Xikambelo xa Tora ya le London

Kopa xivumbeko lexi lavekaka hi ku famba kutsongo: rhangela u ehleketa, kutani u famba. Swi teka kwalomu ka 5 wa timinete, i mahala, a swi lavi ku tsarisa.

Hi ntlawa wa HelibrainYi kambisisiwile hi Robert(Xinghezi), loyi a dyondzaka doctorate ya biophysicsYi kandziyisiwile Yi kambisisiwile ro hetelela hi

Lexi ntlangu wu xi pimanaka

Tora ya le London i xiphazamiso xa khale xa ku kunguhata lexi humaka eka ndzavisiso wa ntivo-miehleketo. U fambisa tibolo ta mihlovo yo hambana-hambana eka swikhomela-nkarhi swinharhu swa ku leha loku hambanaka leswaku u endla xivumbeko lexi lavekaka hi ku famba kutsongo. Xi komba ndlela leyi u ehleketaka ha yona swi nga si fika eka magoza ma nga ri mangani u nga si teka goza [1].

N’watintivo-miehleketo wa swa misiha Tim Shallice u endle ntirho lowu hi 1982 leswaku a dyondza ku kunguhata [1]. Xiphiqo xin’wana ni xin’wana xi ni nhlayo leyitsongo ya ku famba, naswona ntirho lowu wu rhekhoda loko u fikelela xikongomelo hi nhlayo yoleyo, ku famba loku engetelekeke loku u ku lavaka, ni nkarhi lowu u wu ehleketaka u nga si famba ro sungula. Xi fana nyana na Tora ya Hanoi, kambe milawu ni swiphiqo swa kona swa hambana.

Nhlayo ya ku famba a hi yona ntsena leyi endleka xiphiqo xi tika. Swiphiqo leswi xikongomelo xa swona xi pfulekaka hi ku landzelelana ka ku famba, kumbe leswi eka swona u faneleke ku rhanga u susa bolo endleleni, swi teka vanhu nkarhi wo leha ku kunguhata, hambiloko swi ri ni nhlayo leyi fanaka ya ku famba [2][3][4].

Ndlela leyi ntlangu wu tirhaka ha yona

  • Swikhomela-nkarhi swinharhu swi khoma tibolo ta 3, 2 na 1. Fambisa bolo yin’we hi nkarhi: ku famba bolo leyi nga ehenhla ntsena, naswona u nga yi veki eka xikomela-nkarhi lexi taleke.
  • Xiphiqo xin’wana ni xin’wana xi komba xikongomelo ni nhlayo leyitsongo ya ku famba leyi lavekaka ku xi hetisisa. Kopa xikongomelo hi nhlayo yoleyo ya ku famba leswaku u hetisa hi ndlela leyi hetisekeke.
  • Swiphiqo swa 16, ku suka eka ku famba ka 2 ku ya eka 6, swi ya swi tika. Xin’wana ni xin’wana xi hela endzhaku ka tisekondi ta 60 kumbe ku famba ka 20.
  • Khumba bolo, kutani u khumba xikomela-nkarhi lexi u lavaka ku yi veka eka xona, kumbe yi koka. Eka khibodo, tikhi ta 1, 2 na 3 ti teka bolo ti tlhela ti yi veka ehansi.
  • Ku sungula ku na xiphiqo xo titoloveta xo koma (u nga xi tlula). Nkarhi wun’wana ni wun’wana tibolo ti nyikiwa mihlovo leyintshwa, kutani ku ringa ra vumbirhi ku vonaka ku ri lokuntshwa kambe ku tika ku fana.

Hi endle ntlawa wa hina wa swiphiqo. Ku lavisisa hi khompyuta eka swiyimo swa 36 swa tibolo ku tiyisekise leswaku nhlayo leyitsongo ya ku famba eka xiphiqo xin’wana ni xin’wana yi kongomile, naswona ku sukela eka ku famba ka 3 ku ya ehenhla, xiphiqo xin’wana ni xin’wana xi ni ntlhelo rin’we ntsena ro koma swinene ra ku xi tlhantlha. Swikongomelo swi hlanganisa swivumbeko swinharhu leswi valavisisi va swi hambanisaka: tibolo hinkwato eka xikomela-nkarhi xin’we, timbirhi ni yin’we, ni bolo yin’we eka xikomela-nkarhi xin’wana ni xin’wana [2].

Ndlela yo hlaya maphuzu ya wena

  • Ku tlhantlha hi ku famba kutsongo: maphuzu ya wena lamakulu, ku nga nhlayo ya swiphiqo leswi u swi hetiseke hi ndlela leyi hetisekeke.
  • Ku famba loku engetelekeke: ku famba loku tlulaka nhlayo leyitsongo, eka swiphiqo leswi u swi tlhantlheke.
  • Ku ehleketa u nga si famba ro sungula: nkarhi lowu u wu heteke u languta u nga si khumba bolo. Valavisisi va ku vitana nkarhi wo sungula wa ku kunguhata.
  • Ndlela leyi u tlhantlheke ha yona: xiphemu xa nkarhi wa wena lexi u xi heteke u nga si famba ro sungula eka swiphiqo swo tika swinene. Xiphemu lexikulu xi vula leswaku u rhange u kunguhata xiphemu lexikulu xa ntlhantlho emianakanyweni ya wena.

Eka ndzavisiso wun’we wa vanhu lavakulu va 179, lava heteke xiphemu lexikulu xa nkarhi wa vona va kunguhata va nga si famba ro sungula, hi ntolovelo va tlhantlhe swiphiqo swo tala hi ku famba kutsongo [5]. Eka ndzavisiso wun’we, ku byelela vanhu leswaku va rhanga va kunguhata swi va pfunile [6], kambe eka wun’wana a swi va pfunanga; vanhu va kunguhate nkarhi wo leha kambe a va antswanga eku fambiseni [7]. Hikuva xexo, teka “ndlela leyi u tlhantlheke ha yona” yi ri nhlamuselo ya ku ringa loku, ku nga ri nawu.

Loko se vanhu vo tala va tlangile, mbuyelo wa wena wu tlhela wu komba xiyimo xa wena loko xi pimanyisiwa ni vatlangi van’wana va ntlangu lowu, hi ntlawa: ehansi ka ntolovelo, ntolovelo kumbe ehenhla ka ntolovelo. I ntlawa, ku nga ri xiyimo xa wena lexi kongomeke, hikuva ku ringa kan’we ka ntirho lowu ku komba ntsena hi ku angarhela ndlela leyi u kunguhataka ha yona (vona laha hansi). Vatlangi van’wana i vaendzi va sayiti leyi, a hi ntlawa lowu yimelaka vanhu hinkwavo.

Maphuzu lama tolovelekeke i wahi?

A ku na mimpimo ya ntolovelo ya vuhundzuluxi byolebyi. Eka vuhundzuluxi bya ndzavisiso bya swiphiqo swo tika swa 24 (ku famba ka 4 ku ya eka 6), vantshwa lavakulu va tlhantlhe hi ntolovelo kwalomu ka 17 eka 24 hi ku famba kutsongo, kasi vanhu lavakulu va malembe ya 61 ku ya eka 77 va tlhantlhe kwalomu ka 13 [8]. Swiphiqo swa hina, mindzilakano ya nkarhi ni swikirini swa hambana, kutani tinomboro leti i mhaka ya ku twisisa ntsena, a hi mpimo wo pimanisa.

Leswi ntlangu lowu wu nga ku byelaka ni leswi wu nga ta ka wu nga ku byeli swona

Tora ya le London yi tirhisiwa eka ndzavisiso wa ku kunguhata ni le ka ku kambela swa vutshunguri, kambe tluka leri i ntlangu, a hi xikambelo xa vutshunguri. A yi pimi vutlhari, naswona ku ringa kan’we i xifaniso xa nkarhi wolowo: ku karhala ni xitirhisiwa lexi u xi tirhisaka swi cinca ndlela leyi u tirhaka ha yona.

Eka ndzavisiso wa vantshwa lavakulu va 79 lava endleke ntlangu wa khompyuta wa Tora ya le London kambirhi, hi masiku lama hambanisiweke hi mavhiki mambirhi, maphuzu ya vona ya ku famba ya masiku lawa mambirhi a ma yelani ngopfu (ku yelana ka 0.15), hambiloko va hatlisa ku tlhantlha [9]. Kutani teka mbuyelo wun’we wu ri nkongomiso wa le kule, naswona languta ku ringa ko hlayanyana hi masiku yo hambana ematshan’weni yo tshemba nhlayo yin’we.

Swivutiso leswi vutisiwaka nkarhi na nkarhi

Xikambelo xa Tora ya le London xi pima yini?

Xi pima ku kunguhata: ku ehleketa hi ku landzelelana ka ku famba emianakanyweni ya wena u nga si ku endla. Maphuzu lamakulu i nhlayo ya swiphiqo leswi u swi tlhantlhaka hi ku famba kutsongo. Valavisisi va tlhela va languta nkarhi lowu vanhu va wu hetaka va ehleketa u nga si famba ro sungula ni ku famba loku engetelekeke loku va ku endleke [1][5].

Xana Tora ya le London yi fana ni Tora ya Hanoi?

E-e. Hinkwato ti fambisa swilo swo karhi eka swikhomela-nkarhi swinharhu, kambe eka Tora ya Hanoi u fambisa nhulu ya swirhendzevutana swa vukulu byo hambana naswona a wu fanelanga u veka xirhendzevutana lexikulu ehenhla ka lexitsongo. Eka Tora ya le London tibolo ti ringana, swikhomela-nkarhi swi khoma tinhlayo to hambana ta tibolo, naswona xiphiqo xin’wana ni xin’wana xi ni xivumbeko xa xona lexi lavekaka.

Xana swa antswa ku rhanga u kunguhata kumbe ku ringeta ku famba?

Loko ku langutiwa vanhu vo tala, lava heteke xiphemu lexikulu xa nkarhi wa vona va kunguhata va nga si famba ro sungula va tala ku famba katsongo loku engetelekeke [5]. Kambe ku byeleliwa leswaku u kunguhata nkarhi wo leha a swi pfuni minkarhi hinkwato [7]. Ringeta tindlela letimbirhi u vona leyi ku faneleke.

Xana xikambelo xa Tora ya le London xa Helibrain i mahala?

Ina. Ntlangu ni mbuyelo wa wena hinkwawo i mahala: a wu lavi ku tsarisa, imeyili kumbe ku hakela. Helibrain yi kuma mali eka app ya yona, leyi u nga yi laviki eka ntlangu lowu.

Swikambelo leswi fambelanaka

Vona swikambelo swa byongo swa mahala swa 43 hinkwato

U lava ku tirha hi mhaka leyi siku ni siku? Apu ya Helibrain (ya ha ri hi Xinghezi ntsena) yi ni kungu ra mahala ni makungu lama hakeriwaka.

Tsavula tluka leri: Xikambelo xa Tora ya le London. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ts/tower-of-london-test. CC BY 4.0.

How this test works

This puzzle measures planning: thinking a few moves ahead before you act. Three pegs hold 3, 2 and 1 balls. Move one ball at a time to copy the goal picture in as few moves as possible. There are 16 problems that need 2 to 6 moves, and each one shows its fewest moves. Your main score is how many problems you solve in exactly the fewest moves. The neuropsychologist Tim Shallice designed this puzzle in 1982.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tower of London test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tower-of-london-test/methods

Full method →

Swihlovo

  1. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 298(1089):199–209. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
  2. Kaller CP, Rahm B, Köstering L, Unterrainer JM (2011). Reviewing the impact of problem structure on planning: a software tool for analyzing tower tasks. Behavioural Brain Research 216(1):1–8. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.07.029
  3. Kaller CP, Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Halsband U (2004). The impact of problem structure on planning: insights from the Tower of London task. Cognitive Brain Research 20(3):462–472. doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.04.002
  4. Berg WK, Byrd DL, McNamara JP, Case K (2010). Deconstructing the tower: parameters and predictors of problem difficulty on the Tower of London task. Brain and Cognition 72(3):472–482. doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.002
  5. Schumacher LV, Rahm B, Kaller CP, Schyle V, Weiller C, Unterrainer JM (2026). A novel index to measure pre-planning in the Tower of London task: test–retest reliability and known-group validity. British Journal of Psychology 117(3):1007–1025. doi.org/10.1111/bjop.70044
  6. Unterrainer JM, Rahm B, Leonhart R, Ruff CC, Halsband U (2003). The Tower of London: the impact of instructions, cueing, and learning on planning abilities. Cognitive Brain Research 17(3):675–683. doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00191-5
  7. Phillips LH, Wynn VE, McPherson S, Gilhooly KJ (2001). Mental planning and the Tower of London task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(2):579–597. doi.org/10.1080/713755977
  8. Jablonska K, Stanczyk M, Piotrowska M, Szymaszek A, Lukomska B, Bednarek H, Szelag E (2022). Age as a moderator of the relationship between planning and temporal information processing. Scientific Reports 12:1548. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05316-6
  9. Piper BJ, Mueller ST, Geerken AR, Dixon KL, Kroliczak G, Olsen RHJ, Miller JK (2015). Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults. PeerJ 3:e1460. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460

Ndlela leyi hi endleke pheji leyi ha yona: yi tsariwe hi ntlawa wa Helibrain hi ku tirhisa swikambisiso leswi xaxametiweke laha henhla, kutani yi kambisisiwa hi Robert(Xinghezi) (loyi a dyondzaka doctorate ya biophysics) hi 11/4/2026. Hi yi pfuxeta loko swihlovo swi cinca.