimiro anoshandurwa nevatsvakurudzi: mabhora ose pachibatiso chimwe, maviri pane chimwe uye rimwe pane chimwe, uye rimwe pachibatiso chimwe nechimwe [2].

Kunzwisisa zvibodzwa zvako

  • Kupedza nemafambiro mashoma: ndicho chibodzwa chikuru, nhamba yemadambudziko awakapedza zvakakwana.
  • Mafambiro ekuwedzera: mafambiro anodarika mashoma aidiwa pamadambudziko awakapedza.
  • Nguva yekufunga usati wafambisa kekutanga: nguva yawakatarisa usati wabata bhora. Vatsvakurudzi vanoti iyi inguva yokutanga yokuronga.
  • Maitiro awakapedza nawo: chikamu chenguva yako yawakapedza uchifunga usati wafambisa kekutanga pamadambudziko akaoma. Chikamu chikuru chinoreva kuti wakatanga waronga mhinduro yakawanda mupfungwa.

Mune imwe ongororo yevakuru 179, vaya vakapedza chikamu chikuru chenguva yavo vachironga vasati vatanga kufambisa vaiwanzopedza mamwe matambudziko nemafambiro mashoma [5]. Mune imwe ongororo, kuudza vanhu kuti vatange varonga kwakabatsira [6], asi mune imwe hakuna kubatsira; vanhu vakaronga kwenguva refu asi havana kuita mafambiro ari nani [7]. Saka tora “maitiro awakapedza nawo” serondedzero yemutambo uyu, kwete semutemo.

Kana vanhu vakakwana vatamba, mhedzisiro yako icharatidzawo boka raunowirirana naro pakati pevamwe vatambi vemutambo uyu: pasi pezvinowanzoitika, zviri pakati pezvinowanzoitika kana pamusoro pezvinowanzoitika. Iri iboka, kwete nzvimbo chaiyo pachinzvimbo, nokuti kutamba kamwe chete kunongoratidza zvishoma nezvemarongero aunoita (ona pazasi). Vamwe vatambi vashanyi vesaiti ino, havasi vanhu vanomiririra veruzhinji vose.

Chibodzwa chipi chinonzi chakajairika?

Hapana zviyero zvakajairika zverudzi urwu. Mune imwe nzira yetsvakurudzo yaiva nematambudziko akaoma 24 (mafambiro 4 kusvika 6), vechiduku vakapedza avhareji yemadambudziko anenge 17 pa24 nemafambiro mashoma, uye vakuru vane makore 61 kusvika 77 vakapedza anenge 13 [8]. Matambudziko edu, miganhu yenguva nemasikirini zvakasiyana, saka nhamba idzi dzinongopa mamiriro ezvinhu, hadzisi chiyero chokukuyera nacho.

Zvaunogona nezvausingakwanisi kudzidza kubva pamutambo uyu

Tower of London inoshandiswa mutsvakurudzo yekuronga uye pakuongorora kwekiriniki, asi peji rino mutambo, hausi muedzo wekiriniki. Hauyeri ungwaru, uye kutamba kamwe chete kunongoratidza mamiriro panguva iyoyo: kuneta nemudziyo waunoshandisa zvinokanganisa maitiro ako.

Mune ongororo yevakuru vechiduku 79 vakaita mutambo weTower of London pakombiyuta kaviri, paine mavhiki maviri pakati pazvo, zvibodzwa zvavo zvemafambiro pamazuva acho maviri zvaienderana zvishoma chete (kuwirirana kwe0.15), asi vakawedzera kumhanya kupedza [9]. Saka tora mhedzisiro imwe senhungamiro isina kunyatsorurama, uye ona zvawawana pakuedza kakawanda pamazuva akasiyana pane kungotarisa nhamba imwe chete.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Muedzo weTower of London unoyera chii?

Unoyera kuronga: kufunga kutevedzana kwemafambiro mupfungwa usati waaita. Chibodzwa chikuru inhamba yemadambudziko aunopedza nemafambiro mashoma. Vatsvakurudzi vanotarisawo kuti vanhu vanofunga kwenguva yakareba sei vasati vatanga kufambisa uye kuti vanoita mafambiro mangani ekuwedzera [1][5].

Tower of London yakafanana neTower of Hanoi here?

Kwete. Mumitambo miviri iyi zvidimbu zvinofambiswa pakati pezvibatiso zvitatu, asi muTower of Hanoi unofambisa murwi wemadhisiki ane hukuru hwakasiyana uye haubvumirwi kuisa dhisiki guru pamusoro pediki. MuTower of London mabhora akaenzana, zvibatiso zvinokwanisa kutakura nhamba dzakasiyana dzemabhora, uye dambudziko rimwe nerimwe rine muenzaniso waro wechinangwa.

Zviri nani kutanga waronga here kana kuti kuedza kufambisa?

Kana tichienzanisa vanhu, vaya vanopedza chikamu chikuru chenguva yavo vachironga vasati vatanga kufambisa vanowanzova nemafambiro mashoma ekuwedzera [5]. Asi kuudzwa kuti uronge kwenguva refu hakubatsiri nguva dzose [7]. Edza nzira dzose dziri mbiri uone inokubatsira.

Muedzo weTower of London weHelibrain ndewemahara here?

Hongu. Mutambo nemhedzisiro yako yose ndezvemahara: hapana kunyoresa, hapana email, hapana kubhadhara. Helibrain inowana mari kubva kuapp yayo, yausingadi kuti utambe mutambo uyu.

Miedzo ine chekuita neiyi

Ona miedzo yose 43 yemahara yeuropi

Unoda kudzidzira izvi zuva nezuva here? App yeHelibrain (parizvino iri muChirungu) ine chirongwa chemahara nezvirongwa zvinobhadharwa.

Zvinyorwa zvakashandiswa

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Magadzirirwo atakaita peji rino: rakanyorwa nechikwata cheHelibrain zvichibva pazvidzidzo zviri pamusoro, uye rakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu) (ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysics) musi wa2026 Mbudzi 4. Tinorivandudza kana manyuko akachinja.