Kev Xeem Hnov Suab Siab-Qis

Koj hnov tau lub suab twg siab dua lod? Nrhiav seb suab sib txawv tsawg tshaj plaws li cas koj hnov tau, ntaus raws suab sib dhos, ces sim twv npe suab. Siv li 4 feeb, dawb: tsis tas sau npe.

Sau los ntawm pab neeg HelibrainTshuaj xyuas los ntawm Robert(Lus Askiv), tus tab tom kawm qib PhD hauv biophysicsLuam tawm Zaum kawg tshuaj xyuas

Yuav nyeem koj qhov txiaj ntsig li cas

  • Suab sib txawv tsawg tshaj plaws uas koj hnov tau: ntsuas ua cents. Ib nrab theem suab, uas yog qhov nrug ntawm ob lub suab piano uas nyob sib ze, yog 100 cents. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv uas koj cais tau kwv yees 7 zaug ntawm 10 zaug. Tus lej me dua txhais tias hnov tau meej dua.
  • Cov suab sib dhos uas phim: muaj pes tsawg ntawm 5 hom suab sib dhos uas koj ntaus rov qab tau ze. Tsis suav qhov ceev: peb ncab lossis zawm koj cov nias kom ntev sib npaug li qhov suab sib dhos ua ntej muab piv.
  • Qhov yuam kev ntawm lub sij hawm suab sib dhos: qhov nruab nrab, txhua ncua ntawm koj cov nias txawv ntawm qhov ncua hauv suab sib dhos pes tsawg feem pua.
  • Cov suab uas twv npe raug (ntu xaiv ua): muaj pes tsawg lub suab ib lub zuj zus uas koj twv npe raug kiag. Yog twv yuam ib nrab theem suab, koj tseem tau qhab nia ib feem hauv feem pua, raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb suav qhab nia [1].

Tus neeg hnov suab li cas thiaj suav tias ib txwm?

Ib nrab theem suab yog 100 cents. Hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, cov neeg tsis kawm suab paj nruag feem ntau hnov qhov txawv ntawm suab siab qis tau kwv yees 12 txog 35 cents, hos cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas tau kawm hnov tau me li 2 txog 17 cents [2][3][4]. Kev xyaum pab tau ntau: cov neeg tsis kawm suab paj nruag nce txog qib ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag tom qab xyaum 4 txog 8 teev [2]. Qhov teeb meem hnov suab paj nruag txij thaum yug (congenital amusia) muaj tsawg, kwv yees 1.5% ntawm cov laus [5].

Lus tseeb ceev

  • Tsis hnov qhov txawv suab yog tsawg heev: kwv yees li 1.5% ntawm cov laus muaj teeb meem hnov suab siab qis txij thaum yug los, uas nyob tas mus li, raws li ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv online uas tshuaj xyuas kwv yees li 16,600 tus laus [5]. Muaj neeg coob dua hais tias lawv "hu nkauj tsis tau".
  • Kev xyaum pab kom hnov suab meej dua: thaum xub thawj, cov kws ntaus nkauj classical hnov tau qhov txawv suab me dua cov tsis yog kws ntaus nkauj ntau tshaj 6 npaug. Cov tsis yog kws ntaus nkauj txo tau qhov sib txawv no tom qab xyaum 4 txog 8 teev [2].
  • Kev hnov suab meej zoo kawg nyob ntawm kev xyaum thaum yau thiab lus: ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nkauj uas pib kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 txog 5 xyoos, kwv yees li 60% hauv Beijing thiab 14% hauv ib lub tsev kawm nkauj hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hnov tau suab meej zoo kawg [6].
  • "1 ntawm 10,000" yog ib tug lej tsis ruaj: tus lej uas neeg hais ntau txog qhov hnov suab meej zoo kawg yog los ntawm kev kwv yees xyoo 1955, raws li cov kws ntaus nkauj uas ib tug kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib xwb, tsis yog xaiv neeg ua qauv random [7].
  • Txhua tus ntaus ua ntej nrawm: thaum ntaus tes raws ib lub suab dhia, neeg feem coob ntaus ua ntej lub suab ntawd ob peb kaum millisecond [8].

Kev xeem hnov suab siab qis ua hauj lwm li cas

  1. Kuaj suab. Koj yuav hnov plaub lub suab nce zuj zus kom koj kho tau qhov nrov kom xis mloog. Nrov heev tsis txhais tias zoo dua.
  2. Siab dua los qis dua? Muaj ob lub suab nrov sib law liag. Lub suab thib ob siab dua los qis dua? Suab siab qis ntawm thawj lub suab hloov txhua zaus, nyob nruab nrab 330 thiab 660 Hz, yog li koj kawm tsis tau ib lub suab ruaj khov. Thaum pib, qhov sib txawv yog 100 cents. Tom qab koj teb raug ob zaug sib law liag, qhov sib txawv yuav nqaim; yog teb yuam kev, nws yuav dav dua. Txoj cai no hu ua “2 nqis, 1 nce”, thiab nws nrhiav qhov qib uas koj teb raug kwv yees 71% ntawm cov zaug [9]. Kev xeem nres tom qab 10 zaug uas kev hloov tig rov qab, thiab koj qhov txiaj ntsig yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 6 zaug kawg.
  3. Suab sib dhos. Ib zaj nias suab luv nrov 2 zaug; ces koj ntaus rov qab. Muaj 5 zaj suab sib dhos.
  4. Xeem hnov suab kiag (xaiv ua). Muaj 12 lub suab ib lub zuj zus, tsis muaj suab piv thiab tsis qhia tias yog lawm los tsis yog. Qhia npe txhua lub suab ntawm cov yuam sij piano.

Txhua lub suab tsim hauv koj lub browser; tsis muaj suab kaw cia.

Xeem hnov suab kiag

Kev hnov suab kiag (absolute pitch) yog muaj peev xwm qhia npe ib lub suab yam tsis tau hnov ib lub suab piv ua ntej. Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb online loj, cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm no tau qhab nia siab dua lwm tus heev; cov qhab nia sib faib ua ob pawg, thiab muaj tsawg tus nyob nruab nrab [1]. Nws muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob ntawm cov neeg uas koj nug: kwv yees 30% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm suab paj nruag Nyiv thiab 7% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm suab paj nruag Poland dhau ib qho kev xeem nruj [7], thiab kev kawm suab thaum yau nrog rau kev hais ib hom lus uas lub suab siab qis hloov lub ntsiab lus ua rau muaj feem ntau dua [6]. Feem coob, suav nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag feem coob, tsuas hnov suab sib txheeb xwb: lawv hnov qhov sib nrug ntawm cov suab, tsis yog paub npe cov suab kiag.

Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau koj qhov txiaj ntsig?

  • Kev kawm suab paj nruag. Ua si twj paj nruag lossis hu nkauj ntau xyoo ua rau hnov qhov txawv ntawm suab siab qis yooj yim dua [2][3].
  • Xyaum qhov kev xeem no. Qhov sib txawv tsawg tshaj plaws uas koj hnov tau yuav nqis thaum thawj ob peb zaug, txawm nyob hauv ib zaug xeem los xij [2]. Muab koj qhov sim tom ntej piv rau zaum no.
  • Pob ntseg mloog thiab chav. Siv pob ntseg mloog thiab nyob hauv chav ntsiag to pab tau. Cov hais lus me me hauv xov tooj yuav ua rau hnov suab qis nyuaj.
  • Kev tsom kwm thiab kev nkees. Yog ib zaug koj tsis tsom kwm, qhov sib txawv yuav nce loj dua.
  • Cwj pwm ntaus suab sib dhos. Thaum ntaus rov qab, neeg nyiam hloov mus ua suab sib dhos yooj yim, xws li ua kom lub suab ntev ntev ob npaug ntawm lub suab luv [10]. Sawv daws yeej muaj qee qhov yuam kev.

Qhov kev xeem no qhia tau thiab qhia tsis tau dab tsi

Kev xeem hnov suab siab qis Helibrain yog ib qho kev ua si lom zem rau pob ntseg uas tsim raws tej hauj lwm tshawb fawb. Nws tsis yog kev kuaj pob ntseg, tsis yog kev kuaj mob amusia, thiab tsis yog cov kev xeem tshawb fawb siv los kuaj mob (xws li Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Suab hauv browser thiab cov hais lus tsis yog khoom siv hauv chav kuaj, yog li saib koj cov lej ua tej nuj nqis kwv yees xwb.

Yog koj txhawj txog koj qhov hnov lus, xws li hnov neeg hais lus tsis meej, mus ntsib kws kho mob lossis kws kuaj pob ntseg.

Cov lus nug nquag nug

Kuv yuav paub li cas tias kuv lag ntseg suab paj nruag?

Yog koj qhia tau tias ob lub suab twg siab dua thaum lawv sib nrug ib nrab theem suab (100 cents), ces feem ntau koj tsis lag ntseg suab paj nruag: neeg feem coob hnov tau qhov sib txawv me dua ntawd [2][4]. Qhov teeb meem hnov suab paj nruag txij thaum yug, congenital amusia, cuam tshuam kwv yees 1.5% ntawm cov laus [5] thiab yuav tsum kuaj nrog kev xeem tshawb fawb ntev dua. Kev xeem hnov suab siab qis Helibrain tsuas qhia tswv yim pib xwb, tsis yog kuaj mob.

Pes tsawg feem pua ntawm neeg thiaj lag ntseg suab paj nruag?

Kwv yees 1.5% ntawm cov laus muaj congenital amusia, raws li ib txoj kev tshawb fawb online uas tshuaj xyuas kwv yees 16,600 tus laus hnub nyoog 18 txog 65 [5]. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb laus dua xyoo 1980 kwv yees tias yog 4%, siv ib qho kev xeem txawv thiab lub ntsiab lus dav dua [12]. Muaj coob leej xav tias lawv lag ntseg suab vim hu nkauj tsis zoo; kev hu nkauj thiab hnov suab siab qis yog ob yam txawj txawv.

Kev hnov suab kiag muaj tsawg npaum li cas?

Kev hnov suab kiag muaj tsawg hauv sawv daws, tiamsis tsis tau muaj leej twg ntsuas paub tseeb tias tsawg npaum li cas. Tus lej nto moo “1 ntawm 10,000” yog kev kwv yees qub uas muaj ntaub ntawv tsis txaus [7]. Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm suab paj nruag, feem pua yog li ob peb feem pua mus txog kwv yees 30%, nyob ntawm seb lawv pib kawm ntxov npaum li cas thiab hom lus uas lawv hais [6][7].

Tus laus puas kawm hnov suab kiag tau?

Cov laus xyaum ntau ces kawm paub tau qee lub suab, tiamsis kev hnov suab kiag muaj feem cuam tshuam heev rau kev kawm suab paj nruag thaum yau [6]. Kev hnov suab sib txheeb, uas yog hnov qhov sib nrug ntawm cov suab, yog yam kws ntaus suab paj nruag feem coob siv, thiab xyaum tau zoo thaum muaj hnub nyoog li cas los tau [2].

Qhab nia xeem suab siab qis li cas thiaj zoo?

Hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, cov neeg tsis kawm suab paj nruag feem ntau hnov qhov txawv kwv yees 12 txog 35 cents, hos cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas tau kawm hnov tau kwv yees 2 txog 17 cents [2][3][4]. Yog qhov txiaj ntsig qis dua 10 cents, koj hnov tau meej heev. Yog siab dua 100 cents (ib nrab theem suab), qhov ntawd tsis tshua pom thiab tsim nyog sim dua hauv chav ntsiag to nrog pob ntseg mloog.

Kev xeem hnov suab siab qis Helibrain puas yog dawb tiag?

Yog. Kev xeem thiab koj qhov txiaj ntsig tag nrho yog dawb: tsis tas sau npe, tsis tas muab email, tsis tas them nyiaj. Helibrain khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm nws lub app, uas muaj hom dawb thiab hom them nyiaj; koj tsis tas siv lub app los xeem.

Cov kev xeem muaj feem

Saib tag nrho 43 qhov kev xeem hlwb dawb

Koj puas xav xyaum qhov no txhua hnub? Lub Helibrain app (tam sim no muaj ua lus Askiv xwb) muaj ib txoj kev siv dawb thiab lwm txoj kev siv them nyiaj.

Cov lus nug uas nquag muaj

Cov ntaub ntawv siv

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (cent values as summarized in Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Peb tsim nplooj ntawv no li cas: pab neeg Helibrain sau raws li cov kev tshawb fawb teev saum no, thiab Robert(Lus Askiv) (tus neeg sib tw kawm PhD hauv biophysics) tshuaj xyuas thaum November 4, 2026. Peb hloov nplooj ntawv thaum cov ntaub ntawv siv hloov.