Gwajin Rashin Gane Sautin Kiɗa

Kana iya jin wanne sauti ya fi tsawo? Gano ƙaramin bambancin sauti da za ka iya ji, ka maimaita kari da taɓawa, sannan ka gwada tantance sautuka. Kimanin mintuna 4 ne, kyauta: ba sai ka yi rajista ba.

Daga ƙungiyar HelibrainRobert(Turanci), ɗan takarar digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na halittu, ya duba shiAn wallafa An sake dubawa

Yadda za ka karanta sakamakonka

  • Ƙaramin bambancin sauti da ka ji: ana auna shi da cents. Rabin sauti, wato tazarar da ke tsakanin maɓallan piano biyu maƙwabta, cents 100 ne. Wannan ita ce tazarar da ka iya bambancewa kusan sau 7 cikin 10. Ƙaramin adadi yana nuna ƙwarewar ji mafi kyau.
  • Kari da ka dace da su: adadin kari cikin 5 da ka maimaita kusa da yadda aka kunna su. Gudun bugawa ba ya shafar sakamakon: muna shimfiɗa bugun da ka yi ya kai tsawon kari kafin kwatantawa.
  • Kuskuren lokacin kari: matsakaicin bambancin, da kashi-kashi, tsakanin tazarar bugun da ka yi da tazarar kari.
  • Sautukan da ka tantance (ɓangare na zaɓi): adadin sautuka guda-guda da ka tantance daidai. Idan sautin da ka faɗa ya kauce da rabin sauti ɗaya, za ka sami wani kaso na maki a cikin adadin kashi, kamar yadda masu bincike ke ƙididdigewa [1].

Yaya kunnen mutum na yau da kullum yake ji?

Rabin sauti cents 100 ne. A nazarce-nazarcen dakin gwaje-gwaje, mutanen da ba mawaƙa ba kan iya jin bambancin tsawo na kusan cents 12 zuwa 35, yayin da ƙwararrun mawaƙa kan iya jin kusan cents 2 zuwa 17 [2][3][4]. Atisaye yana taimakawa sosai: mutanen da ba mawaƙa ba sun kai matakin mawaƙa bayan atisaye na sa'o'i 4 zuwa 8 [2]. Rashin iya gane sautukan kiɗa na gaske (amusia ta haihuwa) ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, yana shafar kusan 1.5% na manya [5].

Muhimman bayanai

  • Rashin iya gane sautukan kiɗa ba kasafai yake faruwa ba: kusan 1.5% na manya suna da amusia ta haihuwa, wato matsalar gane tsawon sautukan kiɗa da ke ɗorewa a rayuwa, bisa wani binciken intanet da ya nazarci kusan manya 16,600 [5]. Mutane da yawa sun fi haka cewa “ba sa iya waƙa”.
  • Atisaye yana inganta jin bambancin sauti: mawaƙan gargajiya sun fara da ƙwarewar bambance sauti fiye da ta waɗanda ba mawaƙa ba sau 6. Waɗanda ba mawaƙa ba sun rage wannan bambanci bayan atisaye na sa'o'i 4 zuwa 8 [2].
  • Gane sauti ba tare da taimako ba yana da alaƙa da atisaye tun ƙuruciya da harshe: cikin ɗaliban kiɗa da suka fara darasi suna da shekaru 4 zuwa 5, kusan 60% a Beijing da 14% a wata makarantar kiɗa a Amurka sun iya tantance sauti ba tare da taimako ba [6].
  • “Mutum 1 cikin 10,000” ƙiyasin da ba shi da ƙarfi ba ne: adadin da ake yawan ambata na waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar gane sauti ya samo asali ne daga ƙiyasin 1955, bisa mawaƙan da wani mai bincike ya haɗu da su kawai, ba daga zaɓen mutane bazuwar ba [7].
  • Kowa yakan fara bugawa da wuri: idan mutane suna bugawa bisa kari, yawancinsu kan buga kafin bugun sauti da 'yan dubun millise seconds [8].

Yadda gwajin rashin gane sauti yake aiki

  1. Duba sauti. Za ka ji sautuka huɗu suna ƙara tsawo, domin ka iya saita ƙarar da ta yi maka daɗi. Ƙara ƙara ba ya inganta sakamako.
  2. Ya fi tsawo ko gajarta? Ana kunna sautuka biyu ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Na biyun ya fi na farkon tsawo ko ya fi gajarta? Tsawon sautin farko yana canzawa a kowane gwaji, tsakanin 330 da 660 Hz, don haka ba za ka iya haddace sauti guda ɗaya ba. Bambancin yana farawa da cents 100. Idan ka amsa daidai sau biyu a jere, bambancin yana raguwa; idan ka yi kuskure, yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ƙa'idar “sau 2 ƙasa, sau 1 sama” tana gano inda kake amsa daidai kusan 71% na lokaci [9]. Gwajin yana tsayawa bayan wuraren juyawa 10, kuma sakamakonka matsakaicin na ƙarshe 6 ne.
  3. Kari. Ana kunna ɗan gajeren kari na dannawa sau 2; sai ka maimaita shi ta taɓawa. Akwai kari 5.
  4. Gwajin cikakkiyar gane sauti (na zaɓi). Sautuka guda-guda 12, ba tare da sautin kwatance ko nuna maka amsa ba. Tantance kowanne a kan madannai.

Ana samar da dukkan sautuka a cikin burauzarka; babu wani abu da aka yi rikodi.

Gwajin cikakkiyar gane sauti

Cikakkiyar gane sauti na nufin iya faɗin sunan sauti ba tare da fara jin wani sautin kwatance ba. A wani babban binciken intanet, mutanen da ke da wannan ƙwarewa sun sami maki fiye da sauran mutane; maki sun kasu gida biyu dabam, ba mutane da yawa ne suka kasance a tsakaninsu ba [1]. Yawan samuwarta ya danganta da waɗanda aka tambaya: kusan 30% na ɗaliban kiɗa a Japan da 7% na ɗaliban kiɗa a Poland sun ci gwaji mai tsauri [7], kuma darussa tun ƙuruciya da harshe mai amfani da tsawon sauti wajen bambanta ma'ana na iya sa ta fi yiwuwa [6]. Mafi yawan mutane, har da yawancin ƙwararrun mawaƙa, suna da gane bambanci tsakanin sautuka: suna jin tazarar sautuka, ba sunayen sautukan kansu ba.

Abubuwan da ke shafar sakamakonka

  • Atisayen kiɗa. Shekaru na kaɗa kayan kiɗa ko waƙa suna sa jin bambancin sautuka ya fi sauƙi [2][3].
  • Atisaye a kan wannan gwaji. Iyakar bambancin da za ka iya ji tana raguwa a gwaje-gwajen farko, har ma a cikin zama ɗaya [2]. Kwatanta gwadawarka ta gaba da wannan.
  • Belun kunne da ɗaki. Belun kunne da ɗaki mai shiru suna taimakawa. Ƙananan lasifikan waya na iya sa sautuka masu kauri su yi wuya a ji.
  • Mayar da hankali da gajiya. Idan hankalinka ya ɗan kauce a gwaji guda, bambancin sauti yakan sake ƙaruwa.
  • Al'adar kari. Mutane sukan karkata zuwa sauƙaƙan kari, kamar tsawaita sautuka sau biyu fiye da gajeru, yayin maimaita kari [10]. Kowa kan yi wasu “kurakurai”.

Abin da wannan gwajin zai iya da wanda ba zai iya gaya maka ba

Gwajin rashin gane sauti na Helibrain wasa ne na nishaɗi ga kunne, wanda aka gina bisa ayyukan bincike. Ba gwajin ji ba ne, ba gano amusia ba ne, kuma ba ɗaya yake da gwaje-gwajen bincike da ake amfani da su wajen gano ta ba (kamar Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Sautin burauza da lasifika ba kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje ba ne, saboda haka ka ɗauki lambobinka a matsayin ƙiyasin kusan-gaskiya.

Idan kana damuwa game da jinka, misali idan magana tana ji kamar an toshe ta, ka ga likita ko ƙwararren jin kunne.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Ta yaya zan san ko ina da matsalar gane sautukan kiɗa?

Idan kana iya bambance wanne cikin sautuka biyu ya fi tsawo alhali rabin sauti (cents 100) ne tsakaninsu, da alama ba ka da matsalar gane sautukan kiɗa: yawancin mutane kan iya jin bambance-bambance ƙanana sosai [2][4]. Rashin iya gane sautukan kiɗa na gaske, amusia ta haihuwa, yana shafar kusan 1.5% na manya [5], kuma ana gano shi da dogayen gwaje-gwajen bincike. Gwajin rashin gane sauti na Helibrain zai ba ka hasashe na farko, ba ganewar cuta ba.

Kashi nawa ne na mutane ke da matsalar gane sautukan kiɗa?

Kusan 1.5% na manya suna da amusia ta haihuwa, bisa wani binciken intanet da ya nazarci kusan manya 16,600 masu shekaru 18 zuwa 65 [5]. Wani tsohon bincike na 1980 ya ƙiyasta adadin da 4%, ta amfani da wani gwaji dabam da ma'anar da ta fi sassauci [12]. Mutane da yawa fiye da haka suna zaton ba sa iya gane sautukan kiɗa saboda ba sa iya waƙa da kyau; waƙa da jin tsawon sauti ƙwarewoyi ne dabam.

Yaya cikakkiyar gane sauti ba kasafai take faruwa ba?

Cikakkiyar gane sauti ba kasafai take samuwa a cikin jama'a gaba ɗaya ba, amma babu wanda ya auna ainihin ƙarancin samuwarta. Shahararren adadin “mutum 1 cikin 10,000” tsohon ƙiyasin ne da bayanansa ba su da ƙarfi [7]. A cikin ɗaliban kiɗa, adadin yana tsakanin 'yan kaso kaɗan zuwa kusan 30%, ya danganta da lokacin fara darasi da harshe [6][7].

Shin babba zai iya koyon cikakkiyar gane sauti?

Manya za su iya koyon gane wasu sautuka ta hanyar atisaye sosai, amma cikakkiyar gane sauti tana da alaƙa sosai da darussan kiɗa tun ƙuruciya [6]. Mafi yawan mawaƙa suna amfani da gane bambanci tsakanin sautuka, wato jin tazarar da ke tsakaninsu; ana iya inganta wannan sosai da atisaye a kowane shekaru [2].

Wane maki ne mai kyau a gwajin bambancin sauti?

A nazarce-nazarcen dakin gwaje-gwaje, mutanen da ba mawaƙa ba kan ji bambance-bambancen kusan cents 12 zuwa 35, yayin da ƙwararrun mawaƙa kan ji kusan cents 2 zuwa 17 [2][3][4]. Sakamakon ƙasa da cents 10 yana nuna kunne mai matuƙar kaifi. Sama da cents 100 (rabin sauti) ba kasafai ake samu ba, kuma ya dace ka sake gwadawa a ɗaki mai shiru da belun kunne.

Shin gwajin rashin gane sauti na Helibrain kyauta ne da gaske?

I. Gwajin da cikakken sakamakonka kyauta ne: ba sai ka yi rajista ba, ba sai ka ba da imel ba, kuma babu biyan kuɗi. Helibrain na samun kuɗi daga manhajarsa, wadda ke da tsarin kyauta da tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi; ba sai ka yi amfani da manhajar ba don yin gwajin.

Gwaje-gwaje masu alaƙa

Duba dukkan 43 gwaje-gwajen ƙwaƙwalwa kyauta

Kana son yin wannan kowace rana? Manhajar Helibrain (cikin Turanci a yanzu) tana da tsarin kyauta da tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi.

Tambayoyin gama gari

Majiyoyi

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (ƙimomin cents kamar yadda aka taƙaita a Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Yadda muka ƙirƙiri wannan shafi: ƙungiyar Helibrain ce ta rubuta shi daga binciken da aka jera a sama, kuma Robert(Turanci) (ɗan takarar digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar lissafi na halittu) ya duba shi a ranar 4 Nuwamba, 2026. Muna sabunta shi idan majiyoyin sun canja.