Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Urugero | Umubare | Icyo bigaragaza |
|---|---|---|
| Uburyo bwa Woods bwo gupima igikorwa cyoroshye | Igerageza 20 zo kwimenyereza, igerageza 120 zo gupima | Uburyo bumwe bwatangajwe, si umubare muto rusange |
| Urugero rw’ibarura ry’igerageza ryigenga | Igerageza zikubye inshuro 4 | Bigabanya ikosa risanzwe ho kimwe cya kabiri iyo ihindagurika rigumye ari rimwe |
| Ubushakashatsi bwa kera ku kwizerwa | Igerageza 18 z’igikorwa cyoroshye, igerageza 30 z’amahitamo abiri | Byari bihagije mu mimerere yihariye y’ubwo bushakashatsi |
Imibare yo mu bushakashatsi bwa kera yavuye kuri Hamsher na Benton, kandi incamake yabwo igarukira ku mimerere y’ubwo bushakashatsi. Ntigomba gufatwa nk’itegeko ryemeza ko umukino wo kuri mushakisha wo muri iki gihe wizewe. Kwizerwa bireba niba igipimo gisobanuwe gishobora kongera kuboneka; imbaraga zo kumenya ingaruka zo zireba amahirwe yo kubona ingaruka isobanuwe. Ibyo bibazo bifitanye isano ariko biratandukanye. de S. Hamsher et al., 1977 Miller, 2023
Impamvu gusubiramo igikorwa kimwe bifasha
Iyo igerageza ryose ryaba ryigenga kandi ihindagurika ntirihinduke, ikosa risanzwe ry’impuzandengo ryangana n’ihindagurika ry’igerageza rigabanyijwe n’imizi ya kare y’umubare w’igerageza. Urugero rwo gukuba inshuro enye rukomoka kuri iryo bara. Igerageza ryo mu buzima busanzwe rishobora kutuzuza ibyo bitekerezo kuko abantu biga, bananirwa cyangwa bagahindura uburyo bakoresha. Bityo, ibara ry’umubare w’igerageza ni icyitegererezo, si isezerano ry’uko amanota y’umuntu azahora atajegajega. Miller, 2023
Isesengura ryo muri iki gihe ku mubare w’igerageza rinerekana ko ingaruka zishobora guhinduka uko umuntu amenyera. Igerageza nyinshi ntiziba gusa ari kopi nyinshi z’igerageza rya mbere ridahinduka. Igishushanyo cy’ubushakashatsi kigomba guhitamo igipimo no kuzirikana uko igikorwa gihinduka mu gihe cy’isomo. Miller, 2023
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwo kwizerwa ushaka?
Guhorana amanota amwe mu isuzuma rimwe bitandukanye no kuyahorana mu minsi itandukanye cyangwa guhora urutonde rw’abantu rumeze kimwe. Ubushakashatsi ku kibazo cyo kwizerwa bwerekana ko ibikorwa bishobora kugaragaza neza ingaruka z’itsinda, ariko ntibipime neza itandukaniro hagati y’abantu. Ingaruka nini y’impuzandengo mu kizamini cya Stroop cyangwa mu gihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ntihita ituma amanota y’igihe gito akwiriye gukoreshwa mu kugena umwanya umuntu ariho mu ijanisha. Hedge et al., 2017
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Impuzandengo, agaciro ko hagati n’agaciro gato cyane bisubiza ibibazo bitandukanye
Igisubizo cyihuta kurusha ibindi gipima ikindi kintu kiranga imikorere ugereranyije n’impuzandengo. Kigira ingaruka cyane ku mubare w’amahirwe umuntu ahabwa. Ibisubizo bitinda cyane bishobora kuzamura impuzandengo, mu gihe kubikuramo nta tegeko ryabanje kugenwa bishobora kubogamisha igisubizo. Ubushakashatsi ku bisubizo bitinda cyane mu gupima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora butuma ari ngombwa kudahindura amategeko yo gutanga amanota mbere yo kugereranya amasuzuma. Ratcliff, 1993
Ubushakashatsi ku bitotsi bugaragaza impamvu guhitamo igipimo ari ingenzi: abashakashatsi bakoresha ikizamini cyo gukomeza kuba maso no kugira icyo ukora batandukanya ibisubizo bitinda n’ibitagaragaza icyo umuntu yakoze, bakabigereranya n’incamake y’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora. Ntidukwiye gufata ko umukino w’igihe gito utanga igisubizo cyiza muri byinshi upima intege nke ziterwa no kubura ibitotsi kimwe n’ikizamini kirekire cyo gukomeza kuba maso. Basner et al., 2011
Ni iki gihindura umubare w’igerageza usa n’ukenewe?
Guhindagurika kw’igihe gupimwa n’igikoresho byongera ihindagurika, naho gutinda kudahinduka kw’igikoresho kongera kubogama. Igerageza nyinshi zishobora gufasha ku gihindagurika kwa mbere ariko ntizikuraho gutinda kwa kabiri binyuze mu guhuza igikoresho n’igipimo nyacyo. Isuzuma ry’ibihe n’ibisubizo byo guhuza ibikoresho n’igipimo muri laboratwari byombi bishyigikira gutandukanya izo nkomoko z’amakosa. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020 Woods et al., 2015
Niba ukurikirana uko uhinduka mu buryo butari ubw’ubushakashatsi, hitamo uburyo bworoshye gukurikiza, ukoreshe umubare umwe w’amahirwe buri gihe, kandi wandike ibisubizo byose warangije aho kwandika gusa ibyiza kurusha ibindi. Fata ibi nk’uburyo bwo kugereranya, si amabwiriza yemejwe agena umubare muto wihariye. Niba ushaka kumenya umwanya ugereranyije n’abandi mu ijanisha ry’ubushakashatsi, igikorwa gikenera itsinda ry’abantu bahagarariye abo kigenewe, ibipimo byerekana kwizerwa ndetse n’igerageza rihagije. Hedge et al., 2017 Miller, 2023
Imyaka, kwitegura n’ibitotsi na byo bishobora guhindura imikorere mu isuzuma cyangwa hagati y’amasuzuma. Kugumana imimerere isa uko bishoboka bituma kugereranya byumvikana kurushaho, ariko nta rwego na rumwe rwo kugenzura imimerere ruhindura igisubizo cyo kuri mushakisha isuzuma rya muganga. Woods et al., 2015 Basner et al., 2011
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora
Kora ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora ukoresheje amabwiriza n’uburyo bwo kwinjiza amakuru bimwe buri gihe. Igisubizo cyacyo kigufi gifasha kumenya icyo iki gikorwa kimeze. Uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje igerageza 120 ni amakuru ajyanye no gupima; si amabwiriza yo gusubiramo uyu mukino kugeza ugeze ku manota runaka.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Kugerageza inshuro 5 birahagije?
Ibyo bishobora kwerekana uko igikorwa gikorwa, ariko kugira ngo bibe byizerwa mu kugereranya umuntu ku giti cye bigomba kugenzurwa. Nta tegeko rivuga ko inshuro 5 zihagije mu bizamini byose byo gupima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora. Hedge et al., 2017
Nkwiye gukoresha igisubizo cyanjye cyihuta kurusha ibindi?
Yego gusa niba ari cyo gipimo wahisemo gukurikirana. Kongera amahirwe yo kugerageza bihindura amahirwe yo kubona igisubizo cyihuta bidasanzwe. Ratcliff, 1993
Ese amakuru menshi buri gihe atuma ikizamini kiba cyiza?
Oya, si ko buri gihe bigenda. Umubare w’igerageza n’uw’abitabira, kwimenyereza, uburyo bwo gutanga amanota n’ingaruka ziri kwigwa byose birafite uruhare. Miller, 2023
Amasoko
- Woods et al. (2015). Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo kugira icyo ukora mu gikorwa cyoroshye.
- Miller (2023). Abitabira bangahe? Igerageza zingahe? Kongera imbaraga z’ubushakashatsi ku gihe cyo kugira icyo ukora.
- de S. Hamsher et al. (1977). Kwizerwa kw’ibipimo by’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo cyo kwizerwa: Impamvu ibikorwa byo kumenya bikomeye bitanga itandukaniro rito ryizerwa hagati y’abantu.
- Ratcliff (1993). Uburyo bwo gukemura ibisubizo bitinda cyane mu gupima igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora.
- Basner et al. (2011). Kongera ubushobozi bw’ikizamini cyo gukomeza kuba maso no kugira icyo ukora (PVT) mu kumenya ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ubusobanuro nyabwo n’ukuri by’imbuga zo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri interineti, mushakisha n’ibikoresho.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Ubushakashatsi bunini bwo kugereranya ibihe: kugereranya porogaramu zitandukanye zo gukora ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari no kuri interineti.