Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām

Lí hoán-èng ū kuài? Khûn-á piàn tshing-sik ê sî tshi̍h lo̍h-khì.Tāi-kài 1 hun-tsing, bô su-iàu tsîⁿ: m̄-bián teng-lio̍k, m̄-bián email, tsiap-le̍h ê kiat-kó tī chia khòaⁿ tio̍h.

Helibrain ê tiōng-tsèng ê lângTùi Robert(Ióng-bûn) kàu-kòe, seng-bu̍t li̍k-ha̍k PhD tshù-pī-seng hu-pò͘Siōng-kīn chi̍t pái kàu-kòe

Án-tsuánn khòaⁿ lí ê hun-sò͘

  • Hoán-èng sî-kan pîng-kun: lí tshi̍h-tio̍h ê sî-kan pîng-kun, tōng-tōng-sò͘ (ms) ūi-tō͘. Sò͘-jī khah tè, tō khah kuài.
  • Siōng kuài ê tshi̍h: lí siōng kuài ê chi̍t pái tshi̍h. Chi̍t pái ū hó-khuì ê kuài tshi̍h, bī-pi̍t pîng-kun ū siūⁿ-sè.
  • Tshit-tōng tshi̍h: piān-piān pí 500 ms khah bān ê tshi̍h. Ngâm-mián gián-kiù ê lâng kiò tsit khoán tsù-ì-le̍k thut-sit, khùn-khioh ê sî tsit khoán huē khah tsē [1].
  • Tshi̍h-tsá ê tshi̍h: khûn-á iáu-buē piàn tshing-sik tō tshi̍h, á-sī tshi̍h ê sî-kan pí 100 ms khah tsá, tsit khoán su-tō͘ bô khò-lêng sī tsin-tsiàn ê hoán-èng. Tsit-ê bô kè tī pîng-kun lāi.

Che ê tng-thuáⁿ khòaⁿ-tio̍h iáu-pō͘ ê lâng, tī siūⁿ-tsún ê lâi-khì siāng ê pîng-kun. Browser tshiok-liōng pí ián-kiù-sik ê lāi-khì khah bān (khòaⁿ ē-bīn), só͘-í khòaⁿ tng-thuáⁿ ê khuann-sè, koh kā lí ê sò͘-jī kap tsá-kīn ê kiat-kó pí-pì.

Tńg-tiám tng-thuáⁿ: tī ián-kiù-sik lāi-khì siāng , kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan ê pîng-kun, tsuè-ūi: 18–24 huì 218 ms, 25–31 huì 221, 32–38 huì 225, 39–45 huì 228, 46–51 huì 234, 51–58 huì 236, kap 59–65 huì 239 ms.
Tô͘ 1. tī sî-kan tshiok-liōng tsún-tsi̍t ê ián-kiù-sik lāi-khì siāng , kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan kap huè-lêng ê pîng-kun: 18–24 huì 218 ms, 25–31 huì 221, 32–38 huì 225, 39–45 huì 228, 46–51 huì 234, 51–58 huì 236, kap 59–65 huì 239 ms. Tsū-liāu: Woods 2015, New Zealand 1,469 ê tāi-lâng, bô khì-tit màn-phòaⁿ tshing-sik-mō͘ kap tshi̍h-á ê tshi̍h-tōng [2].

Ín-iōng chit ê bāng-ia̍h: Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nan/reaction-time-test. CC BY 4.0.

Hoán-èng sî-kan án-tsuánn suan hó?

tī sî-kan tshiok-liōng tsún-tsi̍t ê ián-kiù-sik lāi-khì siāng , kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan siông-siông sī 230 ms. 1,469 ê 18 tì 65 huè tāi-lâng, pîng-kun sī 231 ms, 18–24 huè ê 218 ms tì 59–65 huè ê 239 ms [2]. Browser tshì-giām tshiok-liōng khah bān, in-uī tiān-náu kap tiān-náu-tshing ē thang tāi-lâi tsū-kī ê tshi̍h-tōng: chi̍t pái ián-kiù-sik kiám-tsa sī 58 tì 133 ms [3]. Só͘-í kā lí ê hun-sò͘ kap tsá-kīn ê kiat-kó pí-pì.

Tsha̍t-khuài ê tsu-liāu

  • I chhek siáⁿ-mi̍h : tān-sik hoán-èng sî-kan, tō-sī tī 1 ê kî-thāi ê sìn-hō lāi, ēng 1 ê tōng-tsok lâi hoán-èng ê sî-kan. Tsit ê tshì-giām sī Tâm-sin-keng Hoat-tōng Kiám-tsa (Psychomotor Vigilance Test, PVT) ê chi̍t hun-tsing phiên-pún, PVT sī kiám-tsa kèng-síng ê gián-kiù kang-khò͘ [4].
  • Siōng phuàⁿ-tio̍h ê tshù-lí: 1,469 ê tāi-jîn tī giām-tsu̍k-sit ê màn-sik khòaⁿ-pang kap tiâu-hiòng-lí, pîng-kun sī 231 ms. Lâng kap lâng ê kâng-píng-kun tsha-pia̍t (chi̍t ê piau-tsún tsha) tāi-kho͘ 27 ms [2].
  • Nî-kí: tī 18 kah 65 huāⁿ-kan, múi nî tāi-kho͘ khah bān 0.55 ms [2]. Tī 7,130 ê In-kok tāi-jîn lāi, tān-sik hoán-èng sî-kan kàu tāi-kho͘ 50 hò͘-tsài tsiah ū kńg-bān ê hiān-siōng [5].
  • Tōng-tsok ê thang-khì: kâng-khoán ê 44 ê lâng, tī giām-tsu̍k-sit ê phah-páng-khì pîng-kun 284 ms, tī kâng-khoán tshì-giām ê tshiú-tsi̍p-pang pîng-kun 379 ms [6].
  • Khùn-khioh: khùn-khioh bô kàu ē hō͘ hoán-èng khah bān, mā ē thong-tsia̍p, tō-sī hoán-èng sî-kan ū bán bî-á kuáⁿ-tsê [1].

Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām án-tsuánn tsuè

Sann pō͘-tsū: 1, khûn-á hue-sek, án-tsuánn siông-siông ê sî-kan khùn; 2, piàn tshing-sik tō tshi̍h; 3, tùi khûn-á piàn tshing-sik tì tshi̍h-tio̍h ê sî-kan ē kì-lo̍k, koh lūn-hoè.
Tô͘ 2. Tshì-giām ê chi̍t lūn. Tán-thāi ê sî-kan sī su-i, só͘-í lí bē-tàng tsá-khì sǹg-tio̍h tshi̍h ê sî-kang.

Ín-iōng chit ê bāng-ia̍h: Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nan/reaction-time-test. CC BY 4.0.

  1. Piàn tshing-sik tō tshi̍h. Tshi̍h, khí-lâi tshi̍h, á-sī tshi̍h Space á-sī Enter.

Tsit-ê kap Helibrain app lāi ê tshì-giām sī kāng-khuán. Tsit-ê phìⁿ-mō͘ tī kā browser thóng-tsi tiám-tio̍h tshing-sik khûn-á ê sî khui-tshián, lí tshi̍h-tio̍h ê sî khòaⁿ-tio̍h hoán-èng tō thóng-tsi. Só͘-í lí ê sî-kan ū pau-hâm tshing-sik-mō͘ ê tshi̍h-tōng, kap tshi̍h-á, kiáⁿ-puē, á-sī thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán ê tshi̍h-tōng; tī bāng-tsām siāng bô-hoat-tō͘ tshiok-liōng tsit-ê tshi̍h-tōng.

Siáⁿ-mi̍h ē siūⁿ-tio̍h lí ê hoán-èng sî-kan?

  • Lí ê kì-khì. Ián-kiù-sik kiám-tsa lāi, bāng-tsām ē hō͘ múi pái hoán-èng khah bān 58 tì 133 ms, tùi kì-khì kap browser ū kuan [3]. Sù-jiân ēng ián-kiù-sik tsip-pi̍t ê tshi̍h-pan, browser mā ē kiong-tsu 8 tì 67 ms [7]. Thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán ê sî, lí ê tshiú-tsí mā tio̍h tshun khì tshi̍h-khì, chi̍t ê gián-kiù kiám-tsa tāi-kài kiong-tsu 95 ms [6].
  • Ngâm-mián. Bô khùn chi̍t mê, á-sī liân-sòa kuí mê khùn siuⁿ tsē, hoán-èng ē khah bān, ku ê thut-sit mā ē khah siông-siông [1]. Thut-sit kap sù-tō͘ ê tshiok-liōng hoat-hiān tsit-ê hiān-siōng tsin hó [8].
  • Sî-kan. Tsù-ì-le̍k ū ji̍t-ji̍t ê kó͘-lu̍t. Nā-sī chi̍t ê lâng 11 pm khùn, 7 am khí-lâi, i ê hoán-èng tī àm-mê kap tòa-tsá sî siōng bān, tī hā-ngó͘ kap tāi-khài tshim-mê ê tsîng ē khah hó [9].
  • Kha-pi. Chi̍t ê tāi-sik phìⁿ-sik gián-kiù ho͘ⁿ-hiān, kha-pi 40 tì 300 mg ē kiong-tsu tsìng-hóng, tsù-ì-le̍k kap hoán-èng sî-kan [10].
  • Chiú. Chi̍t ê ū hō͘ 16 ê tsuè-hān lāng tham-ka, koh ēng bô-chiú ê pîng-pí tshì-giām, chiú hō͘ siōng-sò͘ ê sió-kháu pîng-kun 0.07% sî, kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan siōng ku ê sî bān 43 ms [11].
  • Huè-lêng. Tô͘ 1 siōng siōng niòng-huè kap siōng kó͘-huè ê lâng-kûn ê khò͘-sò͘ tāi-kāi 21 ms. Gián-kiù sǹg-tshut-lâi ê sî-kan chāi-khì tō-sī khí-tōng tōng-tsok, m̄-sī khuànn-tio̍h sìn-hō [2].
  • Si̍p-kuàn. Kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan si̍p-kuàn ê sî bô siáⁿ-mi̍h piàn. 48 ê tāi-lâng liân-sòa 3 lē-pài múi lē-pài tshì chi̍t pái, pîng-kun kiāⁿ-kāng bē kàu 3 ms [12]. 36 ê gián-kiù lâi-khòaⁿ, lâng tē-ji̍t pái tshì ē kuài chi̍t-tiám, jiân-āu tō bô koh kuài [13].
  • Tōng-tsok tiān-iáⁿ hì. Siông-siông phah tōng-tsok tiān-iáⁿ hì ê lâng, pí bô phah ê lâng, hoán-èng kuài 11%, tsún-tsi̍t-tō͘ kāng-khuán, tō-sī tùi-ūn ê tshì-giām siōng siōng-buán [14]. Ta̍k-tō͘ ê gián-kiù tāi-pō͘ sī pí-pì tsá-kīn tō ū phah hì ê lâng, só͘-í hì bē-tàng khìng-tīng sī in ê nguyên-in.
Tîaⁿ-tô͘ tng-thuáⁿ, tāi-kāi ê ms: ián-kiù-sik tshing-sik-mō͘ kap tshi̍h-á 18 ms; 18–24 kap 59–65 huè, 21 ms; chiú, sio-sò͘ 0.07%, 43 ms; browser kap ián-kiù-sik tshi̍h-pan, 8 tì 67 ms; tiān-náu-phìⁿ tī tiān-náu kap thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán siāng , 58 tì 133 ms; thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán kap ián-kiù-sik tshi̍h-pan, 95 ms.
Tô͘ 3. Ē hō͘ hoán-èng sî-kan tsē kuí ms ê tāi-tsì, sī ián-kiù sīng-kó͘. Tsū-liāu: Woods 2015 [2]; Pérez-Mañá 2022 [11]; Bridges 2020 [7]; Pronk 2020 [3]; Grandner 2018 [6].

Ín-iōng chit ê bāng-ia̍h: Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nan/reaction-time-test. CC BY 4.0.

Tsit-ê tshì-giām ē kā lí kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h, bē kā lí kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h

Tsit-ê tshì-giām tshiok-liōng lí tī tsit-ê kì-khì siāng , tsit-má tùi chi̍t ê liāu-kái tio̍h ê sìn-hō ê hoán-èng kuài-bān. I bô tshiok-liōng tsing-sìn, khí-tshia ê sū-khó͘, á-sī jīm-hô sīnn-thé pīnn, mā m̄-sī pún-sin tsuân-tuàn ê phàn-tuàn.

Kì-khì ê tshi̍h-tōng sī siōng tō ê hān-tsè: i pí tô͘ 1 ê huè-lêng khò͘-sò͘ khah tō, koh kì-khì kap kì-khì bô kāng. Pí-pì chi̍t ê lâng kap tāi-pō͘ ê lâng, tsit-ê ián-hiáng siōng tō [3]. Só͘-í ēng kāng-khuán ê kì-khì kap browser, kā lí ê sò͘-jī kap tsá-kīn ê kiat-kó pí-pì.

1 hun-tsing kán-tan sī tsit-má ê chi̍t-ê tsia̍p-sìng. PVT ê khah téng phiên-pún iáu ē thang hoat-hiān khùn-bēng ê ián-hiáng, m̄-koh ián-hiáng pí 10 hun-tsing ê phiên-pún khah sè [15]. Nā-sī lí tuì lí ê hoán-èng sî-kan kám-kak káng-huann, pí-tōng pīnn-āu á-sī khí-sīn tsia̍h-sin-io̍h-āu, thang kah i-sing kóng.

Siông-siông ê bûn-tê

200 ms ê hoán-èng sî-kan hó-bô?

Sī, tī browser ê kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām lāi, 200 ms sī tsin kuài. tī sî-kan tshiok-liōng tsún-tsi̍t ê ián-kiù-sik lāi-khì siāng , 18–24 huè ê tāi-lâng pîng-kun 218 ms; khì-tit ián-kiù-sik pún-sin ê tshing-sik-mō͘ kap tshi̍h-á tshi̍h-tōng āu, tāi-kāi ū 200 ms [2]. Browser kap thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán pí ián-kiù-sik lāi-khì kiong-tsu khah tsē tshi̍h-tōng [3]. Chi̍t ê ū lâng khah tsē ēng ê hoán-èng tshì-giām bāng-tsām, 81 million pái tshi̍h-tōng ê tiong-kan sò͘ sī 273 ms [16].

Huè-lêng kóng, hoán-èng sî-kan ê pîng-kun sī kuí-ē?

Tī chi̍t ê giām-tsu̍k-sit gián-kiù lāi, 1,469 ê tāi-jîn ê tān-sik hoán-èng sî-kan tùi nî-kí kuânn-khuàⁿ-khuàⁿ: 18–24 huè sī 218 ms, 39–45 huè sī 228 ms, 59–65 huè sī 239 ms, tāi-kho͘ múi nî kuânn bán ms [2]. Tī 7,130 ê In-kok tāi-jîn kiám-tsa lāi, tān-sik hoán-èng sî-kan kàu tāi-kho͘ 50 huè tsiah bô kóng ū siáⁿ-mi̍h kái-piàn; suán-tsi̍p hoán-èng sî-kan tī siōng-thài ê lâng-seng lāi lóng ē khah bān [5].

Án-tsuánn góa tī thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán siāng ê hoán-èng sî-kan khah bān?

Thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán ê hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām ē kiong-tsu nn̄g hāng tshi̍h-tōng. Lí ê tshiú-tsí tio̍h tshun khì tshi̍h-khì, thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán kap browser mā tio̍h sî-kan lâi siu-tio̍h tshi̍h-tōng. Kāng-khuán ê 44 ê tāi-lâng tī ián-kiù-sik tshi̍h-pan kap thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán kiáⁿ-hì-tshuì-tshuì tshì-giām, pîng-kun 284 ms kap 379 ms [6]. Thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán ê hun-sò͘ tio̍h kap thâu-tshiuⁿ-pán ê pí.

Góa ē-tàng kā hoán-èng sî-kan liàn khah kuài bô?

Si̍p-kuàn tuì kàn-sia̍p hoán-èng sî-kan ê ián-hiáng tsin sè: chi̍t ê sann lē-pài ê gián-kiù lāi, pîng-kun piàn-huà bē kàu 3 ms [12]. Ngâm-mián, tsìng-hóng, kap kì-khì iáu khah ū kuan-hē: khùn-bēng ē hō͘ hoán-èng khah bān [1], tiong-tō͘ kha-pi ē kiong-tsu hoán-èng sî-kan [10].

Helibrain hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām tsin ê bô su-iàu tsîⁿ bô?

Sī. Helibrain hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām kap lí tsiap-le̍h ê kiat-kó lóng bô su-iàu tsîⁿ: m̄-bián teng-lio̍k, m̄-bián email, m̄-bián thâu-tsîⁿ, mā bô siáⁿ-mi̍h kiat-kó hō͘ lâng khùn tī "tsuân-pō͘ pó-kò" bē hō͘ lí. Helibrain ēng app lâi khùn-tsîⁿ, app ū bô-su-iàu-tsîⁿ kap ū-su-iàu-tsîⁿ ê phàn-pún; lí m̄-bián ēng app tō ē-tàng tshì-giām, mā ē-tàng khòaⁿ kiat-kó.

Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām kap hoán-siān tshì-giām sī kāng-khuán bô?

M̄-sī. Hoán-siān tshì-giām, pí-tōng i-sing tshi̍h lí ê khǹg-tsó͘, tshiok-liōng sī bô su-iàu lí tsuè tshut kiám-tsik ê chū-tōng hoán-èng. Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām tshiok-liōng sī lí tsu-iōng ê hoán-èng: lí khuànn-tio̍h sìn-hō, su-sióng, jiân-āu tōng-tsok. Helibrain hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām tshiok-liōng tsit khoán tsu-iōng ê kuài-bān, só͘-í bô-hoat-tō͘ hō͘ lí liáu-kái hoán-siān á-sī sin-king ê tình-hóng.

Siong-kuan ê tshì-giām

Khòaⁿ tsuân-pō͘ 43 hông-bîⁿ ê tāu-lāi tshì-giām

Nā beh ta̍k-ji̍t tsò tsit-ê? Helibrain app (hiān-tsāi iáu-koh sī Ióng-bûn) ū bô su-iàu tsînn ê kè-uē kap siu-tsînn ê kè-uē.

Ín-iōng chit ê bāng-ia̍h: Hoán-èng sî-kan tshì-giām. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nan/reaction-time-test. CC BY 4.0.

Siông-kiàn ê būn-tê

How this test works

This test measures how fast you react to a signal you are waiting for. The circle stays grey for a random time, then turns green. Tap, click, or press Space or Enter as soon as you see green. After one practice round you play 10 timed rounds. Your score is the average time of your timed taps, in milliseconds. Taps that come too early are left out. Psychology labs have timed simple reactions like this since the 1860s.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Reaction time test, v1. https://helibrain.com/reaction-time-test/methods

Full method →

Chhù-tshù

  1. Lim J, Dinges DF (2008). Khùn-bih kah tsù-ì ê kiám-tshut. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1129:305–322. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1417.002
  2. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B (2015). Si̍k-khì ê hoán-èng sî-kan siū siáⁿ-mi̍h hong-bīn hiáng-siáng. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:131. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00131 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4374455/)
  3. Pronk T, Wiers RW, Molenkamp B, Murre J (2020). Sim-sîn sî-kan ê lō͘-tsāi sǹg? Internet ēng-iōng-thêng tī tshiú-á khún-tio̍h ê phìng-pō͘ kap kiàn-pân ê thiat-pīng khí-khì siōng ê sî-kan tsun-tshut. Behavior Research Methods 52(3):1371–1382. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01321-2 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7280355/)
  4. Dinges DF, Powell JW (1985). Tī lâu-sio̍k ê tsok-ia̍p tiong, tī suî-sin, kan-taⁿ ê khuànn-tio̍h hoán-èng sî-kan kang-khò͘ siōng hun-sek bî hêng tiān-náu ê piáu-hiān . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 17(6):652–655. doi.org/10.3758/BF03200977
  5. Der G, Deary IJ (2006). Tióng-tāi lâng ê hoán-èng sî-kan: sè-huann kap sè-pia̍t ê tshut-lâi, tùi In-kok ê siong-kiàn kap seng-ua̍h hong-sik thia̍p-tsa ê khòaⁿ-kì. Psychology and Aging 21(1):62–73. doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.62
  6. Grandner MA, Watson NF, Kay M, Ocaño D, Kientz JA (2018). Tìng-tshut tshiú-á khún-tio̍h ê sim-lí tōng-tsok kiám-khak kang-khò͘ ê iu-iàu: tùi khùn-khak kiám-kiān gián-kiù ê tiōng-iàu kó͘-lū. Sleep Health 4(5):387–389. doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2018.08.003 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6152888/)
  7. Bridges D, Pitiot A, MacAskill MR, Peirce JW (2020). Sî-kan ê tāi-khòaⁿ gián-kiù: pí-kàu kâng-khoán ê giām-tsìng tshut-lâi khí-khì, pāu-kuat tshì-giām-sik kah tī bāng-lō͘ siōng ê. PeerJ 8:e9414. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9414
  8. Basner M, Dinges DF (2011). Kàu tshiau-kòe thang ê thêng-tō͘, hō͘ sim-lí tōng-tsok kiám-khak tshì-giām (PVT) tùi khùn-bih ê bûn-bīn khah kám-kak. Sleep 34(5):581–591. doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.581 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3079937/)
  9. Valdez P (2019). Tsù-ì ê ji̍t-mê luân-huán. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 92(1):81–92. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6430172/
  10. McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR (2016). Kha-pi-in tùi sù-khó͘, sin-thé kap kang-tsok ê phìng-hêng ê hióng-hiáng: chi̍t pún ho̍k-sik. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 71:294–312. doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001
  11. Pérez-Mañá C, Mateus JA, Díaz-Pellicer P, et al. (2022). Lêng-liōng ìm-liāu kap tsiú thâu-thiⁿ tsò-hué ìm, tùi khò-tshia sū-kî ê ki-lêng ê hióng-hiáng. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25(1):13–25. doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab051 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8756085/)
  12. Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ (2015). Tióng-lí kiám-ts tr̄e, tsò-huann bô-khì ê piáu-hiān, kap thâu-khak tshun-hāi, tùi tsun-tshut tùi ê kan-taⁿ khuànn-tio̍h hoán-èng sî-kan lio̍k-tō͘ ê hióng-hiáng. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9:540. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00540
  13. Scharfen J, Blum D, Holling H (2018). Sim-sîn khòaⁿ-khuài tshì-giām koh tshì, hoán-èng sî-kan tō kiám-khióng: chi̍t phiⁿ thong-ha̍p phân-tshik. Journal of Intelligence 6(1):6. doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence6010006
  14. Dye MWG, Green CS, Bavelier D (2009). Thong-kòe tōng-tsok tiān-tí hō͘ phuann-li̍k khah khuài. Current Directions in Psychological Science 18(6):321–326. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2871325/)
  15. Basner M, Mollicone D, Dinges DF (2011). Kan-taⁿ sim-lí tōng-tsok kiám-khak tshì-giām (PVT-B) tùi tsuân-pō͘ kap pō͘-hun khùn-bih ê tsun-tshut kap kám-kak-lîng. Acta Astronautica 69(11–12):949–959. doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.015 (bô-suè tsuân-bûn: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3197786/)
  16. Human Benchmark. Hoán-èng sî-kan ê thóng-kè (bāng-tsām ēng-iōng-tsiá ê tsu-liāu, khí-khì bô kâng; bô kong-pò͘ hong-hoat). humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime/statistics (2026 nî 11 goe̍h 3 ji̍t khòaⁿ-kòe)

Tsit-ê ia̍h-mn̂g án-tsuánn tsò--ê: Helibrain ê tiōng-tsèng ê lâng kàu-kòe siōng-bīn liáu-lia̍t ê gián-kiù lâi siá, koh tùi 11/3/2026 hō͘Robert(Ióng-bûn) (seng-bu̍t li̍k-ha̍k PhD tshù-pī-seng) kàu-kòe. Tsu-liāu ū kái-kòe ê sî, guán ē kā tsit-ê ia̍h-mn̂g kái-kòe.