Muedzo Wokusanzwisisa Manzwi

Unogona kunzwa kuti nderipi inzwi rakakwirira here? Tsvaga musiyano muduku wemanzwi waunonzwa, dzokorora mutinhimira nekudzvanya, woedza kutumidza manzwi. Zvinotora maminitsi anenge 4, mahara uye hapana kunyoresa.

Nechikwata cheHelibrainYakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu), ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysicsYakabudiswa Yakapedzisira kuongororwa

Kunzwisisa mhinduro yako

  • Danho diki remanzwi rawakanzwa: rinoyerwa nema cent. Semitone, danho riri pakati pemakiyi epiyano ari pedyo, i100 cents. Iri ndiro danho rawakakwanisa kusiyanisa kanenge ka7 kubva pa10. Danho diki rinoratidza kunzwa kwakanyatsonaka.
  • Mitinhimira yawakatevedzera: kuti ndeipi pamitinhimira 5 yawakarova uchitevedzera zvakada kufanana. Kumhanya hakukoshese: kurova kwako kunotambanudzwa kuti kuenzane nourefu hwemutinhimira usati waenzaniswa.
  • Kukanganisa pakutevedzera nguva yemutinhimira: paavhareji, musiyano wepakati penguva pakati pekurova kwako nenguva dzemutinhimira, uchiratidzwa nezana.
  • Manzwi awakadoma (chikamu chaunogona kusarudza): nhamba yemanzwi ega ega awakadoma nemazvo. Kana wakakanganisa nesemitone imwe chete, unowana chikamu chemapoinzi muchikamu chezana, semaverengero anoitwa nevatsvakurudzi [1].

Nzeve yemunhuwo zvayo inonzwa zvakadini?

Chinhambwe chezwi chimwe masenti 100. Muzvidzidzo zvemarabhoritari, vanhuwo zvavo vasina kudzidziswa mimhanzi vanowanzonzwa musiyano wemanzwi unosvika masenti 12 kusvika 35; vaimbi vakadzidziswa vanogona kunzwa musiyano muduku unosvika masenti anenge 2 kusvika 17 [2][3][4]. Kudzidzira kunobatsira zvikuru: vanhu vasina kudzidziswa mimhanzi vakasvika pamwero wevaimbi mushure memaawa 4 kusvika 8 ekudzidzira [2]. Kusaona musiyano wemanzwi zvechokwadi (congenital amusia) hakuwanzoitiki; kunowanikwa munenge muna 1.5% yevanhu vakuru [5].

Mashoko anokurumidza

  • Kusaona musiyano wemanzwi hakuwanzoitiki: munenge muna 1.5% yevanhu vakuru mune congenital amusia, dambudziko reupenyu hwose rokutadza kunyatsonzwa kukwirira kwemanzwi emimhanzi. Izvi zvakawanikwa muchidzidzo chepaindaneti chakaongorora vanhu vakuru vanenge 16,600 [5]. Vanhu vakawanda zvikuru vanongoti “handikwanisi kuimba”.
  • Kudzidzira kunoita kuti unzwe musiyano wemanzwi zviri nani: pakutanga, vaimbi vemimhanzi yechinyakare vainzwa misiyano miduku kanopfuura ka6 pane vanhu vasina kudzidziswa mimhanzi. Vasina kudzidziswa mimhanzi vakapedza musiyano uyu mushure memaawa 4 kusvika 8 ekudzidzira [2].
  • Kunzwa inzwi rakakwana kunoenderana nekudzidziswa uchiri muduku uye nemutauro: pakati pevadzidzi vemimhanzi vakatanga zvidzidzo vaine makore 4 kusvika 5, vanenge 60% muBeijing uye 14% pachikoro chemimhanzi chepamusoro muUnited States vaiziva kunzwa inzwi rakakwana [6].
  • “Munhu 1 muvanhu 10,000” inhamba isina kusimba: nhamba inowanzotaurwa yokunzwa inzwi rakakwana yakabva pafungidziro yakaitwa muna 1955 zvichibva pavaimbi vakangosangana nomuongorori mumwe chete, kwete pavanhu vakasarudzwa nenzira inomiririra vanhu vose [7].
  • Vanhu vanowanzodzvanya nguva isati yasvika: pakudzvanya uchienderana nemutinhimira, vanhu vakawanda vanodzvanya mberi kwawo nemamirisekondi mashoma kusvika kumakumi mashoma [8].

Mashandiro anoita muedzo wokusanzwisisa manzwi

  1. Kuongorora inzwi. Unonzwa manzwi mana achikwira, kuti ugadzirise ruzha rwacho kuti runakidze. Ruzha rukuru harusi nani.
  2. Rakakwirira here kana kuti rakaderera? Unonzwa manzwi maviri achitevedzana. Rechipiri rakanga rakakwirira here kana kuti rakaderera pane rokutanga? Kukwirira kweinzwi rokutanga kunochinja nguva dzose, pakati pe330 ne660 Hz, saka haugoni kudzidza inzwi rimwe chete rakatarwa. Pakutanga musiyano wacho masenti 100. Kana wapindura zvakarurama kaviri akatevedzana, musiyano unodzikira; kana wapindura zvisizvo, unowedzera. Mutemo uyu we“2 pasi, 1 kumusoro” unowana mwero waunopindura zvakarurama kanenge 71% yenguva [9]. Muedzo unomira mushure memapoinzi 10 apo mafambiro anochinja, uye mhinduro yako ivhareji yemapoinzi 6 okupedzisira.
  3. Mutinhimira. Mutinhimira mupfupi wokudzvanya unoridzwa ka2; wozoidzokorora nokudzvanya. Kune mitinhimira 5.
  4. Muedzo wokunzwa inzwi rakakwana (wokusarudza). Manzwi ega ega 12, pasina inzwi rokufananidza uye pasina kuudzwa mhinduro. Doma rimwe nerimwe uchishandisa kiibhodhi yepiyano.

Manzwi ose anogadzirwa mubhurawuza rako; hapana akarekodhwa.

Muedzo wokunzwa inzwi rakakwana

Kunzwa inzwi rakakwana (absolute pitch) kugona kudoma inzwi usina kutanga wanzwa rimwe rokufananidza naro. Muchidzidzo chikuru chepaindaneti, vanhu vaigona kuita izvi vakawana zvibodzwa zvakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vamwe vose; zvibodzwa zvacho zvakakamukana kuita mapoka maviri, paine vanhu vashoma pakati pawo [1]. Kuwanda kwazvo kunoenderana nevanhu vaunobvunza: vanenge 30% yevadzidzi vemimhanzi vokuJapan uye 7% vokuPoland vakapasa muedzo wakaoma [7], uye zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvinotanga munhu achiri muduku pamwe chete nomutauro une manzwi anoshandura zvinoreva mashoko zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike zvikuru [6]. Vanhu vakawanda, kusanganisira vaimbi vakawanda vane unyanzvi, vanongonzwa misiyano pakati pemanzwi (relative pitch): vanonzwa nhambwe dziri pakati pemanzwi, kwete kuti inzwi rimwe nerimwe nderipi.

Chii chinokanganisa mhinduro yako?

  • Kudzidziswa mimhanzi. Makore okuridza chiridzwa kana kuimba anoita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kunzwa misiyano yemanzwi [2][3].
  • Kudzidzira muedzo wacho. Panguva yokuedza kwokutanga, kunyange mukati mechikamu chimwe chete, chikumbaridzo chokunzwa misiyano chinodzikira [2]. Enzanisa kuedza kwako kunotevera neuku.
  • Mahedhifoni nenzvimbo. Mahedhifoni nenzvimbo yakanyarara zvinobatsira. Masipika maduku efoni anogona kuita kuti manzwi akaderera anetse kunzwa.
  • Kuteerera nokuneta. Kana ukambotadza kunyatsoteerera pamuedzo mumwe chete, musiyano unodiwa kuti unzwe unokwira zvakare.
  • Tsika dzemutinhimira. Pakudzokorora mutinhimira nokudzvanya, vanhu vanowanzoutsaukira kumitinhimira iri nyore, yakadai sokuti manzwi marefu akareba zvakapetwa kaviri pane mapfupi [10]. Munhu wose anombokanganisa zvishoma.

Zvaunogona nezvausingagoni kuziva nomuedzo uyu

Muedzo waHelibrain wokusanzwisisa manzwi mutambo unonakidza wenzeve wakavakirwa pamabasa anoshandiswa mukutsvakurudza. Hausi muedzo wokuongorora kunzwa, haisi nzira yokuongorora amusia, uye hausi muedzo wakakwana wokutsvakurudza unoshandiswa kuiongorora (wakadai seMontreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Manzwi ebhurawuza nemasipika hazvisi midziyo yemurabhoritari, saka tora nhamba dzako sedzinofungidzirwa chete.

Kana uchityira kunzwa kwako, somuenzaniso kana mashoko aunonzwa achiita seasina kujeka, ona chiremba kana nyanzvi yezvekunzwa.

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Ndinoziva sei kana ndisinganzwisisi manzwi?

Kana uchikwanisa kusiyanisa kuti nderipi pamanzwi maviri rakakwirira kana paine chinhambwe chezwi chimwe (masenti 100) pakati pawo, ungangove usingatamburi nokusanzwisisa manzwi: vanhu vakawanda vanonzwa misiyano miduku zvikuru [2][4]. Kusaona musiyano wemanzwi zvechokwadi, kunonzi congenital amusia, kunobata munenge muna 1.5% yevanhu vakuru [5] uye kunoongororwa nemiedzo yakareba yokutsvakurudza. Muedzo waHelibrain wokusanzwisisa manzwi unokupa pfungwa yokutanga, kwete kuongororwa kwechirwere.

Vanhu vangani vasinganzwisisi manzwi?

Munenge muna 1.5% yevanhu vakuru mune congenital amusia, maererano nechidzidzo chepaindaneti chakaongorora vanhu vanenge 16,600 vane makore 18 kusvika 65 [5]. Chidzidzo chekare cha1980 chakati vaiva 4%, chichishandisa muedzo wakasiyana netsanangudzo isina kuoma [12]. Vanhu vakawanda zvikuru vanofunga kuti havanzwisisi manzwi nokuti havaimbi zvakanaka; kuimba nokunzwa kukwirira kwemanzwi unyanzvi hwakasiyana.

Kunzwa inzwi rakakwana hakuwanzoitiki zvakadini?

Kunzwa inzwi rakakwana hakuwanzoitiki muvanhu vose, asi hapana akayera chaizvo kuti hakuwanzoitiki zvakadini. Nhamba yakakurumbira yokuti “munhu 1 muvanhu 10,000” ifungidziro yekare ine uchapupu husina kusimba [7]. Pakati pevadzidzi vemimhanzi, mwero wacho unobva pazvikamu zvishoma kubva muzana kusvika kunenge 30%, zvichienderana nokuti zvidzidzo zvakatanga munhu achiri muduku zvakadini uye nomutauro [6][7].

Munhu mukuru angadzidza kunzwa inzwi rakakwana here?

Vanhu vakuru vanogona kudzidza kuziva mamwe manzwi kana vakadzidzira zvikuru, asi kunzwa inzwi rakakwana zvechokwadi kune chokuita zvikuru nezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvomunhu achiri mwana muduku [6]. Vanhu vakawanda vari vaimbi vanoshandisa kunzwa misiyano iri pakati pemanzwi (relative pitch), uye unyanzvi uhwu hunovandudzika zvikuru nokudzidzira pazera ripi neripi [2].

Zvibodzwa zvakanaka pamuedzo wemanzwi ndezvipi?

Muzvidzidzo zvemarabhoritari, vanhu vasina kudzidziswa mimhanzi vanowanzonzwa misiyano inosvika masenti 12 kusvika 35, uye vaimbi vakadzidziswa vanonzwa inosvika masenti 2 kusvika 17 [2][3][4]. Mhinduro iri pasi pemasenti 10 inoratidza nzeve inonyatsonzwa. Kupfuura masenti 100 (chinhambwe chezwi chimwe) hazviwanzoitiki; zvingabatsira kuedzazve uri muimba yakanyarara uye wakapfeka mahedhifoni.

Muedzo waHelibrain wokusanzwisisa manzwi ndewemahara zvechokwadi here?

Hongu. Muedzo wacho nemhinduro yako yose ndezvemahara: hapana kunyoresa, email kana kubhadhara. Helibrain inowana mari kubva kuapp yayo ine zvirongwa zvemahara nezvinobhadharwa; haudi app yacho kuti uite muedzo.

Miedzo ine chekuita neiyi

Ona miedzo yose 43 yemahara yeuropi

Unoda kudzidzira izvi zuva nezuva here? App yeHelibrain (parizvino iri muChirungu) ine chirongwa chemahara nezvirongwa zvinobhadharwa.

Mibvunzo yakajairika

Zvinyorwa zvakashandiswa

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (nhamba dzemasenti dzakapfupikiswa naDeroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Magadzirirwo atakaita peji rino: rakanyorwa nechikwata cheHelibrain zvichibva pazvidzidzo zviri pamusoro, uye rakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu) (ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysics) musi wa2026 Mbudzi 4. Tinorivandudza kana manyuko akachinja.