Mayeso a Tower of London

Fananitsani kapangidwe ka cholinga pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri: konzani pasadakhale, kenako sunthani. Pafupifupi mphindi 5, aulere, osafunika kulembetsa.

Wolemba: gulu la HelibrainYawunikidwa ndi Robert(Chingelezi), wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysicsLofalitsidwa Linawunikidwanso komaliza pa

Zimene masewerawa amayesa

Tower of London ndi chithunzithunzi chodziwika bwino chokonzekera, chochokera ku kafukufuku wa zamaganizo. Mumasuntha mipira yamitundu pakati pa mitengo itatu yosiyana kutalika kuti mufanane ndi kapangidwe ka cholinga pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri. Zimasonyeza mmene mumaganizira pasadakhale masitepe angapo musanachite kanthu [1].

Katswiri wa zamaganizo a ubongo Tim Shallice anakonza ntchitoyi mu 1982 kuti aphunzire za kukonzekera [1]. Vuto lililonse lili ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha mayendedwe, ndipo ntchitoyi imalemba ngati mwakwaniritsa cholinga ndi chiwerengerocho, mayendedwe owonjezera amene munafunika, komanso nthawi imene munaganiza musanasunthe koyamba. Imafanana pang’ono ndi Tower of Hanoi, koma malamulo ndi mavuto ake n’zosiyana.

Chiwerengero cha mayendedwe si chokhacho chimene chimapangitsa vuto kukhala lovuta. Mavuto amene cholinga chake chimalola kusankha dongosolo la mayendedwe, kapena amene amafuna kuti muyambe kusuntha mpira kuti muchotse panjira, amatenga anthu nthawi yaitali kukonzekera, ngakhale ali ndi mayendedwe ofanana [2][3][4].

Mmene masewerawa amagwirira ntchito

  • Mitengo itatu imakhala ndi mipira 3, 2 ndi 1. Sunthani mpira umodzi nthawi imodzi: mpira wa pamwamba wokha ndi umene ungasunthidwe, ndipo musausunthire pa mtengo wodzaza kale.
  • Vuto lililonse limasonyeza cholinga ndi mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri amene angachigwiritse ntchito. Fananitsani cholingacho ndi chiwerengerocho kuti mukwaniritse bwino kwambiri.
  • Mavuto 16, kuyambira mayendedwe 2 mpaka 6, ndipo akuvuta pang’onopang’ono. Iliyonse imatha pakatha masekondi 60 kapena mayendedwe 20.
  • Dinani mpira, kenako dinani mtengo woti muuyikirepo, kapena muukoke. Pa kiyibodi, makiyi 1, 2 ndi 3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula ndi kuyika pansi.
  • Poyamba pamakhala vuto lalifupi loyeserera (mukhoza kulidumpha). Masewera aliwonse amapatsa mipirayo mitundu yatsopano, choncho mukayesanso amaoneka osiyana koma amakhala ovuta mofanana.

Tinapanga mavuto athuathu. Kafukufuku wa pakompyuta amene anafufuza malo onse 36 a mipirayo anatsimikizira kuti chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha mayendedwe pa vuto lililonse n’cholondola, ndipo kuyambira pa mayendedwe 3 kupita m’tsogolo, vuto lililonse lili ndi njira imodzi yokha yaifupi kwambiri. Zolinga zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe atatu amene ofufuza amasinthasintha: mipira yonse pa mtengo umodzi, iwiri pa umodzi ndi umodzi pa wina, komanso mpira umodzi pa mtengo uliwonse [2].

Mmene mungamvetsetsere zotsatira zanu

  • Mavuto amene mwathetsa ndi mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri: zotsatira zanu zazikulu, chiwerengero cha mavuto amene mwathetsa mwangwiro.
  • Mayendedwe owonjezera: mayendedwe opitirira chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri, pa mavuto amene munathetsa.
  • Nthawi yoganiza musanasunthe koyamba: nthawi imene munayang’ana musanakhudze mpira. Ofufuza amatcha nthawi imeneyi nthawi yoyamba yokonzekera.
  • Mmene munathetsela: gawo la nthawi yanu limene munathera musanasunthe koyamba pa mavuto ovuta kwambiri. Gawo lalikulu limatanthauza kuti munakonza zambiri za yankho m’maganizo mwanu poyamba.

Mu kafukufuku wina wa akuluakulu 179, anthu amene anathera gawo lalikulu la nthawi yawo pokonzekera asanasunthe koyamba ankakonda kuthetsa mavuto ambiri ndi mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri [5]. Kuuza anthu kuti akonzekere kaye kunathandiza pa kafukufuku wina [6], koma sikunathandize pa wina, pomwe anthu anakonzekera kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kusintha bwino mayendedwe awo [7]. Choncho, tenga “mmene munathetsela” ngati kufotokoza za masewera amenewa, osati lamulo.

Anthu okwanira akasewera, zotsatira zanu zidzasonyezanso malo anu pakati pa osewera ena a masewerawa, ngati gulu limodzi mwa awa: pansi pa mmene zimakhalira nthawi zambiri, mmene zimakhalira nthawi zambiri, kapena pamwamba pa mmene zimakhalira nthawi zambiri. Ndi gulu, osati udindo weniweni, chifukwa masewera amodzi okha a ntchitoyi amangopereka chithunzi choyerekeza cha mmene mumakonzekera (onani pansipa). Osewera enawo ndi alendo a patsamba lino, osati gulu loyimira anthu onse.

Kodi zotsatira zabwinobwino zimakhala zotani?

Palibe miyezo yokhazikika ya mtundu uwu. Mu mtundu wa kafukufuku wokhala ndi mavuto ovuta 24 (mayendedwe 4 mpaka 6), achinyamata anatha pafupifupi 17 mwa 24 ndi mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri, ndipo akuluakulu azaka 61 mpaka 77 anatha pafupifupi 13 [8]. Mavuto athu, malire a nthawi ndi zowonetsera n’zosiyana, choncho manambalawa akuthandizeni kumvetsa nkhaniyo, osati kukupatsani muyezo wodziyesera nawo.

Zimene masewerawa angakuuzeni ndi zimene sangakuuzeni

Tower of London imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kafukufuku wokhudza kukonzekera komanso poyesa anthu m’zipatala, koma tsamba lino lili ndi masewera, osati mayeso a kuchipatala. Sayesa luntha, ndipo masewera amodzi amangojambula mmene mulili panthawiyo: kutopa ndi chipangizo chimene mukugwiritsa ntchito zimasintha mmene mumachitira.

Mu kafukufuku wa achinyamata 79 amene anasewera Tower of London ya pakompyuta kawiri, patadutsa milungu iwiri, zotsatira zawo za mayendedwe pa masiku awiriwo zinali zogwirizana pang’ono chabe (kugwirizana kwa 0.15), pamene anathetsa mavuto mofulumira kwambiri [9]. Choncho, tenga zotsatira imodzi ngati chitsogozo choyerekeza, ndipo yang’ana mayesero angapo masiku osiyanasiyana m’malo modalira nambala imodzi.

Mafunso amene amafunsidwa kawirikawiri

Kodi mayeso a Tower of London amayesa chiyani?

Amayesa kukonzekera: kuganizira m’mutu mwanu dongosolo la mayendedwe musanachite zimenezo. Chotsatira chachikulu ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto amene mumathetsa ndi mayendedwe ochepa kwambiri. Ofufuza amaonanso nthawi imene anthu amaganiza asanasunthe koyamba komanso mayendedwe owonjezera amene amachita [1][5].

Kodi Tower of London ndi yofanana ndi Tower of Hanoi?

Ayi. Masewera onsewa amasuntha zidutswa pakati pa mitengo itatu, koma mu Tower of Hanoi mumasuntha mulu wa ma disk a makulidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo simuloledwa kuyika disk yaikulu pa yaing’ono. Mu Tower of London mipirayo ndi yofanana kukula, mitengo imasiyana chiwerengero cha mipira imene ingasunge, ndipo vuto lililonse lili ndi kapangidwe kake ka cholinga.

Kodi ndi bwino kukonzekera kaye kapena kuyesa kusuntha?

Pakati pa anthu, amene amathera gawo lalikulu la nthawi yawo pokonzekera asanasunthe koyamba amakonda kuchita mayendedwe owonjezera ochepa [5]. Koma kuuzidwa kuti akonzekere kwa nthawi yaitali sikuthandiza nthawi zonse [7]. Yesani njira zonse ziwiri kuti muone imene ikukuyenderani.

Kodi mayeso a Tower of London a Helibrain ndi aulere?

Inde. Masewerawa ndi zotsatira zanu zonse ndi zaulere: palibe kulembetsa, imelo kapena kulipira. Helibrain imapeza ndalama kuchokera ku pulogalamu yake, imene simukufunikira pa masewerawa.

Mayeso ena okhudzana nawo

Onani mayeso onse a ubongo aulere okwana 43

Mukufuna kuchita zimenezi tsiku ndi tsiku? Pulogalamu ya Helibrain (yomwe ilipo m’Chingelezi pakadali pano) ili ndi dongosolo laulere komanso madongosolo olipira.

Magwero

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Mmene tinakonzekerera tsambali: gulu la Helibrain linalilemba potengera maphunziro amene alembedwa pamwambapa, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysics) analiyang’ananso pa November 4, 2026. Timalisintha magwero akasintha.