Muedzo weAphantasia

Vhara maziso uye fungidzira apuro. Unoriona here, kana kuti unongoziva zvarinotaridzika? Kuzviongorora kwemaminitsi 2 kuti uone kujeka kwemifananidzo iri mupfungwa. Ndezvemahara, hapana kunyoresa.

Nechikwata cheHelibrainYakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu), ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysicsYakabudiswa Yakapedzisira kuongororwa

Chii chinonzi aphantasia?

Aphantasia zvinoreva kusava nemifananidzo mupfungwa. Vanhu vane aphantasia vanogona kufunga nezveapuro uye kuziva kuti rinotaridzika sei, asi havarioni pavanorifungidzira. Zita iri rakatanga kushandiswa muna 2015 [1]. Muongororo yevanhu vakuru vangangosvika 1,000, vangangosvika 1 pa25 vakati mifananidzo yavo yepfungwa haina kujeka kana kuti havana zvachose [2]. Haisi chirwere.

Mashoko anokosha

  • Zvinoyerwa nekuongorora uku: kuti unoti mifananidzo yaunofungidzira yakajeka zvakadini, kubva pa1 (hapana mufananidzo) kusvika pa5 (yakajeka sekuona chaiko), pamwe chete nekunzwa inzwi, hwema, kuravira uye kubata chinhu.
  • Hausi VVIQ: gwaro remibvunzo rinoshandiswa nezvidzidzo zvakawanda ndiro Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [3]. Kuongorora uku kunoshandisa mibvunzo yedu pachedu, saka zvibodzwa zvacho hazvienzaniswi zvakananga nezvibodzwa zveVVIQ.
  • Kuwanda kwazvinoita: paVVIQ, vangangosvika 3.9% yevanhu vakuru vakati mifananidzo yavo haina kujeka kana kuti haipo, uye vangangosvika 0.8% vakati havana zvachose [2].
  • Kune rimwe divi: vangangosvika 6% vanoti mifananidzo yavo yepfungwa yakajeka zvikuru; izvi dzimwe nguva zvinonzi hyperphantasia. Vangangosvika 90% vari pakati nepakati [8].
  • Hakusi kuongororwa kwechirwere: aphantasia inzira yekuona nayo zvinhu mupfungwa, kwete chirwere, uye hapana gwaro remibvunzo pfupi rinogona kusimbisa kuti unayo.

Mashandiro ekuongorora uku

  1. Fungidzira. Uchapiwa zvinhu zvemazuva ose 10 kuti uzvifungidzire, chimwe nechimwe panguva yacho, wozopiwa 4 zvezvimwe zvinonzwiwa.
  2. Ongorora. Pachinhu chimwe nechimwe, sarudza kuti chainge chakajeka zvakadini, kubva pa"Hapana" kusvika pa"Chakajeka sechinhu chaicho". Vhara maziso kana zvichikubatsira.
  3. Ona zvibodzwa zvako. Chibodzwa chemifananidzo iri mupfungwa ivhareji yemifananidzo yacho, kubva pa1 kusvika pa5. Zvimwe zvinonzwiwa zvinoratidzwa zvakasiyana.

Hapana mhinduro dzakarurama kana dzisina kururama, uye hapana nguva yakatarwa.

Kunzwisisa zvabuda

  • Hapana mifananidzo zvachose: wakasarudza "Hapana" pachinhu chimwe nechimwe chemifananidzo. Ndiwo matsananguriro anowanzoitwa nevanhu vane aphantasia [1].
  • Mifananidzo isina kujeka (avhareji ye2 kana pasi): mifananidzo mizhinji yanga isina kujeka kana kuti isipo. Zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa VVIQ zvinowanzobatanidza mhinduro dzakadai neaphantasia [2].
  • Pakati nepakati: mifananidzo ine kujeka kuri pakati nepakati kusvika pakujeka. PaVVIQ, vangangosvika 9 pavanhu 10 vanopindura seizvi [8].
  • Mifananidzo yakajeka zvikuru (avhareji ye4.7 kana kupfuura): zvinenge zvese zvanga zvakajeka sekuona chaiko. Zvidzidzo zvinoti izvi hyperphantasia [4] [8].

Mapoka aya anotevedzera nzira inoshandiswa nevatsvakurudzi kuisa mhinduro dzeVVIQ mumapoka, asi mibvunzo yedu yakasiyana. Saka tora boka racho serondedzero yemhinduro dzako, kwete sechiyero.

Zvakawanikwa netsvakurudzo

  • Zvakaonekwa kare kare. Muna 1880, Francis Galton akakumbira vanhu kuti vafungidzire tafura yavo yemangwanani, uye vamwe vakati hapana chavakaona zvachose [5].
  • Zita racho idzva. Muna 2015, boka rekuExeter rakatsanangura vanhu 21 vaiva nemifananidzo mishoma kana kuti vasina, ndokutumidza mamiriro acho kuti aphantasia [1]. Kubva ipapo, vanhu vangangosvika 2,000 vakazviona mavari vakapindura mibvunzo yeboka iri [4].
  • Inogona kuyerwa pasina mashoko. Pakuedza kunonzi binocular rivalry, kufungidzira mufananidzo pakutanga kunochinja zvinozoonekwa nevanhu vakawanda, asi hakudaro kune vanhu vane aphantasia [6].
  • Kazhinji inoenderana nekusava nemifananidzo yezvimwe zvinonzwiwa. Muchidzidzo chikuru, inenge hafu yevanhu vane aphantasia vakati havana mifananidzo yepfungwa yezvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvinonzwiwa; vamwe vaikwanisa kufungidzira mamwe manzwi, hwema, zvinonaka kana kubatwa [4] [7].
  • Kurangarira kunosiyana. Vanhu vane aphantasia vanowanzotaura kuti havanyatsoyeuki zvakaitika kwavari kare kana zviso, uye vazhinji vachiri kurota vachiona mifananidzo [4] [7].

Zvaunogona nezvausingagoni kudzidza pakuongorora uku

Uku kuzvitsanangura kupfupi: kunoratidza mashandisiro aunoita mashoko kutsanangura fungidziro yako nhasi. Vanhu vanoreva zvinhu zvakasiyana pavanoti "zvakajeka", saka vanhu vaviri vane mafungiro akafanana vanogona kuwana zvibodzwa zvakasiyana. Uku hakusi kuongororwa kwechirwere, uye zvibodzwa zvakaderera kana zvakakwirira hazvirevi dambudziko. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda, dzimwe nguva mapoka evatsvakurudzi anoita zvidzidzo zvemifananidzo yepfungwa zvaunogona kupinda mazviri.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndinoziva sei kana ndine aphantasia?

Edza kufungidzira chinhu chaunoziva, chakadai sechiso cheshamwari kana gonhi repamba pako. Kana uchiziva kuti chinotaridzika sei asi usingaoni mufananidzo zvachose, unogona kunge uine aphantasia. Vatsvakurudzi vanowanzoongorora izvi vachishandisa gwaro remibvunzo reVVIQ [3], uye vamwe vanoshandisawo miedzo isingatsamiri pamashoko [6]. Kuongorora uku kunopa pfungwa yokutanga nokukurumidza, hakusi kuongororwa kwechirwere.

Aphantasia inowanika zvakadini?

Muongororo yevanhu vakuru vangangosvika 1,000, vangangosvika 3.9% vakati mifananidzo yavo yepfungwa haina kujeka kana kuti haipo, uye vangangosvika 0.8% vakati havana zvachose [2]. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinowana huwandu hudiki hwakafanana, zvichienderana nemuganhu wazvinosarudza.

Aphantasia idambudziko reutano here?

Kwete. Aphantasia musiyano wemanzwire anoita vanhu fungidziro, kwete chirwere. Vanhu vakawanda vava neaphantasia kubvira pakuzvarwa vanorarama upenyu hwakajairika, uye vazhinji vanongoziva vava vanhu vakuru kuti vamwe vanhu vanoona mifananidzo mupfungwa zvechokwadi [1] [4]. Kashoma, munhu anogona kurasikirwa nekugona kuona mifananidzo mupfungwa mushure mekukuvara kweuropi kana kurwara; kana kugona kwako uku kwachinja kamwe kamwe, taura nachiremba.

Ungava neaphantasia kune zvimwe zvinonzwiwa here?

Hongu. Muchidzidzo chikuru, inenge hafu yevanhu vane aphantasia vakati vaisakwanisawo kufungidzira manzwi, hwema, zvinonaka kana kubatwa; vamwe vaikwanisa [4]. Ndokusaka kuongorora uku kuchibvunzawo nezvezvimwe zvinonzwiwa.

Uku ndiko kuongorora kweVVIQ here?

Kwete. VVIQ ndiro gwaro remibvunzo rinoshandiswa netsvakurudzo zhinji [3]. Uku kuongorora kwedu pachako, kupfupika uye kwakagadzirirwa peji rino, saka zvibodzwa zvako zvine mwero wazvo.

Muedzo weaphantasia ndewemahara here?

Hongu. Kuongorora uku nemhinduro dzako dzakazara ndezvemahara: hapana kunyoresa, email kana kubhadhara.

Miedzo ine chekuita neiyi

Ona miedzo yose 43 yemahara yeuropi

Unoda kudzidzira izvi zuva nezuva here? App yeHelibrain (parizvino iri muChirungu) ine chirongwa chemahara nezvirongwa zvinobhadharwa.

Mibvunzo yakajairika

Zvinyorwa zvakashandiswa

  1. Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
  2. Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
  3. Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  4. Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
  5. Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
  6. Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
  7. Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
  8. Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107

Magadzirirwo atakaita peji rino: rakanyorwa nechikwata cheHelibrain zvichibva pazvidzidzo zviri pamusoro, uye rakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu) (ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysics) musi wa2026 Mbudzi 4. Tinorivandudza kana manyuko akachinja.