Im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām

Lí thiaⁿ ē tshut tó chi̍t ê im-tiau khah koân bô? Tshōe lí ē thiaⁿ tio̍h ê siōng sè im-tiau tshai-khueh, tùi-tio̍h lī-lio̍k phah, koh lâi tshì hō͘ im-siāng khah miâ. Tāi-khaⁿ 4 hun-tsing, bô-huat-tsînn, bô-bián teng-lio̍k.

Helibrain ê tiōng-tsèng ê lângTùi Robert(Ióng-bûn) kàu-kòe, seng-bu̍t li̍k-ha̍k PhD tshù-pī-seng hu-pò͘Siōng-kīn chi̍t pái kàu-kòe

Kán-tan khòaⁿ lí ê kiat-kó

  • Lí thiaⁿ tio̍h ê siōng sè im-tiau tshai-khueh: īn-tsing (cents). Pêng-kun-lūn, tī nn̄g ê lân-khìng phian-khiāⁿ ê phian-khiāⁿ, sī 100 īn-tsing. Tsit ê tshai-khueh, lí tī 10 pái lāi thong-siông ē hun-pia̍t tio̍h 7 pái. Tshai-khueh khah sè, im-tiau kám-kak khah tshing-tshó.
  • Tùi-tio̍h ê phah-pō͘: lí phah hō͘ khah tsūn ê 5 tuāⁿ lī-lio̍k ê sò͘-lāi. Lio̍k-tō͘ m̄ sǹg tī lāi: pi-khuànn liáu-tsìn, ē kā lí ê phah-pō͘ lâi tuì-tsún lī-lio̍k ê tuāⁿ-tō͘.
  • Lī-lio̍k sî-kan tsha-khueh: lí phah ê lī-lio̍k hāu, kâng tsūn lī-lio̍k ê sî-kan tsha-khueh, kàu-ta̍t pîng-kun kám-kak kè-tshut kùih-pah-pun-tsí.
  • Miâ-tshut ê im (khó-iú-á ê khuaⁿ-tsiat): lí tsūn-tsiàⁿ miâ-tshut ê tān-im sò͘-lāi. Tsha chi̍t ê pêng-kun-lūn, tī pîng-kun-pun-piáu ê phah-sǹg lāi ē tit tio̍h chi̍t-kuânn hun-sò͘, siūⁿ-khó͘-kiáⁿ sī án-ne phah-sǹg ê [1].

Pîng-siông ê hī-khang ū kuá-ni̍h hó?

Pêng-kun-lūn sī 100 īn-tsing. Tī si̍t-nghiām-pàng ê gián-kiù lāi, pîng-siông bô ha̍k im-ga̍k ê lâng ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h tāi-khaⁿ 12 tńg 35 īn-tsing ê im-tiau tsha-pia̍t; ū ha̍k-kap ê im-ga̍k-ka ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h tāi-khaⁿ 2 tńg 17 īn-tsing ê tsha-pia̍t [2][3][4]. Tsi̍p-si̍p ū tāi-khaⁿ ê pang-tsān: bô ha̍k im-ga̍k ê lâng tsi̍p-si̍p 4 tńg 8 tiám-tsing, thiaⁿ-im ê lîng-li̍k ē kàu im-ga̍k-ka ê tē-pō͘ [2]. Tsūn-tsiàⁿ ê im-tiau bô-khì (sian-thiⁿ-sèng im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám) sī siuⁿ tsió-kiàn, tāi-khaⁿ 1.5% ê tāi-jîn ū [5].

Khuài-sū sió-thong-tsai

  • Im-tiau bô-khì tsin tsió-kiàn: tī chi̍t ê phân-kiong tāi-khaⁿ 16,600 miâ tāi-jîn ê tī-sòaⁿ gián-kiù lāi, tāi-khaⁿ 1.5% ê tāi-jîn ū sian-thiⁿ-sèng im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám; tsit ê huān-tsōng sī kúi-sèng ê im-ga̍k im-tiau thiaⁿ bô tshing-tshó [5]. Ū khah tsē lâng kóng「 góa chhiàng bē hó-thiaⁿ 」.
  • Tsi̍p-si̍p ē hō͘ im-tiau thiaⁿ khah tshing-tshó: ku-tián im-ga̍k-ka ê im-tiau tshai-khueh, khui-sí sī bô ha̍k im-ga̍k ê lâng ê 6 pái tsē tshing-tshó. Bô ha̍k im-ga̍k ê lâng tsi̍p-si̍p 4 tńg 8 tiám-tsing liáu, ē pó͘-uāⁿ tsit ê khueh-kháu [2].
  • Perfect pitch kap sè-hàn tsi̍p-si̍p kap gí-giân ū koân-kiān: tī 4 tńg 5 hòe tsiah khui-sí ha̍k im-ga̍k ê ha̍k-seng lāi, Pak-king tāi-khaⁿ 60%, bí-kok chi̍t ê im-ga̍k-hak-hāu tāi-khaⁿ 14% ū perfect pitch [6].
  • 「10,000 ê 1 ê」sī bô siánn-mi̍h siū-kò͘ ê sò͘-jī: perfect pitch siông-siuⁿ hō͘ lâng thàn ê tì-lō͘, sī 1955 nî chi̍t ê siūⁿ-khó͘-kiáⁿ tùi in káu-khui ūn-tōng ê im-ga̍k-ka lâi siū-kò͘, m̄ sī tùi jīm-ì tshòng-tshì ê lâng khì phah-sǹg [7].
  • Lâng-lâng phah lī-lio̍k ē khah tsá: phah lī-lio̍k tùi-tio̍h tshit, tōa-pō͘-hūn ê lâng ē pí tshit tsá kúi-tsāi millisecond [8].

Im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām án-tsuáⁿ kiâⁿ

  1. Siaⁿ-im kiám-tsa. Lí ē thiaⁿ tio̍h sì ê im-sio̍ng sūn-sū koân khí-lâi, hō͘ lí tiâu-tio̍h tshù-ì ê im-lō͘. Siaⁿ-im tuā m̄-sī khah hó.
  2. Khah koân á khah kē? Nn̄g ê im-sio̍ng sūn-sū phah tshut-lâi. Tē-jī ê im-sio̍ng khah koân á khah kē? Tē-it ê im-tiau pái-pái lóng ē kái, tī 330 kap 660 Hz tiong-kan, só͘-í lí bē thang kì tio̍h kó͘-tē ê im. Khui-sí ê tshai-khueh sī 100 īn-tsing. Liân-sòa tuì-tio̍h nn̄g pái, tshai-khueh ē khah sè; tshò-pái chi̍t pái, tshai-khueh ē khah tuā. Tsit ê「2-tùi, 1-tshò」kuī-tat, ē tsīn-tsiām khòaⁿ-tio̍h lí tāi-khaⁿ 71% ê sî-tsūn ē tuì [9]. Tī 10 pái hoán-tsuán tiám liáu-āu ē thîng, lí ê kiat-kó sī siōng bē 6 pái ê pîng-kun.
  3. Lī-lio̍k. Chi̍t tuāⁿ phióng-phióng lī-lio̍k ē phah 2 pái; liáu-āu lí phah hō͘. Kám-kóng ū 5 tuāⁿ lī-lio̍k.
  4. Perfect pitch tshì-giām (khó-iú-á ê khuaⁿ-tsiat). 12 ê tān-im, bô tham-khó im, mā bô hō͘ lí tí-sī. Tī im-phu ê phím-phuán sing hō͘ in khǹg miâ.

Sǹg-sò͘ lóng tī lí ê browser lāi phah-tsō, bô thâu-tsiàu tī-hng ê lio̍k-im.

Perfect pitch tshì-giām

Perfect pitch (absolute pitch) tō-sī bô thiaⁿ tham-khó im, to̍h ē kóng-tit tshut im-sio̍ng ê miâ. Tī chi̍t ê tuā-hîng tī-sòaⁿ gián-kiù lāi, ū perfect pitch ê lâng tit-tio̍h ê hun-sò͘ pí kiânn-lâng koân khue̍h-tsē; hun-sò͘ hō͘ nn̄g ê hun-kun, tiong-kan bô kúi ê lâng [1]. Ū kúi tsē, ài khuànn lí mn̄g siánn-mi̍h lâng: tāi-khaⁿ 30% ê Ji̍t-pún im-ga̍k ha̍k-seng kap 7% ê Pó-lik im-ga̍k ha̍k-seng kè kuè nghiām-kik ê tshì-giām [7], sè-hàn sió ê sî tsi̍p-si̍p, kap thiaⁿ-im gí-giân ē hō͘ koân-tōo khah koân [6]. Tāi-pō͘-hūn ê lâng, tsu̍t-sái sī tuā-pō͘-hūn ê hó im-ga̍k-ka, ū ê sī siong-tùi im-tiau: in thiaⁿ-tio̍h im-siōng tiong-kan ê tshai-pia̍t, m̄-sī im-siōng pún-sin.

Siáⁿ-mi̍h ē siūⁿ-khióng lí ê kiat-kó?

  • Im-ga̍k tsi̍p-si̍p. Kúi nî phah ga̍k-khì á sing-kua, ē hō͘ im-tiau tshai-khueh khah hó thiaⁿ [2][3].
  • Tī tsit ê tshì-giām tsi̍p-si̍p. Thiaⁿ-im tshai-khueh tī thâu-kui pái ē kàng, tsi̍t-ê sî-kan lāi ê tshì-giām mā sī án-ne [2]. Lí khò͘-khò͘ ê sî, kā lí tsiah-tsiah ê kiat-kó kap tsit pái pí-pì.
  • Thâu-tshing kap tshù. Thâu-tshing kap an-tsīng ê tshù ū pang-tsān. Tshaⁿ-sè ê tiān-uē siaⁿ-khong ē hō͘ tē-pō͘ im-sio̍ng khó thiaⁿ.
  • Tsù-ì kap phah-phiàn. Chi̍t pái tshì-giām bô tsù-ì, tshai-khueh tō ē koh khah tuā.
  • Lī-lio̍k kuàn-si̍p. Lâng phah lī-lio̍k ê sî, siông-siông ē lóng-khòaⁿ khì khah kán-tan ê lī-lio̍k, pí-tshiong tuā-im khah túi, tāi-khaⁿ sī sió-im ê nn̄g pái [10]. Ta̍k lâng lóng ē ū chi̍t-kuá「tshò」sī pîng-siông ê.

Tsit ê tshì-giām ē kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h, mā bē kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h

Helibrain im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām sī chi̍t ê hì-khang hí-hiām, kiat-kó kīn-kīn sī tsi̍t-ê gián-kiù tshì-giām ê kuàn-lē. Tsit m̄-sī thiaⁿ-kak tshì-giām, m̄-sī im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám ê phuànn-tuàn, mā m̄-sī gián-kiù-iōng ê im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám tshì-giām kuàn-tshiong (pí-tshiong Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Browser ê im-sio̍ng kap siaⁿ-khong m̄-sī si̍t-nghiām-pàng ê kì-khì, só͘-í lí ê sò͘-jī ài khòaⁿ-tsò tāi-khaⁿ ê tham-khó.

Nā lí phō͘-khì lí ê thiaⁿ-kak, pí-tshiong kóng-uē thiaⁿ khí-lâi mū-mū, tshing-khì khòaⁿ i-seng á im-kho-kho.

Siông-kiàn bûn-tê

Án-tsuáⁿ tsai-iáⁿ ka-kī im-tiau bô-khì?

Nā lí ē thiaⁿ-tit tshut nn̄g ê im-sio̍ng ê koân-tē, tī pêng-kun-lūn (100 īn-tsing) ê tsha-pia̍t, lí siōng-tōa-khái bô im-tiau bô-khì: tāi-pō͘-hūn ê lâng thiaⁿ ē tio̍h khah sè ê tshai-khueh [2][4]. Tsūn-tsiàⁿ ê im-tiau bô-khì, sian-thiⁿ-sèng im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám, iáu-khaⁿ tāi-khaⁿ 1.5% ê tāi-jîn [5], ài ēng khah kuân ê gián-kiù tshì-giām lâi phuànn-tuàn. Helibrain im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām hō͘ lí ū chi̍t ê khui-thâu siūⁿ-huat, m̄-sī phuànn-tuàn.

Kùih-pah-pun-tsí ê lâng ū im-tiau bô-khì?

Tī chi̍t ê phân-kiong tī-sòaⁿ gián-kiù lāi, gián-kiù ê tāi-khaⁿ 16,600 miâ 18 tńg 65 hòe ê tāi-jîn, tāi-khaⁿ 1.5% ū sian-thiⁿ-sèng im-ga̍k bô-huat-kám [5]. 1980 nî ê khó͘-kiù gián-kiù ēng bē kâng ê tshì-giām kap khah khuán ê tōng-gī, siūⁿ-khó͘ i ū 4% [12]. Ū khah tsē lâng sī in ka-kī siūⁿ-kóng im-tiau bô-khì, in kā kua sing bô hó; kua sing kap thiaⁿ im-tiau sī nn̄g tsióng bô kâng ê lîng-li̍k.

Perfect pitch ū kuá-ni̍h tsió-kiàn?

Tī tāi-pō͘-hūn ê lâng lāi, perfect pitch sī tsió-kiàn ê, m̄-koh bô lâng tshòng-tshì kuè tsūn-tsiàⁿ ū kuá-ni̍h tsió-kiàn. Tsē lâng thàn ê「10,000 ê 1 ê」sī kú-tsá ê siū-kò͘, ū-kiù tsin tsió [7]. Tī im-ga̍k ha̍k-seng lāi, ū kúi ê kùih-pah-pun-tsí kàu tāi-khaⁿ 30%, ài khuànn án-tsuáⁿ khui-sí tsi̍p-si̍p kap gí-giân [6][7].

Tāi-jîn ē ha̍k-tit perfect pitch bô?

Tāi-jîn ē ēng kàu tsin tsē tsi̍p-si̍p lâi ha̍k-tit jīn-tit chi̍t-kuá im-sio̍ng, m̄-koh tsūn-tsiàⁿ ê perfect pitch kap sè-hàn sió ê sî khì im-ga̍k-ha̍k-hāu tsi̍p-si̍p ū tsin tuā ê koân-kiān [6]. Siong-tùi im-tiau, to̍h-sī thiaⁿ im-siōng tiong-kan ê tshai-pia̍t, sī tāi-pō͘-hūn ê im-ga̍k-ka ū ēng ê, koh bô-lūn kuá-ni̍h hòe, tsi̍p-si̍p lóng ē ū hó ê pang-tsān [2].

Im-tiau tshì-giām siáⁿ-mi̍h hun-sò͘ sī hó?

Tī si̍t-nghiām-pàng ê gián-kiù lāi, bô ha̍k im-ga̍k ê lâng pîng-siông ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h tāi-khaⁿ 12 tńg 35 īn-tsing ê tsha-pia̍t; ū ha̍k-kap ê im-ga̍k-ka ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h tāi-khaⁿ 2 tńg 17 īn-tsing [2][3][4]. Kiâⁿ-tio̍h 10 īn-tsing ē-kha ê kiat-kó sī tsin tshing-tshó ê hī-khang. Kè-kuè 100 īn-tsing (pêng-kun-lūn) sī bô siông-siông, khò͘-khò͘ tī an-tsīng ê tshù, ēng thâu-tshing koh tshì chi̍t pái.

Helibrain im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām tsūn-tsiàⁿ bô-huat-tsînn bô?

Sī. Tshì-giām kap lí ê tsuân-pō͘ kiat-kó lóng bô-huat-tsînn: bô-bián teng-lio̍k, bô email, mā bô-bián phah-tsînn. Helibrain tùi i ê app kiâⁿ-thâu, app ū bô-huat-tsînn kap ū-huat-tsînn ê siu-khuán; lí m̄-bián ēng app to̍h ē thang tshì-giām.

Siong-kuan ê tshì-giām

Khòaⁿ tsuân-pō͘ 43 hông-bîⁿ ê tāu-lāi tshì-giām

Nā beh ta̍k-ji̍t tsò tsit-ê? Helibrain app (hiān-tsāi iáu-koh sī Ióng-bûn) ū bô su-iàu tsînn ê kè-uē kap siu-tsînn ê kè-uē.

Ín-iōng chit ê bāng-ia̍h: Im-tiau bô-khì tshì-giām. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nan/tone-deaf-test. CC BY 4.0.

Siông-kiàn ê būn-tê

How this test works

This ear game has two parts and an optional third. First, two tones play and you say whether the second was higher or lower. The difference shrinks after two right answers and grows after a mistake, until it settles near the smallest step you can hear. That step, in cents, is your main score. Second, you tap back 5 short click rhythms. Third, you can name 12 single notes. This up-down method was described in 1971.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tone deaf test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tone-deaf-test/methods

Full method →

Siū-tshut

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (cent values as summarized in Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Tsit-ê ia̍h-mn̂g án-tsuánn tsò--ê: Helibrain ê tiōng-tsèng ê lâng kàu-kòe siōng-bīn liáu-lia̍t ê gián-kiù lâi siá, koh tùi 11/4/2026 hō͘Robert(Ióng-bûn) (seng-bu̍t li̍k-ha̍k PhD tshù-pī-seng) kàu-kòe. Tsu-liāu ū kái-kòe ê sî, guán ē kā tsit-ê ia̍h-mn̂g kái-kòe.