Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Chitsanzo | Chiwerengero | Zimene chikutsimikizira |
|---|---|---|
| Njira ya Woods yoyezera nthawi yoyankhira yosavuta | Mayesero 20 ochita kuyeserera, mayesero 120 oyesa | Njira imodzi yofalitsidwa, osati chiwerengero chochepa chovomerezeka kulikonse |
| Kuwerengera kosonyeza mayesero odziyimira pawokha | Mayesero ochuluka kuwirikiza 4 | Kumachepetsa cholakwika chokhazikika ndi theka ngati kusiyanasiyana sikusintha |
| Kafukufuku wakale wa kudalirika | Mayesero 18 osavuta, mayesero 30 a kusankha pakati pa njira ziwiri | Zinali zokwanira malinga ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya kafukufukuyo |
Ziwerengero zakalezi zachokera kwa Hamsher ndi Benton, ndipo chidule cha kafukufuku wawo chimanena momveka bwino kuti mfundo yawo imagwira ntchito pa mikhalidwe ya kafukufukuyo yokha. Ziwerengerozi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa masewera amakono a pa msakatuli ngati lamulo lotsimikizira kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Kudalirika kumakhudza ngati muyeso wofotokozedwa umabwerezedwanso. Mphamvu ya kafukufuku imakhudza mwayi wopeza zotsatira za kusiyana komwe kwafotokozedwa. Izi ndi nkhani zogwirizana koma zosiyana. de S. Hamsher et al., 1977 Miller, 2023
Chifukwa chake kubwereza ntchito yomweyo kumathandiza
Ngati mayesero anali odziyimira pawokha ndipo kusiyanasiyana sikunasinthe, cholakwika chokhazikika cha avareji yawo chikanakhala chosiyana ndi muyeso wa mayesero ogawidwa ndi muzu wa chiwerengero cha mayesero. Chitsanzo cha kuwirikiza kanayi chikuchokera pa fomulayi. Mayesero enieni angasatsatire zimenezi chifukwa anthu amaphunzira, amatopa kapena amasintha njira. Choncho kuwerengera chiwerengero cha mayesero ndi chitsanzo chongoyerekezera, osati chitsimikizo chakuti muyeso wa munthu udzakhala wokhazikika. Miller, 2023
Kusanthula kwamakono kwa chiwerengero cha mayesero kukusonyezanso kuti zotsatira zingasinthe chifukwa cha kuyeserera. Mayesero ochuluka samangopanga makope ambiri a mayesero oyamba osasintha. Kafukufuku ayenera kusankha zotsatira zoti aone ndi kuganizira mmene ntchitoyo imayendera pa nthawi yonse ya gawolo. Miller, 2023
Mukufuna kudalirika kwa mtundu uti?
Kusasinthasintha pa nthawi imodzi yoyesa n’kosiyana ndi kusasinthasintha pakati pa masiku kapena kusasinthasintha kwa mmene anthu amasanjidwira. Kafukufuku wokhudza chododometsa cha kudalirika akusonyeza kuti ntchito zingasonyeze kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu, koma kusiyana kwa anthu pawokha kukhale kosadalirika kwambiri. Zotsatira zazikulu za Stroop kapena za nthawi yoyankhira pa avareji sizikutanthauza zokha kuti muyeso wachidule ungagwiritsidwe ntchito poika munthu pa gawo lake la anthu ena pa percentile. Hedge et al., 2017
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Avareji, pakati pa zotsatira ndi zotsatira zochepa zimayankha mafunso osiyanasiyana
Yankho lofulumira kwambiri limayerekezera mbali ina ya luso, yosiyana ndi imene avareji imayerekezera. Limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mipata imene munthu wapatsidwa. Zotsatira zochepa kwambiri zingakweze avareji, pamene kuzichotsa popanda lamulo lokonzedweratu kungapotoze zotsatira. Kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za nthawi yoyankhira zosiyana kwambiri ndi zina ndi chifukwa chokhazikitsira malamulo owerengera zotsatira musanayerekezere maulendo oyesa. Ratcliff, 1993
Kafukufuku wa kugona akusonyeza chifukwa chake kusankha zotsatira zoyezera kuli kofunika: ofufuza a tcheru la maganizo ndi thupi amasiyanitsa mayankho ochedwa ndi kulephera kuyankha ndi miyezo yapakati ya nthawi yoyankhira. Sitiyenera kungoganiza kuti masewera afupiafupi amene amasankha zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa mayesero angapo amayezanso mofanana ndi ntchito ya nthawi yaitali yosunga tcheru pa zotsatira za kusowa tulo. Basner et al., 2011
N’chiyani chimasintha chiwerengero cha mayesero chimene chingaoneke chofunika?
Kusakhazikika kwa nthawi ya chipangizo kumawonjezera kusiyanasiyana kwa zotsatira, pamene kuchedwa kokhazikika kwa chipangizo kumawonjezera kupendekera kwa zotsatira. Mayesero ambiri angathandize kuchepetsa choyamba, koma sangathe kukonza chachiwiri mwa kuyeza chipangizo. Kafukufuku wa kulondola kwa nthawi komanso zotsatira za kuyeza ndi kukonza zipangizo m’ma labotale zonse zimatsimikizira kufunika kosiyanitsa magwero a zolakwikazi. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020 Woods et al., 2015
Pofuna kungotsata mmene munthu akuchitira, sankhani njira yosavuta kutsatira, gwiritsani ntchito chiwerengero chofanana cha zoyesera nthawi zonse, ndipo lembani maulendo onse amene mwamaliza osati zotsatira zanu zabwino zokha. Iyi ndi njira yoyerekezera, osati malangizo otsimikizika a chiwerengero chochepa cha mayesero enaake. Ngati cholinga ndi kupeza peresenti ya sayansi, ntchitoyo imafunika zitsanzo zoyimira anthu ambiri komanso kuyeza kudalirika, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi mayesero okwanira. Hedge et al., 2017 Miller, 2023
Msinkhu, kukonzekera ndi kugona zingasinthenso luso pa nthawi ya kuyesa kapena pakati pa maulendo. Kusunga mikhalidwe yofanana momwe zingathere kumathandiza kutanthauzira kuyerekezera, koma ngakhale mutakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yofanana bwanji, zotsatira za pa msakatuli sizikhala kuyezetsa matenda. Woods et al., 2015 Basner et al., 2011
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira
Yesani mayeso a nthawi yoyankhira pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo ndi njira yolowetsera mayankho zomwezo nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zake zazifupi zingakuthandizeni kuona mmene ntchitoyi ilili. Njira ya kafukufuku ya mayesero 120 ndi chitsanzo cha kuyeza, osati lamulo lakuti mubwereze masewerawa mpaka mutapeza zotsatira zimene mwasankha.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kuyesa kasanu n’kokwanira?
Kungasonyeze mmene ntchitoyi ilili, koma kudalirika kwake poyerekezera zotsatira za munthu kuyenera kuyesedwa. Palibe lamulo lakuti kuyesa kasanu n’kokwanira pa mayeso onse a nthawi yoyankhira. Hedge et al., 2017
Kodi ndigwiritse ntchito zotsatira zanga zofulumira kwambiri?
Pokhapokha ngati amenewo ndiwo zotsatira zimene mwasankha kutsatira. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zoyesera kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho lofulumira kwambiri mwachisawawa. Ratcliff, 1993
Kodi kukhala ndi deta yambiri kumapangitsa mayeso kukhala abwino nthawi zonse?
Sikuti nthawi zonse. Chiwerengero cha mayesero ndi anthu, kuyezera kaye, kuwerengera zotsatira ndi zotsatira zimene zikufufuzidwa zonse n’zofunika. Miller, 2023
Magwero
- Woods et al. (2015). Zinthu zimene zimakhudza nthawi yoyankhira pa mayeso osavuta.
- Miller (2023). Ophunzira angati? Mayesero angati? Kuonjezera mphamvu ya kafukufuku wa nthawi yoyankhira.
- de S. Hamsher et al. (1977). Kudalirika kwa kuyeza nthawi yoyankhira.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chodabwitsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chake ntchito zolimba zoyezera kuzindikira sizisonyeza kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.
- Ratcliff (1993). Njira zothana ndi zotsatira za nthawi yoyankhira zosiyana kwambiri ndi zina.
- Basner et al. (2011). Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mayeso a tcheru la maganizo ndi thupi (PVT) pozindikira zotsatira za kusowa tulo.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kulondola ndi kusasinthasintha kwenikweni kwa mapulatifomu oyesera pa intaneti, asakatuli a pa intaneti ndi zipangizo.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Kafukufuku waukulu wa kuyeza nthawi: kuyerekezera mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana opangira mayesero, a m’labotale ndi a pa intaneti.