Ukuhlolwa kwe-aphantasia

Vala amehlo ucabange nge-apula. Uyalibona engqondweni noma wazi nje ukuthi linjani? Ukuzihlola kwemizuzu engu-2 kokucaca kwezithombe zengqondo yakho. Kumahhala, akudingeki ubhalise.

Yithimba lakwa-HelibrainKubuyekezwe ngu-Robert(IsiNgisi), ofundela iziqu ze-PhD ku-biophysicsKushicilelwe Kubuyekezwe okokugcina ngo-

Iyini i-aphantasia?

I-aphantasia isho ukungabi nazo izithombe engqondweni. Abantu abane-aphantasia bangacabanga nge-apula futhi bazi ukuthi linjani, kodwa bangaliboni lapho belicabanga. Leli gama laqanjwa ngo-2015 [1]. Ocwaningweni olwenziwa kubantu abadala abangaba ngu-1,000, cishe umuntu oyi-1 kwabangu-25 wabika ukuthi izithombe azibona engqondweni zibuthaka kakhulu noma azikho nhlobo [2]. Akusona isifo.

Amaqiniso asheshayo

  • Lokhu kuhlola kukala ini: ukuthi uthi izithombe ozicabangayo zicace kangakanani, kusukela ku-1 (akukho sithombe) kuya ku-5 (kucace njengokubona ngamehlo), kanye nento eyodwa ehlobene nomsindo, iphunga, ukunambitha nokuthinta.
  • Akuyona i-VVIQ: uhlu lwemibuzo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundweni yi-Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [3]. Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa imibuzo yethu, ngakho izinombolo zakhona azinakuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile namaphuzu e-VVIQ.
  • Kuvame kangakanani: cishe u-3.9% wabantu abadala babika ukuthi izithombe abazibona engqondweni zibuthaka kakhulu noma azikho, kanti cishe u-0.8% babika ukuthi azikho nhlobo, ku-VVIQ [2].
  • Ngakolunye uhlangothi: cishe u-6% bachaza izithombe zabo zengqondo njengezicace ngokwedlulele, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa nge-hyperphantasia; cishe u-90% baphakathi nendawo [8].
  • Akusikho ukuxilongwa: i-aphantasia iyindlela umuntu abona ngayo izinto, akusona isifo, futhi alukho uhlu lwemibuzo olufushane olungaluqinisekisa.

Indlela ukuhlola okusebenza ngayo

  1. Cabanga. Uzonikezwa izinto ezijwayelekile ezingu-10 ozozicabanga, ngayinye ngesikhathi sayo, bese kuba nezinto ezingu-4 ezimayelana nezinye izinzwa.
  2. Linganisa. Entweni ngayinye, khetha ukuthi isithombe besicace kangakanani, kusukela kokuthi "Angiboni lutho" kuya kokuthi "Kucace njengento yangempela". Vala amehlo uma kusiza.
  3. Bona amaphuzu akho. Amaphuzu akho esithombe sengqondo ayisilinganiso samaphuzu ezinto ezinezithombe, kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-5. Ezinye izinzwa ziboniswa ngokwehlukana.

Azikho izimpendulo ezilungile noma ezingalungile, futhi akukho mkhawulo wesikhathi.

Ukuqonda umphumela wakho

  • Azikho nhlobo izithombe: ukhethe ukuthi "Angiboni lutho" kuyo yonke into enesithombe. Yile ndlela abantu abane-aphantasia abavame ukuzichaza ngayo [1].
  • Izithombe ezingacacile (isilinganiso esingu-2 noma esingaphansi): izithombe eziningi bezingacacile noma bezingekho. Ezifundweni ezisebenzisa i-VVIQ, izimpendulo ezinjengalezi zivame ukufakwa eqenjini le-aphantasia [2].
  • Kuphakathi nendawo: izithombe ezicace ngokusesilinganisweni kuya kwezicace kahle. Cishe abantu abangu-9 kwabangu-10 baphendula ngale ndlela ku-VVIQ [8].
  • Izithombe ezicace kakhulu (isilinganiso esingu-4.7 noma ngaphezulu): cishe yonke into ibicace njengokuyibona ngamehlo. Izifundo zibiza lokhu ngokuthi i-hyperphantasia [4] [8].

Lawa maqembu asekelwe endleleni abacwaningi abahlukanisa ngayo izimpendulo ze-VVIQ, kodwa imibuzo yethu yehlukile. Ngakho thatha leli qembu njengencazelo yezimpendulo zakho, hhayi njengesilinganiso.

Okutholwe ucwaningo

  • Kwaqashelwa kudala. Ngo-1880, uFrancis Galton wacela abantu ukuba bacabange itafula labo lasekuseni, abanye bathi ababoni lutho nhlobo [5].
  • Igama lisha. Ngo-2015, ithimba lase-Exeter lachaza abantu abangu-21 abanezithombe zengqondo ezimbalwa noma ezingenazo nhlobo, laqamba lesi simo ngokuthi i-aphantasia [1]. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abangaba ngu-2,000 abazibone benalesi simo baphendule uhlu lwemibuzo lwethimba [4].
  • Kungalinganiswa ngaphandle kwamagama. Ekuhlolweni kokuncintisana kokubona ngamehlo womabili, kubantu abaningi ukucabanga ngesithombe kuqala kushintsha lokho abakubona ngemva kwalokho, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki kubantu abane-aphantasia [6].
  • Kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izinzwa. Cishe uhhafu wabantu abane-aphantasia ocwaningweni olukhulu bathi abanazo nhlobo izithombe zengqondo kunoma yimuphi umuzwa; abanye babekwazi ukucabanga ngemisindo, amaphunga, ukunambitheka noma ukuthinta okuthile [4] [7].
  • Inkumbulo isebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Abantu abane-aphantasia bavame ukubika ukuthi bakhumbula kancane okwedlule kwabo nobuso babantu, kodwa iningi labo lisaphupha libona izithombe [4] [7].

Lokhu kuhlola okungakutshela nokungakwazi ukukutshela

Lokhu ukuzibika okufushane: kubonisa indlela ochaza ngayo umcabango wakho namuhla, ngamagama akho. Abantu baqonda izinto ezihlukile ngegama elithi "ukucaca", ngakho abantu ababili abanokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo ngaphakathi bangathola amaphuzu angafani. Lokhu akuxilongi lutho, futhi amaphuzu aphansi noma aphezulu awayona inkinga. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, amaqembu ocwaningo kwesinye isikhathi enza izifundo ngezithombe zengqondo ongazibamba iqhaza kuzo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-aphantasia?

Zama ukucabanga ngento oyijwayele, njengobuso bomngane noma umnyango wakho wangaphambili. Uma wazi ukuthi ibukeka kanjani kodwa ungaboni lutho nhlobo engqondweni, kungenzeka une-aphantasia. Abacwaningi bavame ukuhlola lokhu ngohlu lwemibuzo lwe-VVIQ [3], kanti abanye basebenzisa nokuhlola okungancikile emazwini [6]. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza umbono wokuqala osheshayo, akusikho ukuxilongwa.

Ivame kangakanani i-aphantasia?

Ocwaningweni olwenziwa kubantu abadala abangaba ngu-1,000, cishe u-3.9% babika ukuthi izithombe abazibona engqondweni zibuthaka kakhulu noma azikho, kanti cishe u-0.8% babika ukuthi azikho nhlobo [2]. Ezinye izifundo zithola amaphesenti amancane afanayo, kuye ngokuthi zibeka kuphi umngcele.

Ingabe i-aphantasia iwukuphazamiseka kwengqondo?

Cha. I-aphantasia umehluko endleleni abantu ababa ngayo nomcabango, akusona isifo. Iningi labantu abane-aphantasia ababe nayo kusukela bazalwa liphila impilo evamile, futhi abaningi bathola sebekhulile kuphela ukuthi abanye abantu babona izithombe ngempela lapho becabanga [1] [4]. Akuvamile, kodwa umuntu angalahlekelwa ikhono lokubona izithombe engqondweni ngemva kokulimala kobuchopho noma ukugula; uma leli khono lakho lishintshe kungazelelwe, khuluma nodokotela.

Ungaba ne-aphantasia kwezinye izinzwa?

Yebo. Cishe uhhafu wabantu abane-aphantasia ocwaningweni olukhulu bathi nabo abakwazi ukucabanga ngemisindo, amaphunga, ukunambitheka noma ukuthinta, kanti abanye babekwazi [4]. Yingakho lokhu kuhlola kubuza nangezinye izinzwa.

Ingabe lokhu kuhlolwa kuyi-VVIQ?

Cha. I-VVIQ wuhlu lwemibuzo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni [3]. Lokhu kuhlola kuyisethi yethu yemibuzo emifushane, ebhalelwe leli khasi, ngakho amaphuzu akho asebenzisa isikali sawo.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-aphantasia kumahhala?

Yebo. Ukuhlola nomphumela wakho ophelele kumahhala: akudingeki ubhalise, unikeze i-imeyili noma ukhokhe.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene

Bona konke ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kwamahhala okungu-43

Ufuna ukusebenza kulokhu nsuku zonke? Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Helibrain (okwamanje lutholakala ngesiNgisi) lunohlelo lwamahhala kanye nezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo.

Imibuzo evamile

Imithombo

  1. Zeman A, Dewar M, Della Sala S (2015). Lives without imagery: congenital aphantasia. Cortex 73:378–380. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019
  2. Dance CJ, Ipser A, Simner J (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition 97:103243. doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243
  3. Marks DF (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology 64(1):17–24. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  4. Zeman A, Milton F, Della Sala S, et al. (2020). Phantasia: the psychological significance of lifelong visual imagery vividness extremes. Cortex 130:426–440. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.003
  5. Galton F (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind 5(19):301–318. doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301
  6. Keogh R, Pearson J (2018). The blind mind: no sensory visual imagery in aphantasia. Cortex 105:53–60. doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.012
  7. Dawes AJ, Keogh R, Andrillon T, Pearson J (2020). A cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery, memory and dreaming in aphantasia. Scientific Reports 10:10022. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65705-7
  8. Wright DJ, Scott MW, Kraeutner SN, et al. (2024). An international estimate of the prevalence of differing visual imagery abilities. Frontiers in Psychology 15:1454107. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454107

Indlela esenze ngayo leli khasi: libhalwe yithimba lakwa-Helibrain kusetshenziswa izifundo ezibalwe ngenhla, futhi labuyekezwa u-Robert(IsiNgisi) (umfundi oqhubeka neziqu zobudokotela ku-biophysics) ngo-Novemba 4, 2026. Sibuyekeza lokhu lapho imithombo ishintsha.