Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Nhamba | Zvayakayera | Chinokosha kuziva nezvayo |
|---|---|---|
| 1.5% | Dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa kukwirira nekudzika kwemanotsi maererano nemitemo yeongororo | Zvinoenderana nemitemo yekuongorora nekuisa mumapoka |
| Vanhu vanenge 20,000 | Kukura kwemuenzaniso wekutanga weongororo yepaindaneti | Havasi vatori vechikamu vose vakaverengerwa muongororo dzose dzekupedzisira |
| Fungwa yekare ye4% | Fungidziro yekare yaibva pabvunzo imwe chete, yakakurukurwa nevanyori | Haisi mwero wekuongorora chirwere uri kushanda kwose kwose iye zvino |
Bepa reongororo iyi rinoshandisa mabasa akati wandei anoyerwa zvakananga pamwe nemibvunzo. Pfungwa yaro huru ndeyekuti munhu anowana zvibodzwa zvakaderera pabasa rimwe chete remimhanzi haafaniri kubva anzi ane dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro iri. Huwandu hwevatori vechikamu hunongova hwekufungidzira nokuti nzira yekuvatora, vakabviswa muongororo, nemapoka akashandiswa pakuongorora kwakasiyana zvinosiyana. Peretz et al., 2017
Dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa kukwirira nekudzika kwemanzwi rinorevei pano?
Ongororo iyi inotaura nezvekuomerwa kweupenyu hwose nezvimwe zvikamu zvekunzwisisa mimhanzi, uko kusingatsanangurwi nokungoti munhu haanzwe zvakanaka kana kuti haana kugona kufunga zvachose. Gwaro rekutanga renyaya yemunhu mumwe uye ongororo yeboka zvinotsanangura kuongororwa kwakadzama, pane kuti zviti kusada mimhanzi kana kuimba zvisiri mutune chirwere chacho. Peretz et al., 2002 Ayotte et al., 2002
Montreal Battery inoongorora zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemimhanzi. Vakaigadzira pamwe nevakazonyora Montreal Protocol vanosimbisa kuti bvunzo idzi chikamu chekuongorora nekuongorora kwakazara, hadzisi nzira yega yekuongorora chirwere paindaneti. Mutambo wekunzwa kukwirira nekudzika kwemanotsi unoitirwa veruzhinji haungofananidzwi neprotocol iyoyo. Peretz et al., 2003 Vuvan et al., 2017
Nei kuzviti une dambudziko iri kungakutsausa
Vanhu vanoshandisa mashoko okuti kusanzwa mutune vachireva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuzvivimba, kugona kuimba uye kugona kusiyanisa kukwirira kwemanotsi zvinhu zvinoyerwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Fungidziro yehuwandu hwevanhu yakavakirwa patsanangudzo chaiyo yeongororo haigoni kushandiswa kumunhu wose anoti haakwanisi kuimba. Mitemo yakabatanidzwa yeongororo iyi inokosha chaizvo nokuti zita rinoshandiswa nevanhu zvisina kurongwa rinoreva zvinhu zvakawanda. Peretz et al., 2017 Vuvan et al., 2017
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Kuomerwa nekunzwa manotsi nekwaniso yerhythm chinhu chimwe chete here?
Hazvirevi hazvo. Phillips-Silver nevamwe vanotsanangura nyaya yemunhu akanga achiomerwa nokutevera beat, zvichiratidza kuti kuomerwa nokufambirana nerhythm hakuna kufanana nekuomerwa nekunzwa kukwirira nekudzika kwemanotsi emumhanzi. Ongororo yekufambirana nerhythm inotaurawo kuti kunzwa rhythm nekubatanidza kufamba zvinhu zvine zvikamu zvakawanda. Kuomerwa nechikamu chimwe chebasa hakuratidzi kuti munhu haagoni kuita zvimwe zvikamu zvose zvemimhanzi. Phillips-Silver et al., 2011 Repp et al., 2013
Zera nebonde zvinogona kupa mukana chaiwo kumunhu here?
Ongororo yehuwandu inoratidza kuti maererano nemitemo yayo, chikamu chevakadzi chaive chakati kwirei, asi izvi hazvipi mutemo wekuongorora munhu mumwe nomumwe. Nzira yakashandiswa kutora vanhu nekuvaisa mumapoka ndiyo ichiri kusarudza fungidziro yacho. Kushandisa chikamu chimwe chete kune rimwe zera kana vanhu vanongopinda pabvunzo yepandaneti zvisina kurongwa kungada humwe uchapupu. Peretz et al., 2017
Chii chaunganyatodzidza pabvunzo?
Unogona kuona mashandiro ako pamanzwi, pamitemo yekupindura uye pamudziyo unoshandiswa. Kana uchiramba uchiona kuti zvinokuomera, zvingabatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro acho zvakadzama, asi mhinduro yepfupi haigoni kusiyanisa zvikonzero zvose zvekukanganisa kana kuratidza kuti une dambudziko roupenyu hwose. Montreal Protocol inotaura zvakajeka kuti kunyange mabhatiri ebvunzo dzemimhanzi akatangwa anoshandiswa sematanho ekuongorora. Vuvan et al., 2017
Kuvimbika kwemhedzisiro kwakasiyana nenyaya yokuti basa reongororo ririko zvechokwadi. Tsvakurudzo yakakura yepfungwa inoratidza kuti kuonekwa kwemusiyano muboka rose hakurevi kuti nzvimbo yemunhu mumwe nomumwe icharamba yakafanana paanopiwa bvunzo pfupi. Izvi zvinoita kuti tingwarire, asi hazvirambi ruzivo rwemunhu pachake rwekuomerwa nemimhanzi. Hedge et al., 2017
Hapana ongororo yataura inoratidza kuti mutambo uyu unorapa dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi kana kuti kudzidzira kwenguva pfupi kucharibvisa. Chingabatsira kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakanyatsotsanangurwa uye kunzwisisa zvinoyerwa nemabasa akasiyana emimhanzi. Peretz et al., 2017 Vuvan et al., 2017
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wekunzwa manzwi emimhanzi
Edza muedzo wekunzwa manzwi emimhanzi kuti uone kugona kwako kusiyanisa kukwirira nekudzika kwemanotsi uye kudzokorora rhythm. Paunenge uchidudzira zvabuda, tarisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana. Uyu hausi Montreal diagnostic protocol, uye zvibodzwa zvakaderera hazviratidzi kuti une dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi kana kuti haunzwi zvakanaka.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Kuimba zvakaipa kunoreva here kuti handinzwi musiyano wemanotsi?
Tsanangudzo inoshandiswa muongororo haitsigiri kuti zvinhu izvi zvakafanana. Kuimba uye kunzwa mimhanzi zvinoda kuongororwa kwakasiyana. Vuvan et al., 2017
Nhamba yakarurama ndeye 1.5% here kana kuti 4%?
Zvinoreva nzira nouchapupu zvakasiyana. Ongororo huru inoti 1.5% maererano nemitemo yayo yakabatanidzwa, uye inokurukura fungidziro yekare ye4%. Peretz et al., 2017
Kutadza kutevera rhythm kunoratidza here kuti munhu haanzwi kukwirira kwemanotsi?
Kwete. Nyaya yemunhu akanga asinganzwi beat uye tsvakurudzo yekufambirana nerhythm zvinosiyanisa zvikamu zvemashandiro emimhanzi. Phillips-Silver et al., 2011 Repp et al., 2013
Manyuko
- Peretz et al. (2017). Kuwanda kwedambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi.
- Vuvan et al. (2017). Montreal Protocol yekuziva dambudziko rekunzwa mimhanzi.
- Peretz et al. (2002). Dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi.
- Peretz et al. (2003). Mhando dzakasiyana dzematambudziko emimhanzi.
- Ayotte et al. (2002). Dambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi.
- Phillips-Silver et al. (2011). Vakazvarirwa kutamba asi vasinganzwi beat: Rudzi rutsva rwedambudziko rekuzvarwa naro rekunzwa mimhanzi.
- Repp et al. (2013). Kubatanidza manzwiro nekufamba: Ongororo yetsvakurudzo itsva (2006–2012).
- Hedge et al. (2017). Dambudziko rekuvimbika: Nei mabasa akasimba ekuziva asingaratidzi misiyano yakavimbika pakati pevanhu.