Kuyeza Aphantasia

Tsekani maso ndipo muyerekezere apulo. Mukuiona, kapena mumangodziwa mmene ilili? Kudzifufuza kwa mphindi 2 kuti mudziwe mmene mumaonera zinthu m’maganizo. Kwaulere, palibe kulembetsa.

Wolemba: gulu la HelibrainYawunikidwa ndi Robert(Chingelezi), wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysicsLofalitsidwa Linawunikidwanso komaliza pa

Kodi aphantasia n’chiyani?

Aphantasia ndi kusatha kuona zithunzi m’maganizo. Anthu okhala ndi aphantasia angaganizire za apulo n’kudziwa mmene imaonekera, koma saiona akamaganizira za iyo. Mawu amenewa anayambitsidwa mu 2015 [1]. Pa kafukufuku wa akuluakulu pafupifupi 1,000, pafupifupi munthu 1 mwa 25 ananena kuti saona zithunzi m’maganizo bwino kapena saona n’komwe [2]. Si matenda.

Mfundo zachidule

  • Zomwe kuyezaku kumayesa: mmene mumanenera kuti zithunzi zimene mumaganizira zimawonekera bwino, kuyambira 1 (palibe chithunzi) mpaka 5 (zowoneka bwino ngati zenizeni), komanso kamvekedwe kamodzi, fungo, kakomedwe ndi kukhudza.
  • Si VVIQ: mafunso amene kafukufuku wambiri amagwiritsa ntchito amatchedwa Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [3]. Kuyezaku kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunso athu, choncho manambala ake sangafanane mwachindunji ndi zigoli za VVIQ.
  • Mmene zilili zofala: pa VVIQ, pafupifupi 3.9% ya akuluakulu ananena kuti saona zithunzi m’maganizo bwino kapena saona n’komwe, ndipo pafupifupi 0.8% ananena kuti saona n’komwe [2].
  • Mbali inayo: pafupifupi 6% amanena kuti amaona zithunzi zowala kwambiri m’maganizo, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa hyperphantasia; pafupifupi 90% ali pakati [8].
  • Sikuti ndi kuzindikira matenda: aphantasia ndi mmene munthu amaonera zinthu m’maganizo, osati matenda, ndipo mafunso achidule sangathe kutsimikizira kuti muli nayo.

Mmene kuyezaku kumagwirira ntchito

  1. Yerekezani. Mudzapatsidwa zinthu 10 za tsiku ndi tsiku zoti muziganizire chimodzi ndi chimodzi, kenako zinthu 4 zokhudza mphamvu zina za kuzindikira.
  2. Perekani mlingo. Pa chilichonse, sankhani mmene munachionera bwino, kuyambira pa “Palibe” mpaka “Chooneka bwino ngati chenichenicho”. Mungatseke maso ngati zikuthandizani.
  3. Onani zigoli zanu. Zigoli zanu za kuona m’maganizo ndi avareji ya zinthu za zithunzi, kuyambira 1 mpaka 5. Zotsatira za mphamvu zina zimaonetsedwa padera.

Palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwika, ndipo palibe nthawi yoikidwiratu.

Mmene mungamvetsetse zotsatira zanu

  • Palibe zithunzi n’komwe: mwasankha “Palibe” pa chinthu chilichonse cha zithunzi. Umu ndi mmene anthu okhala ndi aphantasia nthawi zambiri amadzifotokozera [1].
  • Zithunzi zosawoneka bwino (avareji ya 2 kapena yocheperapo): zithunzi zambiri sizinali zoonekeratu kapena sizinaonekere. Kafukufuku wa VVIQ nthawi zambiri amaika mayankho ngati amenewa m’gulu la aphantasia [2].
  • Pakati penipeni: zithunzi zooneka bwino pang’ono mpaka zooneka bwino. Pa VVIQ, anthu pafupifupi 9 mwa 10 amayankha motere [8].
  • Zithunzi zooneka bwino kwambiri (avareji ya 4.7 kapena kuposerapo): pafupifupi chilichonse chinali chooneka bwino ngati mukuchiona. Kafukufuku amatcha zimenezi hyperphantasia [4] [8].

Magulu amenewa atengera mmene ofufuza amagawira mayankho a VVIQ, koma mafunso athu ndi osiyana. Choncho ganizirani gulu lanu ngati kufotokoza mayankho anu, osati ngati muyeso.

Zimene kafukufuku wapeza

  • Zinadziwika kalekale. Mu 1880, Francis Galton anapempha anthu kuti ayerekezere tebulo lawo la chakudya cham’mawa, ndipo ena ananena kuti sanaone kalikonse [5].
  • Dzina lake ndi laposachedwa. Mu 2015, gulu la ku Exeter linafotokoza za anthu 21 amene anali ndi zithunzi zochepa kapena analibe n’komwe m’maganizo, ndipo linatcha zimenezi aphantasia [1]. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu pafupifupi 2,000 amene anazindikira kuti ali ndi zotere ayankha mafunso a gululo [4].
  • Ingayesedwe popanda mawu. Pa kuyesa kwa binocular rivalry, kwa anthu ambiri kuganizira chithunzi choyamba kumasintha zimene amaona pambuyo pake, koma sizitero kwa anthu okhala ndi aphantasia [6].
  • Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzanso mphamvu zina. Pa kafukufuku wina waukulu, pafupifupi theka la anthu okhala ndi aphantasia ananena kuti satha kuona kapena kumva chilichonse m’maganizo; enawo ankatha kuganizira kamvekedwe, fungo, kakomedwe kapena kukhudza [4] [7].
  • Kukumbukira kumasiyana. Anthu okhala ndi aphantasia amanena kaŵirikaŵiri kuti amakumbukira mofooka zimene zinawachitikira m’mbuyomu komanso nkhope, komabe ambiri amalotabe ali ndi zithunzi [4] [7].

Zimene kuyezaku kungakuuzeni ndi zimene sikungakuuzeni

Uku ndi kudzifotokoza mwachidule: kukuonetsa mmene mukufotokozera maganizo anu lero, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu anu. Anthu amatanthauza zinthu zosiyana akamati “chooneka bwino”, choncho anthu awiri amene amaona zinthu m’maganizo mofanana angapeze zigoli zosiyana. Kuyezaku sikuzindikira matenda, ndipo zigoli zotsika kapena zapamwamba si vuto. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, nthawi zina magulu ofufuza amachita kafukufuku wokhudza kuona zinthu m’maganizo amene mungalowemo.

Mafunso amene amafunsidwa kawirikawiri

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi aphantasia?

Yesani kuyerekezera chinthu chodziwika bwino, monga nkhope ya mnzanu kapena khomo la nyumba yanu. Ngati mumadziwa mmene chimaonekera koma simukuona kalikonse, mwina muli ndi aphantasia. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amafufuza zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso a VVIQ [3], ndipo ena amagwiritsanso ntchito mayeso amene safuna mawu [6]. Kuyezaku kungakupatseni lingaliro loyamba mwachangu, osati kuzindikira matenda.

Kodi aphantasia ndi yofala motani?

Pa kafukufuku wa akuluakulu pafupifupi 1,000, pafupifupi 3.9% ananena kuti saona zithunzi m’maganizo bwino kapena saona n’komwe, ndipo pafupifupi 0.8% ananena kuti saona n’komwe [2]. Kafukufuku wina amapeza magawo ang’onoang’ono ofanana, malinga ndi malire amene agwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi aphantasia ndi vuto la thanzi?

Ayi. Aphantasia ndi kusiyana kwa mmene anthu amaonera zinthu m’maganizo, osati matenda. Anthu ambiri amene akhala ndi aphantasia moyo wawo wonse amakhala moyo wamba, ndipo ambiri amazindikira atakula kuti anthu ena amaonadi zithunzi m’maganizo [1] [4]. Nthawi zina, munthu angasiye kuona zithunzi m’maganizo chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa ubongo kapena matenda; ngati kuona kwanu m’maganizo kwasintha mwadzidzidzi, lankhulani ndi dokotala.

Kodi munthu angakhale ndi aphantasia pa mphamvu zina za kuzindikira?

Inde. Pa kafukufuku wina waukulu, pafupifupi theka la anthu okhala ndi aphantasia ananena kuti sakanatha kuganizira kamvekedwe, fungo, kakomedwe kapena kukhudza, pamene enawo ankatha [4]. N’chifukwa chake kuyezaku kumafunsanso za mphamvu zina za kuzindikira.

Kodi uku ndi kuyezetsa kwa VVIQ?

Ayi. VVIQ ndi mafunso amene kafukufuku wambiri amagwiritsa ntchito [3]. Kuyezaku ndi mafunso athu achidule, olembedwa patsamba lino, choncho zigoli zake zimagwiritsa ntchito muyeso wake wokha.

Kodi kuyezetsa aphantasia ndi kwaulere?

Inde. Kuyezaku ndi zotsatira zanu zonse ndi zaulere: palibe kulembetsa, imelo kapena kulipira.

Mayeso ena okhudzana nawo

Onani mayeso onse a ubongo aulere okwana 43

Mukufuna kuchita zimenezi tsiku ndi tsiku? Pulogalamu ya Helibrain (yomwe ilipo m’Chingelezi pakadali pano) ili ndi dongosolo laulere komanso madongosolo olipira.

Mafunso ofala

Magwero

  1. Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
  2. Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
  3. Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  4. Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
  5. Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
  6. Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
  7. Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
  8. Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107

Mmene tinakonzekerera tsambali: gulu la Helibrain linalilemba potengera maphunziro amene alembedwa pamwambapa, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysics) analiyang’ananso pa November 4, 2026. Timalisintha magwero akasintha.