ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ

ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ: ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱢᱮ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱢᱮ। ᱞᱟᱹᱭ 5 ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ, ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱟᱹᱛ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ।

Helibrain ᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮRobert(ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ), ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱯᱤᱮᱪᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱭ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ। ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ [1]।

ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱚᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ 1982 ᱨᱮ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ [1]। ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ। ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱚᱯ ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ।

ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ, ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ [2][3][4]।

ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ

  • ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱢᱟᱜ 3, 2 ᱟᱨ 1 ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱢᱮ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ।
  • ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣᱟ। ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱮ।
  • 16 ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ, 2 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 6 ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ 60 ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱸᱰ ᱥᱮ 20 ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ।
  • ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱭᱟᱢ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛᱟ ᱢᱮ, ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱲᱤᱭᱟᱢ। ᱠᱤᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ 1, 2 ᱟᱨ 3 ᱛᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱮ।
  • ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱨᱤᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟ (ᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱢ)। ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ।

ᱟᱞᱮ ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱞᱮ। ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫ 36 ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱥᱪᱤᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ 3 ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ। ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ [2]।

ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱚᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟᱢ

  • ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ: ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱠᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱞ।
  • ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ: ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ।
  • ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ: ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱢ। ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ।
  • ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭ: ᱡᱷᱤᱞᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ। ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱢ।

179 ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱠ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ [5]। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ [6], ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ [7]। ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ “ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭ” ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ, ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ।

ᱡᱷᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱛᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ: ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ। ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱝᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱜᱮ; ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱷᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ)। ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱠᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ।

ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱚᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ?

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ। 24 ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ (4 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 6 ᱦᱟᱹᱞ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ 24 ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜ 17 ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ 61 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 77 ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜ 13 [8]। ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ, ᱚᱠᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ।

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱛᱥᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ, ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱛᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ। ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟᱭ।

79 ᱡᱮᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱠᱚ, ᱚᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱠᱚᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ (ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷ 0.15), ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱮᱱᱟᱠᱚ [9]। ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱛᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ।

ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱭ?

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱭ: ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱷᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ। ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭ। ᱜᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ [1][5]।

ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ?

ᱵᱟᱝ। ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱥᱠ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱤᱥᱠ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱠ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ। ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ, ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ।

ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱥ?

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ [5]। ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ [7]। ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ।

Helibrain ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱱᱢᱩᱞᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ?

ᱦᱚᱭ। ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱛᱤᱢ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱟᱹᱛ: ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ, ᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ। Helibrain ᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱯᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ।

ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟᱠᱚ

ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ 43 ᱵᱤᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱢᱮ? Helibrain ᱮᱯ (ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱱᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ: ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/sat/tower-of-london-test. CC BY 4.0.

How this test works

This puzzle measures planning: thinking a few moves ahead before you act. Three pegs hold 3, 2 and 1 balls. Move one ball at a time to copy the goal picture in as few moves as possible. There are 16 problems that need 2 to 6 moves, and each one shows its fewest moves. Your main score is how many problems you solve in exactly the fewest moves. The neuropsychologist Tim Shallice designed this puzzle in 1982.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tower of London test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tower-of-london-test/methods

Full method →

ᱥᱨᱚᱛ

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱞᱮ ᱪᱮᱞᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ Helibrain ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ Robert(ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ) (ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱯᱤᱮᱪᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱫᱚ 4 ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 2026 ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾