Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Ntchito yofufuzidwa | Chiwerengero cha anthu amene anachita nawo | Avereji ya nthawi yoyezedwa |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyankha kosavuta pa chinthu chooneka, Woods Experiment 1 | Akuluakulu 1,469, azaka 18–65 | 231 ms |
| Kuyankha kosankha pa zinthu zooneka, Woods Experiment 1 | Akuluakulu 1,466, azaka 18–65 | 550 ms |
| Ntchito yosankha, gulu la zaka 18–24 | Anthu 86 | 472 ms |
| Ntchito yosankha, gulu la zaka 59–65 | Anthu 246 | 590 ms |
Ziwerengero za ntchito yosavuta zili m’chidule cha anthu amene anayesedwa; magulu a zaka ndi avereji za ntchito yosankha zili mu Table 2. Kafukufukuyu anachitikira pamalo ofufuzira amodzi, koma anagwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa zosiyana ndi zofuna za ntchito zosiyana. Kuchotsa avereji zazikulu n’kupeza kusiyana ndi kuwerengera kofotokozera chabe, osati muyeso woyera wa gawo limodzi la maganizo. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Kodi chimasintha chiyani pakawonjezedwa kusankha?
Pa ntchito yosavuta, munthu angakonzekeretu kuyenda komweko chizindikiro chilichonse chisanabwere. Pa ntchito yosankha, amafunika kuzindikira chimene chaoneka n’kuchigwirizanitsa ndi chochita. Kafukufuku wakale wa Hick ndi Hyman akusonyeza kugwirizana kwa nthawi yoyankhira ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso m’zosankha zimene zilipo, kuphatikizapo chiwerengero ndi kuthekera kwa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
N’chifukwa chake munthu angayankhe mwamsanga akawona kuwala koma n’kutenga nthawi yaitali kusankha chochita cholondola mumasewera. Palibe kutsutsana pamenepa: ntchitozi zimafunsa zinthu zosiyana. Ntchito yosankha ya mu labotale imalamuliranso zosankha zimene zilipo; zimenezi sizingachepetse masewera enieni kapena kuyendetsa galimoto kukhala muyeso umodzi wokhazikika wa nthawi yoyankhira. Woods et al., 2015
Kodi zaka ndi kugonana ziyenera kutanthauziridwa bwanji?
Ziwerengero za magulu a zaka pamwambazi zachokera pa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe anayesedwa nthawi imodzi, osati kutsatira anthu omwewo kwa zaka zambiri. Zikufotokoza mmene ntchitoyi inalili, koma sizingalosere kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa chigoli cha munthu mmodzi chaka chilichonse. Komanso sizikutsimikizira magulu a anthu pa intaneti malinga ndi zaka kapena kusintha kokhazikika malinga ndi kugonana. Zimenezi zingafune njira yoyesera yofanana ndi miyezo yoyenerera. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kuwerengera chigoli kumaphatikizapo zolakwa komanso liwiro
Kungoyerekezera yankho mwamsanga kungachepetse nthawi yoyankhira koma n’kuwonjezera zolakwa. Choncho ntchito yosankha iyenera kufotokoza yankho lolondola, kusayankha, kapena kuyankha nthawi isanakwane. Nthawi ya avereji ya mayankho olondola siingatanthauziridwe popanda kuganizira ngati kulondola kunasintha. Kafukufuku wa Woods wa ntchito yosankha wafotokoza zotsatira zingapo, m’malo moona nthawi yokha ngati kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa mmene munthu wachitira. Woods et al., 2015
Mayankho ochedwa kwambiri kapena ofulumira kwambiri ndiponso mmene mayesero amene sanayankhidwe amasamalidwira zingasinthenso chidule cha zotsatira. Njira yochotsera mayankho opatuka kwambiri ndi mbali ya mmene chigoli chimafotokozedwera; mawebusaiti awiri okhala ndi malamulo osiyana angapereke ziwerengero zosiyana pa khalidwe lofanana. Ratcliff, 1993
Chifukwa chimene zotsatira za pa intaneti zimasiyanirana ndi tebulo
Zowonetsera, zipangizo zolowetsamo mayankho ndi makina a msakatuli zimawonjezera kuchedwa kwawo komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa nthawi. Kuyerekezera kwa kafukufuku kukusonyeza kuti nthawi zoyezedwa ndi mapulogalamu mwatsatanetsatane sizingathetse kusiyana kumeneku. Kuyerekezera ntchito yosankha pa foni ndi ntchito yosavuta yogwiritsa ntchito mbewa kumasakaniza kusankha yankho ndi kusiyana kwa zipangizo ndi kayendedwe ka thupi. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Kuti muyerekezere mwachisawawa m’njira yothandiza, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zomwezo ndipo werengani malangizo a ntchito zonse ziwiri. Yembekezerani kusiyana kotengera mtundu wa ntchito, osati kuona nambala iliyonse ngati muyeso wa liwiro lonse. Kafukufuku wa kudalirika amachenjezanso kuti kusiyana kwakukulu kwa avereji ya ntchito sikutanthauza kuti kusiyana kwa zigoli za munthu payekha ndi khalidwe lokhazikika. Hedge et al., 2017
Kuyeserera kungapangitse kugwirizanitsa chizindikiro ndi yankho kukhala kozolowereka. Zimenezi zingakhale kuphunzira kwenikweni kwa ntchitoyo, koma sizikusonyeza kuti luso la kupanga zisankho lonse lapita patsogolo. Chotsatira chothandiza pa sayansi ndi kuchita bwino pa njira yoyesera yofotokozedwa momveka bwino, posunga zolakwa ndi mikhalidwe yake. Woods et al., 2015 Hick, 1952
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira
Yambani ndi Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira kuti muone ntchito yoyankha mosavuta. Ngati muyesanso mayeso osankha monga Stroop, yerekezerani malangizo ake ndi zofunika pa kulondola musanayerekezere nthawi. Kusiyanaku si muyeso wovomerezeka wa nzeru zanu kapena luso lanu lopanga zisankho.
Mafunso ofala
Ndi ntchito iti yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi masewera a pakompyuta?
Masewera nthawi zambiri amafuna kusankha, kulosera ndi kuyenda. Ntchito yosankha yoyendetsedwa bwino imayesa mbali imodzi yokha, koma palibe mwa ntchito ziwirizi yomwe imayesa kwathunthu mmene munthu amachitira pamasewera. Woods et al., 2015
Kodi kuwirikiza chiwerengero cha zosankha kumawirikizanso nthawi yoyankhira?
Zotsatira zakale zikukhudza kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso m’zosankha zimene zilipo, osati lamulo lakuti nthawi imawirikiza nthawi zonse. Mmene zosankhazo zimagwirizanitsidwira ndi mayankho, kuthekera kwake ndiponso kapangidwe ka ntchito n’zofunika. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
Kodi ndingachotse zigoli zanga kuti ndiyeze nthawi yoganiza?
Kuchotsa ziwerengerozi kumasakaniza kusiyana kwa ntchito ndi kwa muyeso, pokhapokha ngati njira yoyesera yazilamulira. Sikungopereka chokha muyeso woyera wa nthawi ya gawo limodzi la maganizo. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Magwero
- Woods et al. (2015). Zinthu zimene zimakhudza kuchedwa kwa nthawi yoyankhira yosavuta.
- Woods et al. (2015). Kuchedwa kwa kusankha ndi kupanga yankho poonjezeka zaka pa ntchito yosankha yoyankhira pa zinthu zooneka.
- Hick (1952). Pa Liwiro Lopezera Chidziwitso.
- Hyman (1953). Chidziwitso cha chizindikiro monga chimene chimakhudza nthawi yoyankhira..
- Ratcliff (1993). Njira zothanirana ndi mayankho opatuka kwambiri pa nthawi yoyankhira..
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kulondola ndi kufika pa nthawi koyenera kwa nsanja zoyesera pa intaneti, asakatuli a pa intaneti ndi zipangizo.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Kafukufuku wamkulu woyerekezera nthawi: kufananitsa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana opangira zoyesera, a mu labotale ndi a pa intaneti.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chodabwitsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chimene ntchito zolimba zoyesa kuzindikira sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.