ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯥꯐꯦꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯤ. ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯎꯗꯦ. ꯑꯥꯐꯦꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ 2015 ꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ [1]. ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯇꯪ 1,000 ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯦꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 1 ꯗꯥ 25 ꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ [2]. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ.
ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ
- ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯦ: ꯅꯪꯅ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ, 1 (ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ) ꯗꯒꯤ 5 (ꯎꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯗꯕ) ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ; ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ, ꯅꯨꯡꯃꯥꯏ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ, ꯆꯥꯕ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩ।
- VVIQ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ: ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯤꯁꯠꯇꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯤꯁꯠ (VVIQ) ꯀꯧꯏ [3]। ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ VVIQ ꯐꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ।
- ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ: VVIQꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ 3.9%ꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0.8%ꯅ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ [2]।
- ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯈꯥ: ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ 6%ꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ; ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯀꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯐꯦꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ; ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ 90% ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ [8]।
- ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ।
ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ
- ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ। ꯅꯪꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ 10 ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯤꯒꯦ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 4 ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯤꯒꯦ।
- ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤꯌꯨ। ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ, “ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ” ꯗꯒꯤ “ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯨꯒ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯗꯦ” ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ। ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯥꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ।
- ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯌꯨ। ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯆꯥꯡꯅꯤ, 1 ꯗꯒꯤ 5 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ। ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ।
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ।
ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ
- ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ: ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ “ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ” ꯈꯟꯈꯤ। ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ [1]।
- ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯦ (ꯃꯊꯪ 2 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯥ): ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ। VVIQ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯤ [2]।
- ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ: ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ। VVIQꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 10ꯗꯒꯤ 9ꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝ ꯈꯟꯏ [8]।
- ꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ (ꯃꯊꯪ 4.7 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯊꯛ): ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯎꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯗꯦ। ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯐꯦꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ [4] [8]।
ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ VVIQ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯇꯩꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯥꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ।
ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯒꯦ
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯂꯝꯈꯤ। 1880ꯗꯥ Francis Galtonꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯎꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ [5]।
- ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯅꯤ। 2015ꯗꯥ Exeterꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ 21 ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯪꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ [1]। ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ 2,000 ꯃꯨꯛꯅ ꯇꯤꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ [4]।
- ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯗꯅ ꯃꯥꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ। ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯈꯥꯏꯅꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯦ [6]।
- ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯈꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ। ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ; ꯑꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ, ꯅꯨꯡꯃꯥꯏ, ꯆꯥꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯈꯔ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ [4] [7]।
- ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯇꯩꯅꯤ। ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯏ [4] [7]।
ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯒꯦ
ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯡꯈꯠꯇ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝꯅꯤ: ꯅꯪꯅ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯪꯉꯥꯏ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ। “ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ” ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯨꯚꯕ ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯑꯇꯩ-ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ। ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯅꯤꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯅꯪꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ, ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯇꯤꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯃꯔꯝꯗ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ।
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯩ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ?
ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯤꯄꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ 1,000 ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 3.9%ꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0.8%ꯅ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ [2]। ꯑꯇꯩ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯑꯆꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯐꯪꯏ।
ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯨꯚꯕ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। ꯃꯄꯥꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥꯈꯛ ꯈꯪꯂꯤ [1] [4]। ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ।
ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯌꯥꯏ। ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯤꯁꯛ, ꯅꯨꯡꯃꯥꯏ, ꯆꯥꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯊꯥꯕꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯇꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ [4]। ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ।
ꯑꯁꯤ VVIQ ꯅꯤꯔꯥ?
ꯅꯠꯇꯦ। VVIQ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯤꯁꯠꯅꯤ [3]। ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯆꯨꯡꯈꯠꯄ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯄꯅꯤ।
ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯅꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯌꯥꯏ। ꯆꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯅꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ: ꯅꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯏꯃꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯄꯩꯁꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ।
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ
- ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ 50 ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜꯗꯒꯤ.
- ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯣꯝ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ꯫
- ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥEnglishꯅꯪ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯇꯪ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ 43 ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ
ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? Helibrain ꯑꯦꯞ (ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯗꯥ English ꯈꯛꯇꯥ)ꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ: ꯑꯐꯟꯇꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/mni/aphantasia-test. CC BY 4.0.
ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
How this test works
This check asks how vivid your mind's eye is. You picture 10 everyday scenes, such as a friend's face or a sunset, and rate each one from 1 (nothing) to 5 (as clear as the real thing). Then you rate one sound, one smell, one taste and one touch. Your score is the average of the 10 picture ratings. There are no right answers and no clock. Psychologists have asked people to rate their mental pictures since Francis Galton did so in 1880.
Version 1 · Cite this test:
Helibrain (2026). Aphantasia test, v1. https://helibrain.com/aphantasia-test/methods
ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯪꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
- Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
- Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
- Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
- Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
- Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
- Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
- Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
- Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ: ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯅꯥ Helibrain ꯇꯤꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Robert(English)ꯅꯥ (নভেম্বর 4, 2026ꯗꯥ) ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫