Chiyezgo cha Nsanja ya London

Sunkhani vinthu kuti viŵe nga ni chilato, mwakugwiliskira ntchito maulendo ghachoko: ghanaghanirani dankha, pamanyuma musunthe. Pafupifupi maminiti 5, chaulere, palije kulembeska.

Na gulu la HelibrainYawelereskeka na Robert(Chingelezi), uyo wakusambira digiri ya PhD ya sayansi ya physics ya viŵikiliYikafaliskika Yawelereskekaso paumaliro

Ivyo mchezo uwu ukuyezga

Nsanja ya London ni fumbo lakale la kupanga ndondomeko, lakufuma mu kafukufuku wa vya maghanoghano. Mukusunkha mipira ya mitundu pakati pa vigogo vitatu vyakupambana utali kuti muyeghe chilato, mwakugwiliskira ntchito maulendo ghachoko. Likulongora umo mungaghanaghanirira panthazi, pambere mundachite kanthu [1].

Katswiri wa wongo Tim Shallice wakapanga ntchito iyi mu 1982 kuti wasambire umo ŵanthu ŵakupangira ndondomeko [1]. Fumbo lililose lili na unandi uchoko chomene wa maulendo ghakukhumbikwa, ndipo ntchito iyi yikulemba usange mwafika pa chilato na maulendo agho, unandi wa maulendo ghakusazgikira agho mwakhumbikwira, kweniso nyengo iyo mukughanaghana pambere mundasunthe kakwamba. Yikuyana pachoko na Nsanja ya Hanoi, kweni malango na mafumbo ghake vikupambana.

Unandi wa maulendo pera ndiwo ukupangiska kuti fumbo liŵe lakusuzga yayi. Mafumbo agho chilato chikuleka pakweru ndondomeko ya maulendo, panji agho mukwenera dankha kusuntha mpira kuti mupange malo, ghakutora nyengo yitali kuti ŵanthu ŵapange ndondomeko, nangauli unandi wa maulendo ngwakuyana [2][3][4].

Umo mchezo ukugwilira ntchito

  • Vigogo vitatu vikupokelera mipira 3, 2 na 1. Sunkhani mpira umoza pa nyengo yimoza: mungasunkha mpira wakukhala pachanya pera, ndipo mungawusunga yayi pa chigogo chakuzura.
  • Fumbo lililose likulongora chilato na maulendo ghachoko chomene agho mungachitira. Yezgani chilato na maulendo agho kuti mumalizge makora chomene.
  • Mafumbo 16, kufuma pa maulendo 2 m'paka 6, ndipo ghakusuzga chomene pachokopachoko. Fumbo lililose likumara pamanyuma pa masekondi 60 panji maulendo 20.
  • Dofyani mpira, pamanyuma dofyani chigogo kuti muwusungemo, panji mukokere. Pa kiyibodi, makiyi 1, 2 na 3 ghakunyamulira na kusulako mpira.
  • Pambere mafumbo ghanyake ghandambe, pali fumbo lichoko lakuyeserapo (mungalisida). Pa maseŵero ghose mipira yikuŵa na mitundu yiphya, ntheura kuyezga kachiŵiri kukuwoneka kupambana kweni kukusuzga mwakuyana waka.

Tapanga tekha seti ya mafumbo. Pulogiramu yikasanda malo ghose 36 agho mipira yingakhalamo na kusimikizga kuti maulendo ghachoko chomene gha fumbo lililose ngakwenelera nadi. Kufuma pa maulendo 3 kukwera, fumbo lililose lili na nthowa yimoza pera yakumalizgira na maulendo ghachoko chomene. Vilato vikuphatikizga maonekedwe ghatatu agho ŵasayansi ŵakusinthasintha: mipira yose pa chigogo chimoza, yiŵiri na umoza, ndiposo mpira umoza pa chigogo chilichose [2].

Umo mungapulikiskira vimanyikwiro vya maghanoghano

  • Kumalizga na maulendo ghachoko chomene: chiyezgo chinu chikuru, unandi wa mafumbo agho mwamalizga makora chomene.
  • Maulendo ghakusazgikira: maulendo ghakujumpha unandi uchoko chomene, pa mafumbo agho mwamalizga.
  • Kughanaghana pambere mundasunthe kakwamba: nyengo iyo mwalaŵiskiranga pambere mundakhwanye mpira. Ŵasayansi ŵakuti iyi ni nyengo yakupangira ndondomeko pakwamba.
  • Umo mwamalizgira: chigaŵa cha nyengo yinu icho mwamalira pambere mundasunthe kakwamba pa mafumbo ghakusuzga chomene. Chigaŵa chikuru chikung'anamura kuti mwapanga dankha ndondomeko yinandi ya umo mumalizgirenge mu maghanoghano.

Mu kafukufuku umoza wa ŵanthu ŵakukwana 179, awo ŵakagwiliskira ntchito chigaŵa chikuru cha nyengo yawo kupanga ndondomeko pambere ŵandasunthe kakwamba kanandi ŵakafikanga pa chilato na maulendo ghachoko chomene pa mafumbo ghanandi [5]. Kulongora ŵanthu kuti ŵapange dankha ndondomeko kukawovwira mu kafukufuku umoza [6], kweni yayi mu unyake, apo ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga nyengo yitali kweni ŵakasunthanga makora yayi [7]. Ntheura pulikiskani kuti “umo mwamalizgira” nkhani yakulongosora umo mukaŵira pa kuyezga uku, ni dango yayi.

Para ŵanthu ŵakukwana ŵaseŵera, ivyo vyafuma kwa imwe vikulongoraso umo muli pakati pa ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵaseŵera mchezo uwu, mu gulu: pasi pa umo vinthu vikuŵira kanandi, umo vikuŵira kanandi, panji pachanya pa umo vikuŵira kanandi. Ni gulu, chiŵerengero cheneko yayi, chifukwa kuyezga kamoza kwa ntchito iyi kukulongora mwakuyana waka pera umo mukupangira ndondomeko (wonani musi). Ŵanthu ŵanyake aŵa mbalendo ŵa pa webusayiti iyi, ŵakusora ŵanthu awo ŵakwimira waliyose yayi.

Kasi chiŵerengero chakawiro ntchivichi?

Palije vimanyikwiro vyakuyaniskira vya mtundu uwu. Mu mtundu wa kafukufuku wa mafumbo 24 ghakusuzga chomene (maulendo 4 mpaka 6), ŵalara ŵachoko ŵakafikanga pa chilato na maulendo ghachoko chomene pa mafumbo pafupifupi 17 pa 24; ŵalara ŵa vyaka 61 mpaka 77 ŵakafikanga pa pafupifupi 13 [8]. Mafumbo, nyengo yakumalizgira na viskrini vithu vikupambana, ntheura manambara agha ghakupereka waka fundo yakupulikiskira, ni chipimo chakuyaniskira yayi.

Ivyo mchezo uwu ungamuphalirani na ivyo ungamuphalirani yayi

Nsanja ya London yikugwiliskirika ntchito mu kafukufuku wa kupanga ndondomeko na mu kupima kwa kuchipatala, kweni peji ili ni mchezo, chiyezgo cha kuchipatala yayi. Yikuyezga vinjeru yayi, ndipo kuyezga kamoza nkhulongora waka umo muli pa nyengo iyo: kutopa na chipangizo icho mukugwiliskira ntchito vikupangiska kuti muchite mwakupambana.

Mu kafukufuku wa ŵalara ŵachoko 79 awo ŵakachita pa kompyuta Nsanja ya London kaŵiri, masabata ghaŵiri pakati pa kuyezga kulikose, vimanyikwiro vyawo vya maulendo pa mazuŵa agha vikakolerana pachoko chomene pera (kukolerana kwa 0.15), apo ŵakamba kumalizga mwaluŵiro [9]. Ntheura wonani ivyo vyafuma pa kuyezga kamoza nga ni ulongozgi wakuyana waka pera; wonani vyakuyezga vinandi pa mazuŵa ghakupambana m’malo mwa kuthemba chiŵerengero chimoza.

Mafumbo agho ŵanthu ŵakufumba kanandi

Kasi chiyezgo cha Nsanja ya London chikuyezga vichi?

Chikuyezga kupanga ndondomeko: kughanaghanira ndondomeko ya maulendo mu maghanoghano pambere mundayambe kughasuntha. Chiyezo chikuru ni unandi wa mafumbo agho mwamalizga na maulendo ghachoko chomene. Ŵasayansi ŵakulaŵiskaso nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana pambere ŵandasunthe kakwamba na unandi wa maulendo ghakusazgikira agho ŵakuchita [1][5].

Kasi Nsanja ya London njimoza na Nsanja ya Hanoi?

Yayi. Vyose vikufiska kusuntha vinthu pakati pa vigogo vitatu, kweni mu Nsanja ya Hanoi mukusunkha milongwe ya madiski ghakupambana ukuru ndipo mungayikapo yayi diski yikuru pachanya pa yichoko. Mu Nsanja ya London mipira yose njimoza mu ukuru, vigogo vikupokelera unandi wakupambana wa mipira, ndipo fumbo lililose lili na chilato chake chapadera.

Kasi ntchiwemi kupanga ndondomeko dankha panji kuyezga kusuntha mipira?

Pa ŵanthu ŵanandi, awo ŵakumalira chigaŵa chikuru cha nyengo yawo kupanga ndondomeko pambere ŵandasunthe kakwamba kanandi ŵakuchita maulendo ghakusazgikira ghachoko [5]. Kweni kuphalirika kuti mughanaghane nyengo yitali sikovwira nyengo zose [7]. Yezgani nthowa zose ziŵiri kuti muwone iyo yikumovwirani.

Kasi chiyezgo cha Helibrain cha Nsanja ya London ntchaulere?

Enya. Mchezo na vyose ivyo vyafuma kwa imwe ni vyaulere: palije kulembeska, imelo panji kulipira. Helibrain yikusanga ndalama kufuma mu pulogiramu yake, iyo mukukhumbikwira yayi pa mchezo uwu.

Mayezgo ghanyake

Wonani mayezgo ghose gha wongo ghaulere 43

Mukukhumba kuchita ivi zuŵa lililose? App ya Helibrain (yili mu Chingelezi pera sono) yili na pulani yaulere na mapulani ghakulipilira.

Zunurani peji ili: Chiyezgo cha Nsanja ya London. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/tum/tower-of-london-test. CC BY 4.0.

How this test works

This puzzle measures planning: thinking a few moves ahead before you act. Three pegs hold 3, 2 and 1 balls. Move one ball at a time to copy the goal picture in as few moves as possible. There are 16 problems that need 2 to 6 moves, and each one shows its fewest moves. Your main score is how many problems you solve in exactly the fewest moves. The neuropsychologist Tim Shallice designed this puzzle in 1982.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tower of London test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tower-of-london-test/methods

Full method →

Vyakufuma

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Umo peji ili likapangikira: gulu la Helibrain likalemba kufuma mu kafukufuku uyo walongosoreka pachanya, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (uyo wakusambira digiri ya PhD ya sayansi ya physics ya viŵikili) wakaliwelereskaso pa 11/4/2026. Tikulisintha para ivyo vyagwiliskirika ntchito vyasintha.