Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Ibimenyetso | Ibyavuye mu mibare | Imipaka yabyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubushakashatsi bwo kugabanya ibitotsi igihe kirekire | Amasaha 4, 6 cyangwa 8 mu buriri mu gihe cy’amajoro 14 | Ibihe byagenzuwe ku bantu bakuru bafite amagara meza |
| Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ku kubura ibitotsi byose mu gihe gito | Inyandiko 70, ibizamini 147 by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza | Bitandukanye no kugabanya ibitotsi igice mu gihe kirekire |
| Kudashobora kwita ku kintu igihe gito muri iryo sesengura | Hedges' g = −0.776; 95% CI −0.96 to −0.60 | Igabanuka ryapimwe ugereranyije n’abandi, si iminota mike |
Ubushakashatsi bwo kugabanya ibitotsi bwarimo abantu bakuru 48 bafite amagara meza, bafite imyaka 21–38, mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ubushakashatsi. Igihe umuntu amara mu buriri ni igihe yagenewe gusinzira, si igipimo cyemeza ko buri wese yasinziriye icyo gihe cyose. Kugabanuka kwagiye kwiyongera ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko kumva umenyereye kurara igihe gito bidashaka kuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo gukora butagize ingaruka. Van Dongen n’abandi, 2003
Isesengura rusange ryarebye kubura ibitotsi byose mu gihe gito, munsi y’amasaha 48, kandi ritandukanya ibyiciro by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Ingaruka nini yo kudashobora kwita ku kintu igihe gito ntishobora guhindurwa ijanisha ridahinduka ry’igabanuka ry’umuvuduko cyangwa amanota ya IQ angana na yo. Ikimenyetso kibi kigaragaza imikorere mibi igihe umuntu atasinziriye bihagije, si umubare mubi w’ibihe umuntu yananiwe kwitaba mu buzima busanzwe. Lim n’abandi, 2010
Impamvu gusubiza vuba cyane rimwe bidahishura ikibazo
Umuntu ashobora gusubiza vuba mu igerageza ryinshi, ariko rimwe na rimwe agasubiza atinze cyane. Ibizamini bireba ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kuba maso no kwitaba byateguwe kugira ngo bigaragaze iyo myitwarire. Basner na Dinges basanze uburyo bwo guhitamo igipimo bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kumenya igihombo giterwa no kubura ibitotsi; ibipimo by’umuvuduko wo gusubiza no kudasubiza ku gihe byagize akamaro kurusha kureba gusa igihe cyo gusubiza cyo hagati cyangwa ikigereranyo. Basner na Dinges, 2011
Umukino mugufi ukoresha amashusho ugerageza gusa igice gito cy’iyi myitwarire. Uburyo bwapimwe neza bwo gusuzuma igihe umuntu amara asubiza ku kintu cyoroheje bwakozwe na Woods n’abo bakorana ni ubushakashatsi butandukanye, bufite uburyo bwo gupima igihe n’amanota bitandukanye. Ikigereranyo cyabwo si imbonerahamwe ihindura amanota yo muri mushakisha yawe ngo yerekane itandukaniro riri hagati yo kuruhuka neza no kubura ibitotsi. Woods n’abandi, 2015
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Imyaka, uko umuntu yagiye asinzira n’ibindi bihe bigira akamaro
Ubushakashatsi bwo kugabanya ibitotsi igihe kirekire bwakorewe ku bantu bakiri bato; ntibugaragaza igihombo kuri buri myaka cyangwa kuri buri gitsina. Igihe umuntu amaze adasinziriye, ibitotsi yaraye abonye mu minsi yabanje n’ubwoko bw’umurimo wo gutekereza byose bigira ingaruka ku kugereranya. Isesengura rusange ryasanze ibyiciro bitandukanye by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bigira ingaruka zitandukanye. Ni indi mpamvu ituma gutsinda igisakuzo kimwe cyangwa gusubiza vuba rimwe bidashobora kugaragaza ko kubura ibitotsi nta ngaruka bigira. Van Dongen n’abandi, 2003 Lim n’abandi, 2010
Igihe ibikoresho n’imikorere ya porogaramu bipima na byo bishobora gutuma ibisubizo bihinduka. Guhindura igikoresho ukoresha winjiza igisubizo bishobora guhindura amanota utitaye ku bitotsi. Iyo ugereranya iminsi mu buryo busanzwe, koresha ibikoresho n’imikorere bimwe kandi ntufate itandukaniro rito ribaye rimwe nk’igipimo nyacyo cy’ingaruka z’ibitotsi. Anwyl-Irvine n’abandi, 2020
Ni ibihe bintu bishyigikiwe n’ibimenyetso mu buzima busanzwe?
Amabwiriza rusange y’impuguke ku bitotsi asaba abantu bakuru bafite imyaka 18–60 gusinzira nibura amasaha arindwi buri gihe, ariko akemera ko ibyo umuntu akenera bitandukana. Iryo ni inama igenewe ubuzima rusange, si umubare w’amasaha wemejwe ko ukenewe kugira ngo umuntu atsinde agahigo ko kugira icyo akora vuba. Umukino mugufi na wo ntushobora kwemeza ko umuntu ashobora gutwara imodoka cyangwa gukora akazi gasaba umutekano udasanzwe. Watson n’abandi, 2015 Basner n’abandi, 2011
Kafeyine ishobora guhindura kuba maso n’ibitotsi umuntu azabona nyuma. Isesengura rusange ryasanze ugereranyije igabanya igihe cyose umuntu asinzira nyuma yo kuyifata, kandi ubushakashatsi bwagenzuwe bwakorewe nimugoroba bwasanze inabangamira ibitotsi n’iyo umuntu yaba yayifashe amasaha menshi mbere yo kuryama. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo bivuga ko umuntu yakwifashisha kafeyine mu mwanya w’ibitotsi kugira ngo abone amanota amuhumuriza muri mushakisha. Gardiner n’abandi, 2023 Drake n’abandi, 2013
Kugira ngo witegereze uko umeze, andika igihe wagenewe gusinzira hamwe n’ibisubizo wapimye inshuro nyinshi, kandi ufate isano ubona nk’ikintu kigikeneye gukorwaho ubushakashatsi. Ntukagabanye ibitotsi ubigambiriye kugira ngo ukore igereranya rya mbere na nyuma. Igereranya rifite amakuru ya siyansi riva mu bushakashatsi bugenzuwe, si ugufata umukino umwe wagenze neza cyangwa nabi bidasanzwe nk’isuzuma ry’indwara. Lim n’abandi, 2010 Van Dongen n’abandi, 2003
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora
Koresha ikizamini cy’igihe cyo kugira icyo ukora kugira ngo witegereze uko ibisubizo byawe bihoraho kimwe n’umuvuduko wabyo, mu bihe bisanzwe kandi bitekanye kuri wowe. Koresha igikoresho n’uburyo bwo gutanga igisubizo bidahinduka. Iki si ikizamini cya laboratwari cyo kugenzura kuba maso no kwitaba, kandi ntikikwemerera gutwara imodoka, gukora akazi ko mu masaha ahindagurika cyangwa ikindi gikorwa gisaba umutekano udasanzwe.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese nshobora kumva meze neza ariko ubushobozi bwanjye bugenda bugabanuka?
Yego. Mu bushakashatsi bwo kugabanya ibitotsi igihe kirekire, uko abitabiriye bumvaga basinziriye ntibyakurikiranaga neza igabanuka ryagiye ryiyongera ry’ubushobozi bwabo. Van Dongen n’abandi, 2003
Ijoro rimwe ribi ryongera igihe cyo gusubizaho iminota mike ingahe?
Ibimenyetso byavuzwe ntibishyigikira umubare umwe ugenewe bose. Igisubizo giterwa n’umurimo, uko umuntu yasinziriye mbere, no kumenya niba upima ibihe byo kudasubiza cyangwa igihe cyo gusubiza cyo hagati. Lim n’abandi, 2010 Basner n’abandi, 2011
Ese kubona amanota meza y’umuvuduko bivuga ko nasinziriye bihagije?
Oya. Gusubiza vuba rimwe mu kizamini kigufi ntibigaragaza kunanirwa kose gushobora kubaho igihe umuntu agomba gukomeza kwita ku kintu, kandi ntibipima niba ibitotsi bihagije. Basner n’abandi, 2011
Amasoko
- Van Dongen n’abandi (2003). Igiciro cyiyongera cyo gukomeza kuba maso: ingaruka z’urugero ku mikorere y’ubwonko n’imikorere y’ibitotsi bitewe no kugabanya ibitotsi igihe kirekire no kubura ibitotsi byose.
- Basner n’abandi (2011). Kongera ubushobozi bw’ikizamini cyo gusuzuma kuba maso no kwitaba bwo kumenya igihombo cy’ibitotsi.
- Lim n’abandi (2010). Isesengura rusange ry’ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi mu gihe gito ku bushobozi bwo gutekereza.
- Woods n’abandi (2015). Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gusubiza ku kintu cyoroheje.
- Anwyl-Irvine n’abandi (2020). Urugero nyarwo rw’ubusobanutse n’ukuri kw’ibikoresho byo gukorera ubushakashatsi kuri interineti, mushakisha n’ibikoresho.
- Watson n’abandi (2015). Igihe cy’ibitotsi gisabwa ku muntu mukuru ufite amagara meza: inyandiko y’ubwumvikane ihuriweho n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi bw’ibitotsi muri Amerika n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi ku bitotsi.
- Gardiner n’abandi (2023). Ingaruka za kafeyine ku bitotsi bikurikiraho: isuzuma rishingiye kuri gahunda n’isesengura rusange.
- Drake n’abandi (2013). Ingaruka za kafeyine ku bitotsi iyo ifashwe mbere yo kuryama ho amasaha 0, 3 cyangwa 6.