Ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora

Ugira icyo ukora vuba gute? Kanda uruziga ruhindutse icyatsi. Bifata hafi umunota, ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, kandi ibisubizo byawe byose ubibona hano.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya HelibrainByasuzumwe na Robert(Icyongereza), umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzimaByasohotse ku wa Byasuzumwe bwa nyuma ku wa

Uko wasobanukirwa amanota yawe

  • Impuzandengo y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora: impuzandengo y’igihe wapimye mu gukanda, mu milisekondi (ms). Umubare muto usobanura ko wagize icyo ukora vuba.
  • Gukanda kwihuse kurusha ukundi: ugukanda kumwe kwihuse kurusha ukundi. Gukanda kumwe kw’amahirwe ntikuvuga byinshi nk’impuzandengo.
  • Gukanda gutinze: gukanda kwatinze kurenza 500 ms. Abashakashatsi b’ibitotsi babyita ibihe byo kurangara, kandi birushaho kuba byinshi iyo umuntu yaryamye igihe gito [1].
  • Gukanda hakiri kare: gukanda mbere y’uko uruziga ruhinduka icyatsi, cyangwa mbere ya 100 ms, bikaba byihuse cyane ku buryo bidashobora kuba igisubizo nyacyo. Ntibishyirwa mu mpuzandengo yawe.

Imbonerahamwe igaragaza impuzandengo yo muri laboratwari hakurikijwe imyaka. Mucukumbuzi yo kuri interineti ipima gahoro kurusha ibikoresho bya laboratwari (reba hasi), bityo imbonerahamwe uyikoreshe ureba uko bigenda, maze ugereranye umubare wawe n’ibyo wapimye mbere.

Imbonerahamwe y’utudomo igaragaza impuzandengo y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe, hakurikijwe ibyiciro by’imyaka, hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya laboratwari: 218 ms ku bafite imyaka 18–24, 221 ku bafite 25–31, 225 ku bafite 32–38, 228 ku bafite 39–45, 234 ku bafite 46–51, 236 ku bafite 51–58 na 239 ms ku bafite 59–65.
Ishusho 1. Impuzandengo y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe, hakurikijwe imyaka, hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya laboratwari bipima igihe neza: 218 ms ku bafite imyaka 18–24, 221 ku bafite 25–31, 225 ku bafite 32–38, 228 ku bafite 39–45, 234 ku bafite 46–51, 236 ku bafite 51–58 na 239 ms ku bafite 59–65. Amakuru: Woods 2015, abantu bakuru 1,469 bo muri Nouvelle-Zélande; gutinda guterwa na ecran n’imbeba ntikwakuweho [2].

Igihe cyiza cyo kugira icyo ukora ni kingana iki?

Igihe gisanzwe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe, hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya laboratwari bipima neza, ni hafi 230 ms. Mu bantu bakuru 1,469 bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 65, impuzandengo yari 231 ms; yari 218 ms ku bafite imyaka 18–24 ikagera kuri 239 ms ku bafite imyaka 59–65 [2]. Ikizamini cyo muri mucukumbuzi gipima gahoro, kuko telefoni na mudasobwa na zo zitera ubukererwe: mu isuzuma rimwe rya laboratwari bwari 58 kugeza kuri 133 ms [3]. Bityo gereranya amanota yawe n’ayo wapimye mbere.

Amakuru y’ingenzi

  • Icyo gipima: igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe, ni igihe umuntu amara asubiza ikimenyetso kimwe yari ategereje akoresheje igikorwa kimwe. Iki kizamini ni uburyo bw’umunota umwe bwa Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), ikizamini cy’ubushakashatsi gipima kuba maso [4].
  • Igihe gisanzwe: impuzandengo yari 231 ms mu bantu bakuru 1,469, hakoreshejwe ecran yo muri laboratwari n’imbeba yo gukina. Itandukaniro risanzwe hagati y’abantu (standard deviation imwe) ryari hafi 27 ms [2].
  • Imyaka: hagati y’imyaka 18 na 65, buri mwaka wongeyeho igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora cyagendaga gitinda hafi 0.55 ms [2]. Mu bantu bakuru 7,130 bo mu Bwongereza, igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe nticyatinze cyane kugeza hafi ku myaka 50 [5].
  • Igikoresho: abantu 44 bamwe bapimwe, impuzandengo yabo yari 284 ms bakoresheje akabuto kabugenewe ka laboratwari, na 379 ms bakoresheje verisiyo y’ikizamini kimwe ikorerwa kuri ecran ikorwaho [6].
  • Ibitotsi: kubura ibitotsi bitinza ibisubizo kandi bikongera ibihe byo kurangara, aho igisubizo gitinda igice cy’isegonda cyangwa kirenga [1].

Uko ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora gikora

Intambwe eshatu: 1, utegereza igihe kidasanzwe uruziga rukiri ikijuju; 2, urukanda rukimara guhinduka icyatsi; 3, igihe kiri hagati yo guhinduka icyatsi no gukanda kwawe kirapimwa, maze ibyiciro bigasubirwamo.
Ishusho 2. Icyiciro kimwe cy’ikizamini. Igihe cyo gutegereza ntigiteganyijwe, bityo ntushobora kumenya mbere igihe cyo gukanda.
  1. Kanda ruhindutse icyatsi. Kanda, ukande buto y’imbeba, cyangwa ukande Space cyangwa Enter.

Iki ni ikizamini kimwe n’igikorerwa muri porogaramu ya Helibrain. Ipaji itangira kubara igihe ibwiye mucukumbuzi yawe kwerekana uruziga rw’icyatsi, ikagihagarika iyo gukanda kwawe kuyigezeho. Bityo igihe cyawe kirimo ubukererwe bwa ecran yawe n’ubw’imbeba, klavye cyangwa ecran ikorwaho; ipaji yo kuri interineti ntishobora kubupima.

Ni iki kigira ingaruka ku gihe cyawe cyo kugira icyo ukora?

  • Igikoresho cyawe. Mu isuzuma rya laboratwari, ipaji zo kuri interineti zongereyeho 58 kugeza kuri 133 ms kuri buri gisubizo, bitewe n’igikoresho na mucukumbuzi [3]. Ndetse no kuri buto yo ku rwego rwa laboratwari, mucukumbuzi zongereyeho 8 kugeza kuri 67 ms [7]. Iyo ukoresha ecran ikorwaho, urutoki rwawe na rwo rugomba kugera ku kirahure; ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko ibyo byongeragaho hafi 95 ms [6].
  • Ibitotsi. Nyuma y’ijoro utasinziriye cyangwa amajoro menshi usinzira igihe gito, ibisubizo biratinda kandi ibihe birebire byo kurangara bikaba byinshi [1]. Ibipimo byo kurangara no kwihuta bibigaragaza neza [8].
  • Igihe cy’umunsi. Kuba maso bigendera ku njyana ya buri munsi. Umuntu uryama saa 11 z’ijoro akabyuka saa 7 za mu gitondo, agira icyo akora buhoro cyane nijoro no mu rukerera, akarusha kwihuta nyuma ya saa sita no ku mugoroba utangiye [9].
  • Kafeine. Isuzuma rirambuye ry’ubushakashatsi ryasanze hafi 40 kugeza kuri 300 mg za kafeine byongera kuba maso, gukomeza kwita ku kintu no kugira icyo ukora [10].
  • Inzoga. Mu igerageza ryagereranyije inzoga n’ikinyobwa kitagira icyo gikora ku bagabo 16 bakiri bato, inzoga yazamuye urugero rw’inzoga mu maraso rugera hafi kuri 0.07%, bitinza igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe hafi 43 ms igihe ingaruka zari zikomeye kurusha ibindi [11].
  • Imyaka. Itandukaniro hagati y’itsinda rito cyane n’irikuze cyane mu Ishusho 1 ni hafi 21 ms. Ubushakashatsi bwagereranije ko igihe cyiyongereye giterwa no gutangira igikorwa, atari ukubona ikimenyetso [2].
  • Kwimenyereza. Kwimenyereza bihindura gake cyane igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe. Mu bantu 48 bapimwe rimwe mu cyumweru mu byumweru bitatu, impuzandengo yahindutseho munsi ya 3 ms [12]. Mu bushakashatsi 36, abantu bagize icyo bakora vuba ho gato ku nshuro ya kabiri, nyuma birahagarara [13].
  • Imikino yo kuri videwo isaba kugira icyo ukora vuba. Abantu bayikina buri gihe bagize icyo bakora vuba ho hafi 11% ugereranyije n’abatayikina, kandi bose bagiraga ukuri kungana; ahanini byagaragaye mu bizamini bisaba guhitamo [14]. Ubwinshi muri ubwo bushakashatsi bwagereranyije abantu bari basanzwe bayikina, bityo iyo mikino ishobora kuba atari yo yabiteye.
Imbonerahamwe y’utubari igaragaza milisekondi ziyongereyeho: ecran n’imbeba bya laboratwari 18 ms; imyaka 18–24 ugereranyije na 59–65, 21 ms; inzoga zifite urugero rwa hafi 0.07% mu maraso, 43 ms; mucukumbuzi ifite buto ya laboratwari, 8 kugeza kuri 67 ms; ipaji yo kuri interineti kuri telefoni na mudasobwa zigendanwa, 58 kugeza kuri 133 ms; ecran ikorwaho ugereranyije na buto ya laboratwari, 95 ms.
Ishusho 3. Ibintu byongerera milisekondi igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora, hakurikijwe ibipimo byasohotse. Amakuru: Woods 2015 [2]; Pérez-Mañá 2022 [11]; Bridges 2020 [7]; Pronk 2020 [3]; Grandner 2018 [6].

Ibyo iki kizamini gishobora kukubwira n’ibyo kitakubwira

Iki kizamini gipima uburyo usubiza vuba ikimenyetso kimwe wari witeze, muri aka kanya, ukoresheje iki gikoresho. Nta bwo gipima ubwenge, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ikinyabiziga cyangwa indwara iyo ari yo yose; kandi ntigisimbura isuzuma rya muganga.

Ubukererwe bw’igikoresho ni cyo kintu gikomeye kibangamira iki gipimo: burenze itandukaniro ryose ry’imyaka ryo mu Ishusho 1, kandi buratandukana bitewe n’igikoresho. Ibyo bigira ingaruka cyane iyo ugereranya umuntu n’undi [3]. Bityo gereranya umubare wawe n’amanota wapimye mbere ukoresheje igikoresho na mucukumbuzi bimwe.

Umunota umwe ugaragaza uko uhagaze muri ako kanya. N’uburyo bugufi bwa PVT buracyagaragaza ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi, ariko izo ngaruka ntiziba nyinshi nk’izigaragazwa n’uburyo bumara iminota 10 [15]. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’igihe cyawe cyo kugira icyo ukora, urugero nyuma y’indwara cyangwa utangiye umuti mushya, vugana na muganga.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Ese 200 ms ni igihe cyiza cyo kugira icyo ukora?

Yego, 200 ms ni igihe cyihuse ku kizamini cyo muri mucukumbuzi gipima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe. Ku bikoresho bya laboratwari bipima neza, impuzandengo y’abantu bakuru bafite imyaka 18–24 yari 218 ms; iyo ubukererwe bwitewe na ecran n’imbeba bya laboratwari bukuwemo, yari hafi 200 ms [2]. Mucukumbuzi na telefoni byongeraho ubukererwe burenze ubw’ibikoresho bya laboratwari [3]. Ku rubuga rumwe ruzwi rw’ibizamini by’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora, agaciro kari hagati mu manota y’abantu bakandagiye inshuro zirenga 81 million ni 273 ms [16].

Impuzandengo y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ihinduka ite uko imyaka yiyongera?

Mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari bwakorewe ku bantu bakuru 1,469, impuzandengo y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe yiyongereye buhoro uko imyaka yiyongeraga: yari 218 ms ku bafite imyaka 18–24, 228 ms ku bafite imyaka 39–45 na 239 ms ku bafite imyaka 59–65; ni hafi igice cya milisekondi buri mwaka [2]. Mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Bwongereza ku bantu bakuru 7,130, igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe nticyahindutse cyane kugeza hafi ku myaka 50, mu gihe igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora nyuma yo guhitamo cyatinze uko umuntu yakuraga [5].

Kuki igihe cyo kugira icyo nkora gitinda kuri telefoni yanjye?

Ikizamini cyo kuri telefoni cyongeraho ubukererwe bubiri. Urutoki rwawe rugomba kugera ku kirahure, kandi telefoni na mucukumbuzi bigatwara igihe kugira ngo byandike ko wakoze ku ecran. Igihe abantu 44 bamwe bakoraga ikizamini cyo gukomeza kuba maso bakoresheje buto ya laboratwari n’ecran ikorwaho, impuzandengo yabo yari 284 ms na 379 ms [6]. Gereranya amanota yo kuri telefoni n’ayo kuri telefoni.

Ese nshobora kunoza igihe cyanjye cyo kugira icyo nkora?

Kwimenyereza ntibihindura cyane igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ku kimenyetso kimwe: mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyumweru bitatu, impuzandengo zahindutseho munsi ya 3 ms [12]. Ibitotsi, kuba maso n’igikoresho bigira ingaruka kurushaho: kubura ibitotsi bitinza ibisubizo [1], kandi kafeine mu rugero ruringaniye yongera umuvuduko wo kugira icyo ukora [10].

Ese koko ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo gupima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ni ubuntu?

Yego. Ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo gupima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora n’ibisubizo byawe byose ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, nta kwishyura, kandi nta makuru ahishwe ngo azatanzwe muri “raporo yuzuye”. Helibrain yinjiza amafaranga muri porogaramu yayo, ifite gahunda y’ubuntu n’izishyurwa; ntukeneye iyo porogaramu ngo ukore ikizamini cyangwa ubone ibisubizo byawe.

Ese ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ni kimwe n’ikizamini cy’inyikomezabikorwa z’umubiri?

Oya. Ikizamini cy’inyikomezabikorwa z’umubiri, nko gukubitwa buhoro ku ivi kwa muganga, gipima igisubizo cyikora kibaho umuntu atabanje gufata icyemezo. Ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora gipima igisubizo umuntu agambiriye: ubona ikimenyetso, ugafata icyemezo, hanyuma ukimuka. Ikizamini cya Helibrain gipima uwo muvuduko w’igikorwa kigambiriwe, bityo ntacyo kivuga ku nyikomezabikorwa z’umubiri cyangwa imyakura yawe.

Ibindi bizamini bifitanye isano

Reba ibizamini byose 43 by'ubwonko by'ubuntu

Wifuza kubyitoza buri munsi? Porogaramu ya Helibrain (ubu iraboneka mu Cyongereza gusa) ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izindi zishyurwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Amasoko

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  2. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B (2015). Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gihe bifata umuntu kugira icyo akora nyuma yo kubona ikimenyetso cyoroshye. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:131. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00131 (inyandiko yuzuye iboneka ku buntu: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4374455/)
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  4. Dinges DF, Powell JW (1985). Gusesengura uko mudasobwa nto zipima imikorere mu kizamini cyoroshye cyo kureba no kugira icyo ukora, igihe ibikorwa bikomeje. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 17(6):652–655. doi.org/10.3758/BF03200977
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  6. Grandner MA, Watson NF, Kay M, Ocaño D, Kientz JA (2018). Gukemura ikibazo cyo kwemeza ko ikizamini cyo gukomeza kuba maso no kugira icyo ukora gikoresheje igikoresho cyo gukoraho cyizewe: ingingo z’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi ku buzima n’ibitotsi. Sleep Health 4(5):387–389. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.003 (inyandiko yuzuye iboneka ku buntu: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152888/)
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  8. Basner M, Dinges DF (2011). Kongera ubushobozi bw’ikizamini cyo kuguma maso no kugira icyo ukora (PVT) bwo kugaragaza ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi. Sleep 34(5):581–591. doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.581 (inyandiko yuzuye iboneka ku buntu: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3079937/)
  9. Valdez P (2019). Uko injyana z’umubiri zishingiye ku manywa n’ijoro zigira ingaruka ku kwita ku kintu. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 92(1):81–92. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6430172/
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  12. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ (2015). Ingaruka zo gusubiramo ikizamini, kwigira nk’udashoboye no gukomereka mu bwonko ku bipimo by’ukuri cyane by’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora umaze kubona ikintu. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:540. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00540
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  15. Basner M, Mollicone D, Dinges DF (2011). Ukuri n’ubushobozi bw’ikizamini kigufi cyo kuguma maso no kugira icyo ukora (PVT-B) mu kugaragaza ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi byose cyangwa bimwe. Acta Astronautica 69(11–12):949–959. doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.015 (inyandiko yuzuye iboneka ku buntu: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3197786/)
  16. Human Benchmark. Imibare y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora (amakuru y’urubuga yakusanyijwe ku bayikoresha, avuye ku bikoresho bitandukanye; nta buryo bwo kuyakusanya bwasohotse). humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/statistics (yagenzuwe ku wa 3 Ugushyingo 2026)

Uko twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'itsinda rya Helibrain rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, rusuzumwa na Robert(Icyongereza) (umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzima) ku wa 2026 Ugushyingo 3. Turuvugurura iyo amasoko y'amakuru ahindutse.