Gwajin Aphantasia

Rufe idanunka ka yi tunanin tuffa. Kana ganinta a tunaninka, ko dai kawai ka san kamanninta? Wannan gwajin kai na minti 2 ne don duba yadda hotunan da kake gani a tunaninka suke bayyana. Kyauta ne, ba sai an yi rajista ba.

Daga ƙungiyar HelibrainRobert(Turanci), ɗan takarar digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na halittu, ya duba shiAn wallafa An sake dubawa

Menene aphantasia?

Aphantasia na nufin rashin ganin hotuna a cikin tunani. Mutanen da ke da aphantasia za su iya tunanin tuffa kuma su san kamanninta, amma ba sa ganin hotonta idan sun yi tunaninta. An ƙirƙiri wannan kalma a 2015 [1]. A wani bincike da aka yi wa manya kusan 1,000, kusan mutum 1 cikin 25 ya ce yana da ƙarancin ikon hango hotuna ko kuma ba ya hango su sam [2]. Ba rashin lafiya ba ce.

Muhimman bayanai

  • Abin da wannan gwajin ke aunawa: yadda kake bayyana tsabtar hotunan da ka yi tunani, daga 1 (babu hoto) zuwa 5 (a sarari kamar kana gani), tare da sauti, ƙamshi, ɗanɗano da taɓawa guda ɗaya kowanne.
  • Ba VVIQ ba ne: tambayoyin bincike da yawancin nazarce-nazarce ke amfani da su ita ce Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [3]. Wannan gwajin yana amfani da tambayoyinmu, don haka ba za a iya kwatanta makinsa kai tsaye da na VVIQ ba.
  • Yadda abin yake yaduwa: kusan 3.9% na manya sun ce suna da ƙarancin ikon hango hotuna ko ba sa hango su, kuma kusan 0.8% sun ce ba sa hango komai sam, a gwajin VVIQ [2].
  • A ɗayan ƙarshen: kusan 6% sun ce hotunan da suke gani a tunani suna da tsabta sosai, abin da ake kira hyperphantasia a wasu lokuta; kusan 90% suna tsakanin waɗannan matakan [8].
  • Ba ganewar cuta ba ce: aphantasia wata hanya ce ta fuskantar tunani, ba cuta ba ce, kuma babu gajeriyar tambayoyi da za ta tabbatar da ita.

Yadda gwajin yake aiki

  1. Ka yi tunani. Za a nuna maka abubuwan yau da kullum 10 ka yi tunaninsu, ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan abubuwa 4 da suka shafi sauran gabban ji.
  2. Ka kimanta. Ga kowane abu, zaɓi yadda yake bayyana, daga "Ba komai" zuwa "A sarari kamar ainihin abin". Rufe idanunka idan hakan ya taimaka.
  3. Ka ga makinka. Makinka na tunanin hoto shi ne matsakaicin maki na abubuwan hoto, daga 1 zuwa 5. Ana nuna maki na sauran gabban ji daban-daban.

Babu amsar da ta dace ko ba daidai ba, kuma ba a ƙayyade lokaci ba.

Yadda za ka fahimci sakamakonka

  • Babu hoto ko kaɗan: ka zaɓi "Ba komai" ga kowane abu na hoto. Haka mutanen da ke da aphantasia sukan bayyana kansu [1].
  • Hotuna masu dusashewa (matsakaicin maki 2 ko ƙasa): yawancin hotunan sun kasance marasa bayyana sosai ko kuma ba su bayyana ba. Nazarce-nazarce da suka yi amfani da VVIQ sukan haɗa irin waɗannan amsoshi da aphantasia [2].
  • Tsakanin matakai: hotunan suna bayyana daga matsakaici zuwa sarari. Kusan mutum 9 cikin 10 kan ba da amsa haka a VVIQ [8].
  • Hotuna masu bayyana sosai (matsakaicin maki 4.7 ko sama): kusan komai ya bayyana a sarari kamar kana gani. Nazarin bincike yana kiran wannan hyperphantasia [4] [8].

Waɗannan matakan sun bi yadda masu bincike ke rarraba amsoshin VVIQ, amma tambayoyinmu sun bambanta. Saboda haka, ka ɗauki matakin a matsayin bayanin amsoshinka, ba ma'auni ba.

Abin da bincike ya gano

  • An lura da shi tun da daɗewa. A 1880, Francis Galton ya tambayi mutane su yi tunanin teburin karin kumallonsu, wasu kuma suka ce ba su ga komai ba [5].
  • Sunan sabon abu ne. A 2015, wata ƙungiya a Exeter ta bayyana mutane 21 da ba su da ikon hango hotuna ko kuma suke da ƙarancinsa, ta kira yanayin aphantasia [1]. Tun daga lokacin, kusan mutane 2,000 da suka gane cewa suna cikin wannan rukuni sun amsa tambayoyin ƙungiyar [4].
  • Ana iya auna shi ba tare da kalmomi ba. A gwajin hamayyar gani da idanu biyu, tunanin hoto da farko yana sauya abin da mutane za su gani daga baya a mafi yawansu, amma ba haka yake ga masu aphantasia ba [6].
  • Sau da yawa yana tare da sauran gabban ji. A wani babban bincike, kusan rabin mutanen da ke da aphantasia sun ce ba sa iya hango komai a kowane irin ji; sauran kuwa suna iya hango wasu sautuka, ƙamshi, ɗanɗano ko taɓawa [4] [7].
  • Ƙwaƙwalwa tana aiki dabam. Mutanen da ke da aphantasia sun fi yawan cewa ba sa iya tuna abubuwan da suka faru da su a baya da fuskoki sosai, amma yawancinsu har yanzu suna yin mafarki da hotuna [4] [7].

Abin da wannan gwajin zai iya gaya maka da wanda ba zai iya ba

Wannan gajeriyar tambayar kai ce: tana nuna yadda kake bayyana tunaninka a yau, da kalmominka. Mutane suna fahimtar kalmar "bayyana" ta hanyoyi dabam-dabam, don haka mutum biyu masu irin wannan abin da suke fuskanta a tunani za su iya samun maki dabam. Ba ya gano wata cuta, kuma ƙaramin maki ko babban maki ba matsala ba ne. Idan kana son ƙarin sani, ƙungiyoyin bincike kan gudanar da nazarce-nazarce kan hotunan tunani da za ka iya shiga.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Ta yaya zan san ko ina da aphantasia?

Ka gwada yin tunanin wani abu da ka saba da shi, kamar fuskar abokinka ko ƙofar gidanku. Idan ka san kamanninsa amma ba ka ganin komai sam, kana iya kasancewa kana da aphantasia. Masu bincike sukan tantance wannan da tambayoyin VVIQ [3], wasu kuma sukan yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ba sa dogara da kalmomi [6]. Wannan gwajin zai ba ka hasashe na farko cikin sauri, ba ganewar cuta ba.

Yaya aphantasia ta yadu?

A wani bincike da aka yi wa manya kusan 1,000, kusan 3.9% sun ce suna da ƙarancin ikon hango hotuna ko ba sa hango su, kuma kusan 0.8% sun ce ba sa hango komai sam [2]. Sauran nazarce-nazarce sun gano kaso makamancin wannan, gwargwadon yadda aka zana iyakar rarrabawar.

Shin aphantasia cuta ce?

A'a. Aphantasia bambanci ne a yadda mutane ke fuskantar tunani, ba rashin lafiya ba ce. Yawancin mutanen da suka kasance da aphantasia tun suna ƙanana suna rayuwa kamar kowa, kuma da yawa sai sun girma suke gano cewa wasu mutane suna ganin hotuna da gaske idan suna tunani [1] [4]. A wasu lokuta kaɗan, mutum kan rasa ikon hango hotuna bayan raunin ƙwaƙwalwa ko rashin lafiya; idan ikon hango hotuna ya sauya kwatsam, ka tuntubi likita.

Za a iya samun aphantasia a sauran gabban ji?

I. A wani babban bincike, kusan rabin mutanen da ke da aphantasia sun ce ba sa iya hango sautuka, ƙamshi, ɗanɗano ko taɓawa ma, yayin da sauran ke iya yin hakan [4]. Shi ya sa wannan gwajin yake tambaya game da sauran gabban ji ma.

Wannan shi ne VVIQ?

A'a. VVIQ ita ce tambayoyin da aka fi amfani da su a bincike [3]. Wannan gwajin namu gajerun tambayoyi ne da muka rubuta don wannan shafi, don haka ana auna makinsa da ma'auninsa na kansa.

Gwajin aphantasia kyauta ne?

I. Gwajin da cikakken sakamakonka kyauta ne: ba sai an yi rajista ba, ba a buƙatar imel, kuma ba a biyan kuɗi.

Gwaje-gwaje masu alaƙa

Duba dukkan 43 gwaje-gwajen ƙwaƙwalwa kyauta

Kana son yin wannan kowace rana? Manhajar Helibrain (cikin Turanci a yanzu) tana da tsarin kyauta da tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi.

Tambayoyin gama gari

Madogara

  1. Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
  2. Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
  3. Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  4. Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
  5. Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
  6. Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
  7. Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
  8. Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107

Yadda muka ƙirƙiri wannan shafi: ƙungiyar Helibrain ce ta rubuta shi daga binciken da aka jera a sama, kuma Robert(Turanci) (ɗan takarar digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na halittu) ya duba shi a ranar 4 Nuwamba, 2026. Muna sabunta shi idan majiyoyin sun canja.