Uvavanyo lwe-aphantasia

Vala amehlo uze ube nomfanekiso we-apile. Uyayibona, okanye uyazi nje ukuba injani? Zihlole ngemizuzu emi-2 ukuze ubone indlela ecace ngayo imifanekiso engqondweni yakho. Kusimahla, akufuneki ubhalise.

Ibhalwe liqela leHelibrainIhlolwe nguRobert(IsiNgesi), umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysicsIpapashwe ngomhla we-Ihlolwe okokugqibela ngomhla we-

Yintoni i-aphantasia?

I-aphantasia kukungabi namifanekiso engqondweni. Abantu abane-aphantasia banokucinga nge-apile baze bazi ukuba injani, kodwa abayiboni xa bezama ukuba nomfanekiso wayo engqondweni. Eli gama laqanjwa ngo-2015 [1]. Kuvavanyo olwenziwa kubantu abadala abamalunga ne-1,000, malunga nomntu om-1 kwabayi-25 wathi imifanekiso ayicaci kwaphela okanye ayikho [2]. Ayisosigulo.

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

  • Into ehlolwa lolu vavanyo: indlela othi ngayo imifanekiso ozama ukuba nayo engqondweni icace ngayo, ukusuka ku-1 (akukho mfanekiso) ukuya ku-5 (icace njengokubona ngamehlo), kunye nesandi esinye, ivumba, incasa nokubamba.
  • Asiyiyo i-VVIQ: iphepha lemibuzo elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifundo zophando yi-Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [3]. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa eyethu imibuzo, ngoko amanqaku alo akanakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo namanqaku e-VVIQ.
  • Ixhaphake kangakanani: malunga ne-3.9% yabantu abadala yathi imifanekiso ayicaci kwaphela okanye ayikho, ibe malunga ne-0.8% yathi ayikho kwaphela, kwi-VVIQ [2].
  • Kwelinye icala: malunga ne-6% bathi imifanekiso yabo icace ngokugqithiseleyo, nto leyo maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperphantasia; malunga ne-90% iphakathi kwezi meko [8].
  • Ayiluxilongo: i-aphantasia yindlela umntu abona ngayo izinto engqondweni, ayisosifo, yaye akukho phepha lemibuzo lifutshane elinokuyiqinisekisa.

Indlela olusebenza ngayo uvavanyo

  1. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni. Uza kubona 10 izinto zemihla ngemihla omele ube nomfanekiso wazo, ibe nye ngexesha, kuze kulandele 4 izinto ezibhekiselele kwezinye izivamvo.
  2. Nika amanqaku. Kwinto nganye, khetha indlela ebicace ngayo, ukusuka ku-“Akukho nto” ukuya ku-“Icace njengento yokwenene”. Vala amehlo ukuba oko kuyakunceda.
  3. Jonga amanqaku akho. Amanqaku akho emifanekiso yengqondo ngumndilili wezinto zemifanekiso, ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5. Amanqaku ezinye izivamvo aboniswa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Akukho mpendulo zichanekileyo, yaye akukho xesha libekiweyo.

Ukuqonda iziphumo zakho

  • Akukho mifanekiso kwaphela: ukhethe u-“Akukho nto” kuyo yonke into yemifanekiso. Le yindlela abantu abane-aphantasia abadla ngokuzichaza ngayo [1].
  • Imifanekiso engacacanga (umndilili we-2 okanye ngaphantsi): imifanekiso emininzi ibingacacanga okanye ingekho. Izifundo ezisebenzisa i-VVIQ zidla ngokubeka iimpendulo ezinjengezi kwiqela le-aphantasia [2].
  • Phakathi: imifanekiso icace ngokuphakathi ukuya kwecacileyo. Malunga nabantu abayi-9 kwabayi-10 baphendula ngolu hlobo kwi-VVIQ [8].
  • Imifanekiso ecace kakhulu (umndilili we-4.7 okanye ngaphezulu): phantse yonke into ibicace njengokuyibona ngamehlo. Izifundo zibiza oku ngokuba yi-hyperphantasia [4] [8].

La maqela alandela indlela abaphandi abahlula ngayo iimpendulo ze-VVIQ, kodwa imibuzo yethu yahlukile. Ngoko jonga eli qela njengenkcazelo yeempendulo zakho, hayi njengomlinganiselo.

Izinto ezifunyenwe luphando

  • Le nto yabonwa kudala. Ngo-1880, uFrancis Galton wacela abantu ukuba babe nomfanekiso wetafile yabo yesidlo sakusasa, baza abanye bathi ababonanga nto kwaphela [5].
  • Igama litsha. Ngo-2015, iqela lase-Exeter lachaza abantu abayi-21 ababengenayo okanye benemifanekiso yengqondo embalwa, laza layibiza ngokuba yi-aphantasia [1]. Ukususela ngoko, malunga nabantu abayi-2,000 abazibone kolu phawu baphendule imibuzo yelo qela [4].
  • Inokulinganiswa ngaphandle kwamagama. Kuvavanyo lokukhuphisana kwamehlo amabini, ukuba nomfanekiso kuqala kudla ngokutshintsha oko abantu bakubonayo emva koko, kodwa akunjalo kubantu abane-aphantasia [6].
  • Idla ngokuchaphazela nezinye izivamvo. Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-aphantasia kuphando olukhulu sathi asinamifanekiso yaso nasiphi na isivamvo; abanye babekwazi ukuba nemifanekiso yezandi, amavumba, incasa okanye ukubamba [4] [7].
  • Inkumbulo isebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Abantu abane-aphantasia badla ngokuthi inkumbulo yabo yexesha elidlulileyo neyobuso ibuthathaka, yaye uninzi lusaphupha lubona imifanekiso [4] [7].

Izinto olunokukuxelela nezo lungenakukuxelela zona olu vavanyo

Olu luvavanyo olufutshane olusekelwe koko uzixelelayo: lubonisa indlela ochaza ngayo ukucinga kwakho namhlanje, ngamazwi akho. Abantu bathetha izinto ezahlukeneyo xa besithi “kucacile”, ngoko abantu ababini abanamava afanayo engqondweni banokufumana amanqaku angafaniyo. Olu vavanyo aluxilongi nto, yaye amanqaku aphantsi okanye aphezulu awayongxaki. Ukuba unomdla, amaqela ophando ngamanye amaxesha aqhuba izifundo ngemifanekiso yengqondo onokuthi uthathe inxaxheba kuzo.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndine-aphantasia?

Zama ukuba nomfanekiso wento oyaziyo, njengobuso bomhlobo okanye umnyango wangaphambili wendlu yakho. Ukuba uyazi ukuba injani kodwa awuboni nto kwaphela, usenokuba ne-aphantasia. Abaphandi badla ngokuyihlola besebenzisa iphepha lemibuzo le-VVIQ [3], yaye abanye basebenzisa novavanyo olungaxhomekekanga kumagama [6]. Olu vavanyo lunika umbono wokuqala okhawulezayo, aluloxilongo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-aphantasia?

Kuvavanyo olwenziwa kubantu abadala abamalunga ne-1,000, malunga ne-3.9% yathi imifanekiso ayicaci kwaphela okanye ayikho, ibe malunga ne-0.8% yathi ayikho kwaphela [2]. Ezinye izifundo zifumana izabelo ezincinane ezifanayo, kuxhomekeke kumda eziwusebenzisayo.

Ngaba i-aphantasia sisifo?

Hayi. I-aphantasia ngumahluko kwindlela abantu ababa namava ngayo okucinga, ayisosigulo. Uninzi lwabantu abakhe bane-aphantasia ubomi babo bonke luphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, yaye abaninzi bafumanisa sele bekhulile ukuba abanye abantu babona imifanekiso ngokwenene [1] [4]. Kunqabile ukuba umntu aphulukane namandla okuba nemifanekiso emva kokwenzakala kwengqondo okanye ukugula; ukuba amandla akho okuba nemifanekiso atshintshe ngequbuliso, thetha nogqirha.

Ngaba unokuba ne-aphantasia kwezinye izivamvo?

Ewe. Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-aphantasia kuphando olukhulu sathi asinakuba nemifanekiso yezandi, amavumba, incasa okanye ukubamba, kanti abanye babekwazi [4]. Yiyo loo nto olu vavanyo lubuza nangezinye izivamvo.

Ngaba olu luvavanyo lwe-VVIQ?

Hayi. I-VVIQ liphepha lemibuzo elisetyenziswa kuphando oluninzi [3]. Olu vavanyo luluhlu lwethu olufutshane lwemibuzo, olubhalelwe eli phepha, ngoko amanqaku alo asebenzisa isikali salo.

Ngaba uvavanyo lwe-aphantasia lusimahla?

Ewe. Uvavanyo kunye nazo zonke iziphumo zakho kusimahla: akufuneki ubhalise, unike idilesi ye-imeyile okanye uhlawule.

Iimvavanyo ezinxulumene noku

Bona zonke iimvavanyo zengqondo zasimahla eziyi-43

Ufuna ukusebenza koku yonke imihla? I-app yeHelibrain (okwangoku ifumaneka ngesiNgesi) inesicwangciso sasimahla kunye nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo.

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo

Imithombo

  1. Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
  2. Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
  3. Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  4. Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
  5. Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
  6. Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
  7. Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
  8. Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107

Indlela esenze ngayo eli phepha: libhalwe liqela leHelibrain ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezidweliswe ngasentla, laza lahlolwa nguRobert(IsiNgesi) (umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysics) ngomhla we-Novemba 4, 2026. Siyalihlaziya xa imithombo itshintsha.