Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Udidi kuphononongo | Uqikelelo | Indlela yokubala amanqaku esetyenzisiweyo |
|---|---|---|
| Uluhlu lokuba namandla abuthathaka okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni | 3.9% | Amanqaku e-VVIQ ewonke 16–32 |
| Ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba | 0.8% | Amanqaku e-VVIQ ewonke 16 |
| Imifanekiso engqondweni emfiliba okanye engacacanga, kolu luhlu lubuthathaka | 3.1% | Amanqaku e-VVIQ ewonke 17–32 |
Eli phepha lidibanisa iisampulu ezimbini zabathathi-nxaxheba abayi-502. Lichonga abantu abangama-39 abakolu luhlu lubanzi lokuba namandla abuthathaka okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni, kuquka abasibhozo abanawona manqaku asezantsi. Lo mahluko ubalulekile kuba inkcazelo ebanzi yokuba namandla abuthathaka okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni inika izinga lokuxhaphaka elahlukileyo kunalelo lifuna ukuba kungabikho mifanekiso kwaphela. Apha ikhweshine isebenzisa amanqaku asezantsi ukubonisa amandla abuthathaka okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni. Dance et al., 2022
Ilinganisa ntoni le khweshine?
I-Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire ibuza ngamava omntu okubonwayo engqondweni. Umsebenzi wokuqala kaMarks wazisa lo mlinganiselo; izifundo zamva ezithetha ngokungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni ziwusebenzisa kunye neendlela ezicacileyo zokubala amanqaku. Ukuguqula indlela ezilandelelana ngayo iimpendulo kuyayitshintsha intsingiselo yenani lilonke, ngoko akufanele kukhutshelwe umda wamanqaku kungakhange kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lwekhweshine olusetyenzisiweyo. MARKS, 1973 Dance et al., 2022
Ukuzixela kunika ulwazi ngamava omntu, kodwa akufani nomsebenzi wokuvavanya indlela izivamvo ezisebenza ngayo okanye nomlinganiselo othe ngqo wobuchopho. UKeogh noPearson basebenzisa uvavanyo lokhuphiswano lwamehlo omabini ukuphanda imifanekiso yezivamvo, bebonisa indlela abaphandi abanokubuza ngayo umbuzo onxulumene nalo besebenzisa enye indlela. Umlinganiselo omnye awunakuthatha indawo yomnye ngokuzenzekelayo. Keogh et al., 2018
Ngaba ukungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni kuthetha ukungabi nangcinga?
Akukho sigqibo sibanzi ngolo hlobo sinokufikelelwa. Uphando luthetha ngamava athile okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni, ingakumbi ukuyenza ngokuzithandela leyo ibonakalayo. Iingxelo zikaZeman noogxa bakhe kunye nophononongo olubanzi lwemifanekiso engqondweni zahlula amanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi okucaca kwemifanekiso kuzo zonke iindlela zokucinga, ubuchule bokuyila okanye ulwazi. Umntu unokuqonda aze acinge ngesiganeko engakhange achaze ukuba unomfanekiso ocacileyo engqondweni. Zeman et al., 2015 Zeman et al., 2020 Pearson, 2019
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Kuthekani ngenkumbulo namaphupha?
UDawes noogxa bakhe bachaza iindlela abantu abazixela ngazo izinto abazibonayo engqondweni, inkumbulo namaphupha, kubantu abazibona benokungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni. Ezi ziindlela ezibonakala kumaqela abantu, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu; aziyomithetho ethetha ukuba wonke umntu uphupha ngendlela efanayo okanye unengxaki efanayo yenkumbulo. Indlela yokulinganisa nokufumana abathathi-nxaxheba nayo mayiqwalaselwe xa kutolikwa iziphumo. Dawes et al., 2020
Uphononongo lokuzoba lukaBainbridge noogxa bakhe lwafumanisa umahluko phakathi kwendlela yokukhumbula izinto nendlela yokukhumbula indawo. Aluxhasi ibango lokuba abantu abangazenziyo imifanekiso ebonakalayo engqondweni abanankumbulo yezinto ezibonwayo okanye abanakumela ubudlelwane bendawo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zenkumbulo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Bainbridge et al., 2021
Ngaba ubudala nesini bumisela izinga lokuxhaphaka?
Kuphononongo oludibanise iisampulu malunga nezinga lokuxhaphaka, uqikelelo lwabasetyhini nolwamadoda aluzange lwahluke ngokwezibalo phantsi kweenkcazelo ezivavanyiweyo. Oko akubobungqina bokuba zilingana ngokupheleleyo kuwo onke amaqela abantu. Iisampulu, ubudala babathathi-nxaxheba nomda wamanqaku okhethiweyo kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo kubo bonke abantu; uluntu olukwi-intanethi oluzinikele kumbandela wemifanekiso engqondweni beluya kuba nendlela eyahlukileyo yokufumana abathathi-nxaxheba. Dance et al., 2022
Yintoni onokuyifunda ngokwenene kuvavanyo olukwi-intanethi?
Ikhweshine inokunceda ekuchazeni indlela oyibika ngayo imifanekiso engqondweni nasekucaciseni amagama asetyenziswa ukuyichaza. Ayifanele iguqule amanqaku aphantsi abe luxilongo lwezonyango okanye ibango ngobukrelekrele. Iindidi ezisetyenziswe kuphononongo lwezinga lokuxhaphaka ziinkcazelo ezisebenzayo zophando, azingomgaqo osebenza kuzo zonke iikhweshine zewebhu. Dance et al., 2022 MARKS, 1973
Kwakhona, le mithombo ayibeki ndlela yoqeqesho evunyiweyo eqinisekisa ukuba umntu ongachaziyo ukuba unemifanekiso ecacileyo engqondweni uya kuqalisa ukuba nayo. Eyona nto isebenzayo kukuqonda indlela abantu abahluke ngayo nemida yalo mlinganiselo, kunokuthembisa unyango okanye ukuphucuka. Pearson, 2019 Zeman et al., 2020
Amanani athi 3.9% no-0.8% aluncedo kanye xa inkcazelo yentsingiselo yawo ihamba nawo. Ukuyisusa loo nkcazelo kunokwenza imibuzo emibini eyahlukileyo ibonakale ngathi inempendulo enye ephikisanayo. Dance et al., 2022
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lokungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni
Zama ikhweshine yokungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni ukuze uphonononge indlela ochaza ngayo ukwenza imifanekiso ebonakalayo ngokuzithandela. Funda ukuba amanqaku ayo ahlelwe njani, uze uwathathe njengengxelo yakho kuphela. Iipesenti ezipapashiweyo azichazi ukuba unoxilongo oluthile okanye ukuba ukweliphi izinga labantu base-Helibrain.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba izinga lokuxhaphaka yi-0.8% okanye yi-3.9%?
Zombini ziphuma kuphononongo oludibanise iisampulu, kodwa zisebenzisa iinkcazelo ezahlukileyo: ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo njengoko kuchaziwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu olubanzi lokuba namandla abuthathaka okwenza imifanekiso engqondweni. Dance et al., 2022
Ngaba ukungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni kuthetha ukungaphuphi?
Akukho mgaqo osebenza kumntu wonke onokufikelelwa. Uphononongo lweeprofayili zengqondo lubika umahluko kumava emifanekiso engqondweni nawokuphupha. Dawes et al., 2020
Ngaba ukuba nemifanekiso engqondweni ebuthathaka kuthetha ukuba nenkumbulo yendawo ebuthathaka?
Akuthethi njalo. Uphononongo lokuzoba lwahlula inkumbulo yezinto kuleyo yendawo, endaweni yokuthatha yonke inkumbulo njengesakhono esinye. Bainbridge et al., 2021
Imithombo
- Dance et al. (2022). Ukuxhaphaka kokungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni (ubuthathaka bemifanekiso engqondweni) kubantu ngokubanzi.
- MARKS (1973). Umahluko kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo engqondweni xa kukhunjulwa imifanekiso.
- Keogh et al. (2018). Ingqondo engaboni: Akukho mifanekiso yezivamvo ebonakalayo engqondweni xa umntu engakwazi ukuyenza.
- Zeman et al. (2015). Ubomi obungenamifanekiso engqondweni – ukungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni kwasekuzalweni.
- Zeman et al. (2020). I-Phantasia – ukubaluleka ngokwengqondo kokwahluka okugqithisileyo kokucaca kwemifanekiso ebonakalayo engqondweni ebomini bonke.
- Pearson (2019). Ingcinga yomntu: inzululwazi yengqondo yemifanekiso ebonakalayo engqondweni.
- Dawes et al. (2020). Iprofayili yengqondo yemifanekiso yezivamvo ezininzi, inkumbulo namaphupha xa umntu engakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni.
- Bainbridge et al. (2021). Ukulinganisa ukungakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso engqondweni ngokuzoba: Abantu abangenayo imifanekiso ebonakalayo engqondweni babonisa ubuthathaka kwinkumbulo yezinto, kodwa hayi kweyendawo.