Mayeso a Nthawi Yoyankhira

Mumayankha mofulumira bwanji? Dinani bwalo likasanduka lobiriwira. Zimatenga pafupifupi miniti imodzi ndipo ndi zaulere: palibe kulembetsa kapena imelo, ndipo zotsatira zanu zonse zikuoneka pano.

Wolemba: gulu la HelibrainYawunikidwa ndi Robert(Chingelezi), wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysicsLofalitsidwa Linawunikidwanso komaliza pa

Mmene mungamvetsere chiwerengero chanu

  • Avareji ya nthawi yoyankhira: avareji ya nthawi ya madinidwe anu oyezedwa, mu ma milliseconds (ms). Nambala yochepa imatanthauza mofulumira.
  • Dinani kofulumira kwambiri: dinani kumodzi komwe kunali kofulumira kwambiri. Dinani kamodzi kongochitika mwamwayi sikunena zambiri ngati avareji.
  • Madinidwe ochedwa: madinidwe ochedwa kuposa 500 ms. Ofufuza za tulo amawatcha nthawi zosowa chidwi, ndipo amachuluka munthu akagona kwakanthawi kochepa [1].
  • Madinidwe oyambirira: madinidwe amene achitika bwalo lisanasanduke lobiriwira, kapena pasanathe 100 ms; nthawi imeneyi ndi yaifupi kwambiri moti si yankho lenileni. Sawaphatikiza mu avareji yanu.

Tchati chikusonyeza maavareji a anthu a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana oyezera mu labotale. Msakatuli amayeza pang’onopang’ono kuposa zipangizo za labotale (onani pansipa), choncho gwiritsani ntchito tchatichi kuona mmene zikuyendera ndipo yerekezerani nambala yanu ndi zimene munapeza poyesa koyambirira.

Tchati cha madontho chosonyeza avareji ya nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira malinga ndi gulu la zaka, pa zipangizo za labotale: 218 ms pa zaka 18–24, 221 pa 25–31, 225 pa 32–38, 228 pa 39–45, 234 pa 46–51, 236 pa 51–58 ndi 239 ms pa 59–65.
Chithunzi 1. Avareji ya nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira malinga ndi zaka, yoyezedwa ndi zipangizo za labotale zoyezera nthawi molondola: 218 ms pa zaka 18–24, 221 pa 25–31, 225 pa 32–38, 228 pa 39–45, 234 pa 46–51, 236 pa 51–58 ndi 239 ms pa 59–65. Zambiri: Woods 2015, akuluakulu 1,469 ku New Zealand; kuchedwa kwa sikirini ndi mbewa sikunachotsedwe [2].

Kodi nthawi yabwino yoyankhira ndi iti?

Nthawi yachizolowezi yoyankhira chizindikiro chimodzi pa zipangizo za labotale zolondola ndi pafupifupi 230 ms. Pa akuluakulu 1,469 azaka 18 mpaka 65, avareji inali 231 ms; kuyambira 218 ms pa zaka 18–24 kufika 239 ms pa zaka 59–65 [2]. Mayeso a pa msakatuli amayeza pang’onopang’ono, chifukwa mafoni ndi makompyuta amawonjezera kuchedwa kwawo: 58 mpaka 133 ms pa kufufuza kumodzi kwa labotale [3]. Choncho yerekezerani chiwerengero chanu ndi zimene munapeza poyesa koyambirira.

Mfundo zachidule

  • Zimene zimayeza: nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira, kutanthauza nthawi yoyankha chizindikiro chimodzi choyembekezeredwa mwa kuchita kayendedwe kamodzi. Mayesowa ndi mtundu wa PVT (Psychomotor Vigilance Test) wa miniti imodzi, ntchito yofufuza tcheru [4].
  • Chiwerengero chachizolowezi: avareji ya 231 ms mwa akuluakulu 1,469, pogwiritsa ntchito sikirini ya labotale ndi mbewa ya masewera. Kusiyana pakati pa anthu (kupatuka kokhazikika kumodzi) kunali pafupifupi 27 ms [2].
  • Zaka: nthawi yoyankhira imachedwa pafupifupi 0.55 ms chaka chilichonse pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 65 [2]. Mwa akuluakulu 7,130 a ku UK, nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira sinachedwe kwambiri mpaka pafupifupi zaka 50 [5].
  • Chida: akuluakulu 44 omwewo anapeza avareji ya 284 ms pogwiritsa ntchito bokosi la mabatani la labotale ndi 379 ms pa mtundu wa mayeso omwewo wa sikirini yogwira [6].
  • Tulo: kusagona mokwanira kumachedwetsa mayankho ndipo kumawonjezera nthawi zosowa chidwi, zomwe zimakhala theka la sekondi kapena kuposerapo [1].

Mmene mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira amagwirira ntchito

Masitepe atatu: 1, dikirani bwalo la imvi kwa nthawi yosankhidwa mwachisawawa; 2, dinani likangosanduka lobiriwira; 3, nthawi kuyambira bwalo kusanduka lobiriwira mpaka mutadina imalembedwa, ndipo maulendo amabwerezedwa.
Chithunzi 2. Ulendo umodzi wa mayesowa. Nthawi yodikira imasankhidwa mwachisawawa, choncho simungadziwiretu nthawi yoti mudinire.
  1. Dinani likasanduka lobiriwira. Dinani, dinani batani la mbewa, kapena kanikizani Space kapena Enter.

Iyi ndi mayeso omwewo amene ali mu pulogalamu ya Helibrain. Tsambali limayamba kuwerenga nthawi likauza msakatuli wanu kusonyeza bwalo lobiriwira, ndipo limasiya mukadina. Choncho nthawi yanu imaphatikizapo kuchedwa kwa sikirini yanu komanso mbewa, kiyibodi kapena sikirini yogwira, kumene tsamba la pa intaneti silingathe kuyeza.

Kodi n’chiyani chimakhudza nthawi yanu yoyankhira?

  • Chida chanu. Pakufufuza kwa labotale, masamba a pa intaneti anawonjezera 58 mpaka 133 ms pa yankho lililonse, malinga ndi chida ndi msakatuli [3]. Ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito batani la mtundu wa labotale, asakatuli anawonjezera 8 mpaka 67 ms [7]. Pa sikirini yogwira, chala chanu chimafunikanso kuyenda kukafika pagalasi, zomwe zinawonjezera pafupifupi 95 ms pa kafukufuku umodzi [6].
  • Tulo. Mutakhala usiku osagona, kapena mutagona mausiku angapo kwakanthawi kochepa, mayankho amachedwa ndipo nthawi zochedwa kwambiri zimachuluka [1]. Kuyeza nthawi zochedwa ndi liwiro kumazindikira kusinthaku bwino [8].
  • Nthawi ya tsiku. Chidwi chimatsatira kayendedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa munthu amene amagona kuyambira 11 pm mpaka 7 am, mayankho amachedwa kwambiri usiku ndi m’mawa kwambiri, ndipo amakhala abwino masana ndi kumayambiriro kwa madzulo [9].
  • Kafeini. Ndemanga yayikulu ya kafukufuku inapeza kuti pafupifupi 40 mpaka 300 mg ya kafeini imawonjezera tcheru, chidwi chokhazikika ndi liwiro loyankhira [10].
  • Mowa. Pa kafukufuku woyerekezera ndi mankhwala opanda mphamvu, wa amuna 16 achichepere, mowa umene unakweza mowa m’magazi kufika pafupifupi 0.07% unachedwetsa nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira pafupifupi 43 ms pamene zotsatira zake zinali zazikulu kwambiri [11].
  • Zaka. Kusiyana pakati pa gulu laling’ono kwambiri ndi lalikulu kwambiri pa Chithunzi 1 ndi pafupifupi 21 ms. Kafukufukuyu anayerekezera kuti nthawi yowonjezerayo imachokera pakuyambitsa kayendedwe, osati poona chizindikiro [2].
  • Kuzolowera. Nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira imasintha pang’ono kwambiri chifukwa chochita mobwerezabwereza. Pa akuluakulu 48 omwe anayezedwa kamodzi pa sabata kwa masabata atatu, avareji inasintha ndi zosakwana 3 ms [12]. Pa kafukufuku 36, anthu anakhala othamanga pang’ono poyesanso kachiwiri, kenako liwiro linakhazikika [13].
  • Masewera a pakompyuta a kuchitapo kanthu. Anthu omwe amakonda kusewera masewera ochitapo kanthu anayankha mofulumira pafupifupi 11% kuposa omwe sasewera, molondola mofanana, makamaka pa ntchito zosankha [14]. Ambiri mwa kafukufukuyu anayerekezera anthu omwe ankasewera kale, choncho mwina masewerawo si amene anayambitsa kusiyanako.
Tchati cha mizati chosonyeza ma milliseconds owonjezera: sikirini ndi mbewa za labotale 18 ms; zaka 18–24 poyerekezera ndi 59–65, 21 ms; mowa wokhala ndi pafupifupi 0.07% m'magazi, 43 ms; msakatuli wokhala ndi batani la labotale, 8 mpaka 67 ms; tsamba la pa intaneti pa mafoni ndi makompyuta onyamulika, 58 mpaka 133 ms; sikirini yogwira poyerekezera ndi batani la labotale, 95 ms.
Chithunzi 3. Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera ma milliseconds pa nthawi yoyankhira, monga zinayesedwa m’kafukufuku wofalitsidwa. Zambiri: Woods 2015 [2]; Pérez-Mañá 2022 [11]; Bridges 2020 [7]; Pronk 2020 [3]; Grandner 2018 [6].

Zimene mayesowa angakuuzeni ndi zimene sangakuuzeni

Mayesowa amayeza mmene mumayankhira mofulumira chizindikiro chimodzi choyembekezeredwa, panopa komanso pa chida ichi. Sayesa nzeru, kuthekera koyendetsa galimoto kapena matenda aliwonse, ndipo si njira yodziwira matenda.

Kuchedwa kwa chida ndi malire aakulu kwambiri: n’kokulirapo kuposa kusiyana konse kwa zaka pa Chithunzi 1, ndipo kumasiyana pa zida zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri poyerekezera munthu wina ndi mnzake [3]. Choncho yerekezerani nambala yanu ndi zotsatira zanu zakale pa chida ndi msakatuli womwewo.

Miniti imodzi imangosonyeza mmene mulili panthawiyo. Mitundu yaifupi ya PVT imazindikirabe kusagona mokwanira, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa kuposa za mtundu wa mphindi 10 [15]. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi nthawi yanu yoyankhira, mwachitsanzo pambuyo pa matenda kapena kuyamba mankhwala atsopano, lankhulani ndi dokotala.

Mafunso amene anthu amafunsa kawirikawiri

Kodi 200 ms ndi nthawi yabwino yoyankhira?

Inde, 200 ms ndi yachangu pa mayeso osavuta a nthawi yoyankhira a pa msakatuli. Pa zipangizo zolondola za labotale, akuluakulu azaka 18–24 anapeza avareji ya 218 ms, ndipo inali pafupifupi 200 ms atachotsa kuchedwa kwa sikirini ndi mbewa za labotaleyo [2]. Asakatuli ndi mafoni amawonjezera kuchedwa kuposa zipangizo za labotale [3]. Pa tsamba limodzi lodziwika la mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira, pakati pa madinidwe oposa 81 miliyoni panali 273 ms [16].

Kodi avareji ya nthawi yoyankhira imasiyana bwanji ndi zaka?

Pa kafukufuku wa labotale wa akuluakulu 1,469, avareji ya nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira inakwera pang’onopang’ono ndi zaka: 218 ms pa zaka 18–24, 228 ms pa 39–45 ndi 239 ms pa 59–65, pafupifupi theka la millisecond pachaka [2]. Pa kafukufuku wa akuluakulu 7,130 ku UK, nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira sinasinthe kwambiri mpaka pafupifupi zaka 50, pamene nthawi yoyankhira posankha pakati pa zinthu zingapo inachedwa munthu akamakula [5].

N’chifukwa chiyani nthawi yanga yoyankhira imachedwa pa foni?

Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira pa foni amawonjezera kuchedwa kuwiri. Chala chanu chiyenera kuyenda kukafika pagalasi, ndipo foni ndi msakatuli zimafuna nthawi kuti zilembetse kukhudza. Akuluakulu omwewo 44 atayesa ntchito ya tcheru pa bokosi la mabatani la labotale ndi pa sikirini yogwira, avareji yawo inali 284 ms ndi 379 ms [6]. Yerekezerani zotsatira za foni ndi za foni.

Kodi ndingawonjezere liwiro langa loyankhira?

Kuzolowera kumasintha pang’ono kwambiri nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira: pa kafukufuku wa masabata atatu, maavareji anasintha ndi zosakwana 3 ms [12]. Tulo, tcheru ndi chida zimakhudza kwambiri: kusagona mokwanira kumachedwetsa mayankho [1], ndipo kafeini wochepa kapena wapakatikati amathandiza kufulumizitsa nthawi yoyankhira [10].

Kodi mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira a Helibrain ndi aulere ndithu?

Inde. Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira a Helibrain ndi zotsatira zanu zonse ndi zaulere: palibe kulembetsa, imelo kapena malipiro, ndipo palibe chomwe chikubisidwa kuti mupemphe "lipoti lonse". Helibrain imapeza ndalama kuchokera ku pulogalamu yake, yomwe ili ndi mapulani aulere ndi olipira; simufunikira pulogalamuyo kuti muyese kapena kuona zotsatira zanu.

Kodi mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira ndi ofanana ndi mayeso a reflex?

Ayi. Mayeso a reflex, monga kugogoda bondo kochitidwa ndi dokotala, amayesa yankho lodziwikiratu limene limachitika popanda kusankha. Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira amayesa yankho lodzifunira: mumaona chizindikiro, mumasankha, kenako mumayenda. Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira a Helibrain amayesa liwiro lodzifuniralo, choncho sanena chilichonse chokhudza ma reflex kapena mitsempha yanu.

Mayeso ena okhudzana nawo

Onani mayeso onse a ubongo aulere okwana 43

Mukufuna kuchita zimenezi tsiku ndi tsiku? Pulogalamu ya Helibrain (yomwe ilipo m’Chingelezi pakadali pano) ili ndi dongosolo laulere komanso madongosolo olipira.

Mafunso ofala

Magwero

  1. Lim J, Dinges DF (2008). Kusowa tulo ndi chidwi chokhalabe tcheru. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1129:305–322. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1417.002
  2. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B (2015). Zinthu zimene zimakhudza nthawi yoyankhira pa ntchito yosavuta. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:131. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00131 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4374455/)
  3. Pronk T, Wiers RW, Molenkamp B, Murre J (2020). Kuyeza nthawi ya zochitika za m’maganizo pogwiritsa ntchito chida chaching’ono? Kulondola kwa kuyeza nthawi m’mapulogalamu a pa intaneti pa zipangizo zokhudza pakompyuta ndi kiyibodi. Behavior Research Methods 52(3):1371–1382. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01321-2 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7280355/)
  4. Dinges DF, Powell JW (1985). Kusanthula kwa makompyuta ang’onoang’ono kwa mmene munthu amagwirira ntchito pa mayeso osavuta oona ndi maso, onyamulika, a nthawi yoyankhira, pamene akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 17(6):652–655. doi.org/10.3758/BF03200977
  5. Der G, Deary IJ (2006). Kusiyana kwa nthawi yoyankhira pakati pa zaka ndi amuna kapena akazi akakula: zotsatira za kafukufuku wa thanzi ndi moyo ku United Kingdom. Psychology and Aging 21(1):62–73. doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.62
  6. Grandner MA, Watson NF, Kay M, Ocaño D, Kientz JA (2018). Kuthana ndi kufunika kotsimikizira mayeso a tcheru la maganizo pa sikirini yogwira: zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pa kafukufuku wa thanzi la tulo. Sleep Health 4(5):387–389. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.003 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152888/)
  7. Bridges D, Pitiot A, MacAskill MR, Peirce JW (2020). Kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wa kuyeza nthawi: kuyerekezera mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana opangira zoyesera, a m’ma labotale ndi a pa intaneti. PeerJ 8:e9414. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9414
  8. Basner M, Dinges DF (2011). Kukulitsa mphamvu ya mayeso a tcheru la maganizo (PVT) pozindikira kusowa tulo. Sleep 34(5):581–591. doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.581 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3079937/)
  9. Valdez P (2019). Kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa chidwi. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 92(1):81–92. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6430172/
  10. McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR (2016). Kuwunika zotsatira za khofiini pa kuganiza, thupi ndi ntchito. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 71:294–312. doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001
  11. Pérez-Mañá C, Mateus JA, Díaz-Pellicer P, et al. (2022). Zotsatira za kusakaniza zakumwa zopatsa mphamvu ndi mowa pa luso lofunika poyendetsa galimoto. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25(1):13–25. doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab051 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8756085/)
  12. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ (2015). Zotsatira za kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza, kunamizira kusachita bwino, ndi kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo pa kuyeza molondola kwambiri nthawi yosavuta yoyankhira pa chinthu chooneka. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:540. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00540
  13. Scharfen J, Blum D, Holling H (2018). Kuchepa kwa nthawi yoyankhira chifukwa choyesedwanso m’mayeso a liwiro la maganizo: kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri. Journal of Intelligence 6(1):6. doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence6010006
  14. Dye MWG, Green CS, Bavelier D (2009). Kuonjezera liwiro lokonza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito masewera a vidiyo ochita zinthu. Current Directions in Psychological Science 18(6):321–326. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2871325/)
  15. Basner M, Mollicone D, Dinges DF (2011). Kudalirika ndi mphamvu ya mayeso achidule a tcheru la maganizo (PVT-B) pozindikira kusowa tulo kwathunthu ndi pang’ono. Acta Astronautica 69(11–12):949–959. doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.015 (nkhani yonse yaulere: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3197786/)
  16. Human Benchmark. Ziwerengero za nthawi yoyankhira (deta ya pa tsamba yochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana; njira sinasindikizidwe). humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/statistics (yofufuzidwa pa 3 Novembala 2026)

Mmene tinakonzekerera tsambali: gulu la Helibrain linalilemba potengera maphunziro amene alembedwa pamwambapa, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysics) analiyang’ananso pa November 3, 2026. Timalisintha magwero akasintha.