Teko ya Tora ya Lontone

Dira paterone e e batlegang ka metsamao e mennye thata: akanya pele, o bo o tsamaisa. E tsaya metsotso e ka nna 5, ke mahala, ga go tlhokege go ikwadisa.

Ka setlhopha sa HelibrainE sekasekilwe ke Robert(Seesemane), moithuti wa PhD mo fisikeng ya ditshediE gatisitswe ka E sekasekilwe la bofelo ka

Se motshameko ono o se lekanyang

Tora ya Lontone ke malepa a bogologolo a go rulaganya a a tswang mo dipatlisisong tsa saekholoji. O tsamaisa dibolo tsa mebala magareng ga dithakhisa tse tharo tse di farologaneng ka boleele gore o dire paterone e e batlegang ka metsamao e mennye thata. E bontsha gore o kgona go akanya dikgato di le mmalwa pele o dira sengwe [1].

Ngaka ya malwetse a boboko Tim Shallice o ne a tlhama tiro eno ka 1982 go ithuta ka go rulaganya [1]. Bothata bongwe le bongwe bo na le palo e nnye thata ya metsamao, mme tiro eno e rekota gore a o fitlhelela se se batlegang ka palo eo, gore o tlhoka metsamao e mengwe e mekae, le gore o akanya lobaka lo lo kana kang pele ga motsamao wa gago wa ntlha. E tshwana go se kae le Tora ya Hanoi, mme melao le mathata a teng ga di tshwane.

Palo ya metsamao ga se yone fela e dirang gore bothata bo nne thata. Batho ba tsaya lobaka lo loleele go rulaganya mathata a paterone e e batlegang e letlang gore metsamao e dirwe ka tatelano e e farologaneng, kgotsa a a tlhokang gore o simolole ka go tlosa bolo mo tseleng, le fa palo ya metsamao e lekana [2][3][4].

Tsela e motshameko o dirang ka yone

  • Dithakhisa tse tharo di tshwara dibolo di le 3, 2 le 1. Tsamaisa bolo e le nngwe ka nako: go ka tsamaisiwa fela bolo e e kwa godimo, mme le ka motlha o se ka wa e baya mo thakhiseng e e tletseng.
  • Bothata bongwe le bongwe bo bontsha se se batlegang le metsamao e mennye thata e e ka dirisiwang go se dira. Dira se se batlegang ka metsamao eo gore o bo o rarabolola ka botlalo.
  • Mathata a le 16, go simolola ka metsamao e le 2 go fitlha go 6, mme a nna thata ka bonya ka bonya. Lengwe le lengwe le fela morago ga metsotswana e le 60 kgotsa metsamao e le 20.
  • Tinya bolo, o bo o tinya thakhisa e o batlang go e baya mo go yone, kgotsa e gogele koo. Fa o dirisa khiboto, dinotlolo tsa 1, 2 le 3 di tsaya bolo le go e baya fa fatshe.
  • Go simolola ka bothata jo bokhutshwane jwa go ikatisa (o ka bo tlola). Mo motshamekong mongwe le mongwe, dibolo di newa mebala e mesha, ka jalo fa o leka gape bo lebega bo farologane mme bo sa ntse bo le thata ka tsela e e tshwanang.

Re itiretse sete ya rona ya mathata. Re ne ra dirisa khomphiutha go batla mo maemong otlhe a le 36 a dibolo, mme ra tlhomamisa gore palo e nnye thata ya metsamao mo bothateng bongwe le bongwe e nepagetse; gape, go simolola ka metsamao e le 3, bothata bongwe le bongwe bo na le tharabololo e le nngwe fela e e dirisang metsamao e mennye thata. Dipaterone tse di batlegang di kopanya mefuta e meraro ya dibopego tse babatlisisi ba di farologanyang: dibolo tsotlhe mo thakhiseng e le nngwe, tse pedi mo go nngwe le e nngwe mo go e nngwe, le bolo e le nngwe mo thakhiseng nngwe le nngwe [2].

Tsela ya go tlhaloganya maduo a gago

  • Go rarabolotswe ka metsamao e mennye thata: maduo a gago a konokono, palo ya mathata a o a rarabolotseng ka botlalo.
  • Metsamao e e oketsegileng: metsamao e e fetang palo e nnye thata, mo mathateng a o a rarabolotseng.
  • Go akanya pele ga motsamao wa ntlha: lobaka lo o lebelelang pele o ama bolo. Babatlisisi ba bitsa seno nako ya ntlha ya go rulaganya.
  • Tsela e o rarabolotseng ka yone: karolo ya nako ya gago e e feditsweng o akanya pele ga motsamao wa ntlha mo mathateng a a thata go feta. Karolo e kgolwane e kaya gore o ne wa rulaganya bontsi jwa tharabololo mo mogopolong pele.

Mo patlisisong e nngwe ya bagolo ba le 179, batho ba ba neng ba fetsa karolo e kgolwane ya nako ya bone ba rulaganya pele ga motsamao wa ntlha ba ne ba rata go rarabolola mathata a mantsi ka metsamao e mennye thata [5]. Go bolelela batho gore ba rulaganye pele go ne ga thusa mo patlisisong e nngwe [6], mme ga a ka ga thusa mo go e nngwe, kwa batho ba neng ba rulaganya lobaka lo loleele mme ba sa tokafatse tsela e ba tsamayang ka yone [7]. Ka jalo, tsaya “tsela e o rarabolotseng ka yone” e le tlhaloso ya motshameko ono fela, e seng molao.

Fa batho ba le bantsi ba setse ba tshamekile, maduo a gago gape a bontsha maemo a gago fa a bapisiwa le a batshameki ba bangwe ba motshameko ono, ka setlhopha: kwa tlase ga se se tlwaelegileng, se se tlwaelegileng kgotsa kwa godimo ga se se tlwaelegileng. Ke setlhopha, e seng maemo a a tlhamaletseng, ka gonne motshameko o le mongwe wa tiro eno o bontsha fela ka kakaretso gore o rulaganya jang (bona fa tlase). Batshameki ba bangwe ke baeng ba webosaete eno, e seng setlhopha se se emelang batho botlhe.

Maduo a a tlwaelegileng ke afe?

Ga go na maduo a tlwaelegileng a mofuta ono. Mo mofuteng wa patlisiso o o nang le mathata a le 24 a a thata go feta (metsamao e le 4 go ya go 6), bagolo ba bannye ba ne ba rarabolola ka palogare a ka nna 17 mo go a le 24 ka metsamao e mennye thata, mme bagolo ba dingwaga di le 61 go ya go 77 ba rarabolola a ka nna 13 [8]. Mathata a rona, dinako tse di lekanyeditsweng le disekerini di farologane, ka jalo dinomoro tseno di go naya seemo sa tshedimosetso, e seng selekanyo sa go bapisa maduo.

Se motshameko ono o ka go bolelelang le se o ka se go boleleleng

Tora ya Lontone e dirisiwa mo dipatlisisong tsa go rulaganya le mo tlhatlhobong ya tsa kalafi, mme tsebe eno ke motshameko, e seng teko ya kalafi. Ga e lekanye botlhale, mme motshameko o le mongwe o bontsha seemo sa nakwana: letsapa le sedirisiwa se o se dirisang di fetola tsela e o dirang ka yone.

Mo patlisisong ya bagolo ba bannye ba le 79 ba ba neng ba tshameka Tora ya Lontone ya khomphiutha gabedi, go kgaogantswe ka dibeke tse pedi, maduo a bone a metsamao mo malatsing ao a ne a dumalana go le gonnye fela (kamano ya 0.15), fa ba ne ba nna bonako go rarabolola [9]. Ka jalo, tsaya maduo a le mangwe e le kaelo e e akaretsang fela, mme o lebe maiteko a le mmalwa mo malatsing a a farologaneng go na le go ikaega ka nomoro e le nngwe.

Dipotso tse di botswang gantsi

Teko ya Tora ya Lontone e lekanya eng?

E lekanya go rulaganya: go akanya ka tatelano ya metsamao mo mogopolong pele o e dira. Maduo a konokono ke gore o rarabolola mathata a le makae ka metsamao e mennye thata. Babatlisisi gape ba lebelela lobaka lo batho ba akanyang ka lone pele ga motsamao wa ntlha le metsamao e mengwe e ba e dirang [1][5].

A Tora ya Lontone e tshwana le Tora ya Hanoi?

Nnyaa. Mo go tsone tsoopedi o tsamaisa dilo magareng ga dithakhisa tse tharo, mme mo Toreng ya Hanoi o tsamaisa mokoa wa didisiki tse di bogolo jo bo farologaneng mme ga o a tshwanela go baya sedisiki se segolwane mo godimo ga se sennye. Mo Toreng ya Lontone dibolo di lekana ka bogolo, dithakhisa di tshwara dipalo tse di farologaneng tsa dibolo, mme bothata bongwe le bongwe bo na le paterone ya jone e e batlegang.

A go botoka go rulaganya pele kgotsa go leka metsamao?

Fa go bapisiwa batho, ba ba fetsang karolo e kgolwane ya nako ba rulaganya pele ga motsamao wa ntlha ba rata go dira metsamao e se kae e e oketsegileng [5]. Mme go bolelelwa gore o rulaganye lobaka lo loleele ga go thuse ka metlha [7]. Leka ditsela tseno tsoopedi mme o bone gore ke efe e e go siametseng.

A teko ya Tora ya Lontone ya Helibrain ke mahala?

Ee. Motshameko le maduo a gago otlhe ke mahala: ga go tlhokege go ikwadisa, imeile kgotsa go duela. Helibrain e amogela madi mo app ya yone, e o sa e tlhokeng go tshameka motshameko ono.

Diteko tse di amanang

Bona diteko tsotlhe tsa mahala tsa boboko di le 43

A o batla go dira seno letsatsi le letsatsi? App ya Helibrain (e teng ka Seesemane fela ga jaana) e na le leano la mahala le a a duelwang.

Metswedi

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Tsela e re dirileng tsebe eno ka yone: e kwadilwe ke setlhopha sa Helibrain go ikaegilwe ka dipatlisiso tse di umakilweng fa godimo, mme ya sekasekwa ke Robert(Seesemane) (moithuti wa PhD ya fisikaboko) ka 2026 Ngwanatsele 4. Re e ntšhwafatsa fa metswedi e fetoga.