Ikigeragezo c'Umunara wa Londres

Huza n'ishusho y'intumbero ukoresheje intambwe nke: banza utegure, hanyuma wimure. Bimara nk'iminota 5, ni ku buntu, nta kwiyandikisha.

Vyanditswe n'umugwi wa HelibrainVyasuzumwe na Robert(Icongereza), umunyeshure w'ibijanye n'ubugenge bw'ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa dogitoraVyashizwe ahabona Vyasubiye gusuzumwa ubwa nyuma

Ivyo uru rukino rupima

Umunara wa Londres ni igisakuzo kizwi co gutegura, gikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwo mu vy'inyifato y'abantu. Wimura imipira y'amabara hagati y'inkingi zitatu z'uburebure butandukanye kugira ngo uhingure ishusho y'intumbero ukoresheje intambwe nke bishoboka. Kigaragaza ingene ushobora gutegura intambwe nkeya imbere y'uko ukora [1].

Umuhinga mu vy'imikorere y'ubwonko Tim Shallice ni we yateguye iki gikorwa mu 1982 kugira ngo yige ibijanye no gutegura [1]. Ikibazo cose gifise igitigiri gitoyi cane c'intambwe gisaba, kandi igikorwa cerekana nimba ushika ku ntumbero ukoresheje ico gitigiri, intambwe z'inyongera ukoresha, n'igihe umara wiyumvira imbere yo kwimura umupira ubwa mbere. Gisa gatoyi n'Umunara wa Hanoi, ariko amategeko n'ibibazo biratandukanye.

Igitigiri c'intambwe si co conyene gituma ikibazo kigora. Ibibazo aho intumbero itegeka neza uko intambwe zikurikirana, canke aho ubanza gukura umupira mu nzira, bifata abantu igihe kirekire kugira ngo babitegure, naho igitigiri c'intambwe coba kingana [2][3][4].

Uko urukino rukora

  • Inkingi zitatu zifata imipira 3, 2 na 1. Wimura umupira umwe icarimwe: uwuri hejuru ni wo wonyene ushobora kwimurwa, kandi ntushobora kuwushira ku nkingi yuzuye.
  • Ikibazo cose cerekana intumbero n'intambwe nke cane zishobora kuyishikana. Huza n'intumbero ukoresheje izo ntambwe kugira ngo utsinde neza.
  • Ibibazo 16, kuva ku ntambwe 2 gushika kuri 6, bigenda birushiriza kugora. Ikibazo cose kirangira haciye amasegonda 60 canke umaze gukoresha intambwe 20.
  • Kora ku mupira, hanyuma ukore ku nkingi ushaka kuwushirako, canke uwukwege. Ku cuma gifise mwandikisho, imfunguruzo 1, 2 na 3 zirafasha gutora umupira no kuwushira hasi.
  • Ubanza gukora ikibazo kigufi co kwimenyereza (urashobora kucirengagiza). Muri buri gice, imipira irahabwa amabara mashasha, ku buryo ugerageje ubwa kabiri ubona ibisa n'ibishasha, ariko biguma bigoye kumwe.

Twikorereye ibibazo vyacu. Twakoresheje porogarama yo kurondera mu myanya 36 yose ishoboka y'imipira kugira ngo twemeze ko igitigiri gitoyi c'intambwe gikenewe kuri buri kibazo ari co nyaco; kandi kuva ku ntambwe 3 kuduga, ikibazo cose gifise inyishu imwe gusa ikoresha intambwe nke kuruta izindi. Intumbero zikoresha ubwo buryo butatu abashakashatsi bahindagura: imipira yose ku nkingi imwe, ibiri n'umwe, canke umwe kuri buri nkingi [2].

Uko wosoma amanota yawe

  • Watsinze ukoresheje intambwe nke cane: amanota yawe nyamukuru, ni ukuvuga ibibazo watsinze neza.
  • Intambwe z'inyongera: intambwe zirenze igitigiri gitoyi cane, mu bibazo watsinze.
  • Igihe wiyumviriye imbere yo kwimura umupira ubwa mbere: igihe wamaze uraba imbere yo gukora ku mupira. Abashakashatsi bita iki gihe igihe co gutegura intango.
  • Uko watsinze: igice c'igihe cawe wamaranye wiyumvira imbere yo kwimura umupira ubwa mbere, ku bibazo bigoye cane. Igice kinini cerekana ko wabanje gutegura igisubizo kinini mu bwenge bwawe.

Mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwagizwemwo n'abantu bakuze 179, abamaze igice kinini c'igihe cabo bategura imbere yo kwimura umupira ubwa mbere, akenshi batsinze ibibazo vyinshi bakoresheje intambwe nke cane [5]. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, kubwira abantu ngo babanze bategeke vyarabafashije [6], ariko mu bundi ntivyabafashije; abantu bamaze igihe kirekire bategura ariko ntibategera neza [7]. Ni co gituma ufata uko watsinze nk'insiguro y'ukuntu wagenze muri iki gice, atari itegeko.

Abantu nibamara gukina bakwiye, igisubizo cawe kizokwerekana kandi aho uhagaze ugereranije n'abandi bakinyi b'uru rukino, mu rwego rumwe muri izi: munsi y'uko benshi bameze, nk'uko benshi bameze, canke hejuru y'uko benshi bameze. Ni urwego, si ikibanza cawe nyaco, kuko igice kimwe gusa c'iki gikorwa kigaragaza gusa muri rusangi ingene utegura (raba aha hepfo). Abandi bakinyi ni abantu basura uru rubuga, si abantu bahagarariye abantu bose.

Amanota asanzwe aba angahe?

Nta manota asanzwe y'ubu buryo ahari. Mu buryo bw'ubushakashatsi bwari bufise ibibazo 24 bigoye kuruta (intambwe 4 gushika kuri 6), urwaruka rwakuze rwatsinze mu rugero ibibazo nka 17 kuri 24 rukoresheje intambwe nke cane, nayo abantu bakuze bafise imyaka 61 gushika kuri 77 batsinze nka 13 [8]. Ibibazo vyacu, igihe co kubikora n'amasikirini biratandukanye, rero iyo mibare ni iyo gufasha gutahura, si ikigereranyo co kwipimisha.

Ivyo uru rukino rushobora n'ivyo rudashobora kukubwira

Umunara wa Londres urakoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku gutegura no mu kwisuzuma kwa muganga, ariko uru rupapuro ni urukino, si ikigeragezo ca muganga. Ntirupima ubwenge, kandi igice kimwe kigaragaza uko wari umeze ako kanya gusa: uburuhe n'igikoresho ukoresha birahindura uko ukora.

Mu bushakashatsi bwagizwemwo n'urwaruka rwakuze 79 rwakoze ikigeragezo co kuri orodinateri c'Umunara wa Londres kabiri, hagati y'ivyo bihe hakaba indwi zibiri, amanota y'intambwe yo muri iyo misi ibiri yahuye gake gusa (isano yari 0.15), ariko barushirije kwihuta mu gutsinda [9]. Ni co gituma ufata igisubizo kimwe nk'ikiyobora muri rusangi, maze ukaraba ingene wagenze mu bigeragezo vyinshi ku misi itandukanye aho kuraba igitigiri kimwe.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa

Ikigeragezo c'Umunara wa Londres gipima iki?

Gipima gutegura: kwiyumvira uko intambwe zikurikirana imbere y'uko uzikora. Amanota nyamukuru ni ibibazo utsinda ukoresheje intambwe nke cane. Abashakashatsi bararaba kandi igihe abantu bamara biyumvira imbere y'intambwe ya mbere n'intambwe z'inyongera bakora [1][5].

Umunara wa Londres urasa n'Umunara wa Hanoi?

Oya. Muri vyompi, ibice birimurwa hagati y'inkingi zitatu, ariko mu Munara wa Hanoi wimura urutonde rw'utuziga dufise ubunini butandukanye, kandi ntiwemerewe gushira akaziga kanini hejuru y'akandi gatoyi. Mu Munara wa Londres, imipira yose ingana, inkingi zifata imipira itangana, kandi ikibazo cose gifise ishusho y'intumbero yaco.

Vyoba vyiza kubanza gutegura canke kugerageza kwimura imipira?

Iyo ugereranije abantu, abamara igice kinini c'igihe cabo bategura imbere yo kwimura umupira ubwa mbere akenshi bakora intambwe nkeya z'inyongera [5]. Ariko kubwirwa ngo umuntu ategure igihe kirekire si ko kwama bifasha [7]. Gerageza uburyo bwompi urabe ubukubera.

Ikigeragezo ca Helibrain c'Umunara wa Londres kirabera ku buntu?

Ego. Urukino n'igisubizo cawe cose ni ku buntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeyiri, nta kuriha. Helibrain yinjiza amahera biciye muri porogarama yayo, iyo udakeneye gukoresha muri uru rukino.

Ibipimo bifitaniye isano

Raba ibipimo vyose vy'ubwonko ku buntu: 43

Wipfuza kubikora buri musi? Porogarama ya Helibrain (ubu iri mu congereza gusa) ifise uburyo bwo gukoresha ku buntu n'uburyo bwo kuriha.

Vuga uru rupapuro: Ikigeragezo c'Umunara wa Londres. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/tower-of-london-test. CC BY 4.0.

How this test works

This puzzle measures planning: thinking a few moves ahead before you act. Three pegs hold 3, 2 and 1 balls. Move one ball at a time to copy the goal picture in as few moves as possible. There are 16 problems that need 2 to 6 moves, and each one shows its fewest moves. Your main score is how many problems you solve in exactly the fewest moves. The neuropsychologist Tim Shallice designed this puzzle in 1982.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tower of London test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tower-of-london-test/methods

Full method →

Aho amakuru yavuye

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Ukuntu twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'umugwi wa Helibrain hisunzwe ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe aho haruguru, hanyuma rusuzumwa na Robert(Icongereza) (umunyeshure w'ibijanye n'ubugenge bw'ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa dogitora) kuri 4 Munyonyo 2026. Turaruhindura iyo amakuru y'inkomoko ahindutse.