Nnwom Nnyegyee a Wonte Sɔhwɛ

Wubetumi ate nnyegyee no mu nea ɛkorɔn? Hu pitch nkyɛmu ketewaa a wubetumi ate, bɔ rhythm bi bio, na afei sɔ sɛ wubetumi ahu nnwom nnyegyee din hwɛ. Gye bɛyɛ simma 4, ɛyɛ kwa: enhia sɛ wokyerɛw wo din.

Helibrain kuw no na ɛkyerɛweeRobert(Borɔfo), biophysics ho PhD suani na ɔhwɛɛ muWɔtintimii Wɔsan hwɛɛ mu koraa wɔ

Sɛnea wobɛte wo nsɔhwɛ no ase

  • Pitch nkyɛmu ketewaa a wutumi tee: wɔ cents mu. Semitone, kwan a ɛda piano nsa a ɛbɛn ho ntam, yɛ 100 cents. Eyi yɛ nkyɛmu a wutumi hui sɛ ɛsono no bɛyɛ mmere 7 wɔ mmere 10 mu. Sɛ ɛsua a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wutumi te nsonsonoe ketewaa.
  • Rhythm a wubɔɔ no pɛɛ: rhythm 5 a wubɔɔ bio no mu dodow a ɛbɛn nea wotee no. Bere tenten a ɛde di kan no nka ho: ansa na yɛde toto ho no, yɛtrɛw wo mmobɔmu no mu ma ɛne rhythm no tenten yɛ pɛ.
  • Rhythm bere mu mfomso: sɛ yɛkyekyem a, ɔkwan a ɛda wo mmobɔmu ntam kwan biara ne rhythm no ntam kwan ntam, wɔ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu mu.
  • Nnwom nnyegyee a wode din too so (ɔfã a wopɛ): nnyegyee baako-baako dodow a wode ne din pɔtee too so. Sɛ note biako yɛ semitone baako fi ne pɔtee ho a, wubenya nkontaa kakra wɔ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu no mu, sɛnea nhwehwɛmufo bu ho nkontaa [1].

Asom a ɛtaa te nnyegyee sɛn?

Semitone yɛ 100 cents. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ laboratory mu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔnnyɛ nnwomfo tumi te pitch nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 12 kosi 35 cents, na nnwomfo a wɔatete wɔn tumi te nea ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 2 kosi 17 cents [2][3][4]. Ntetee boa paa: nnipa a wɔnyɛ nnwomfo duu nnwomfo no dodow so wɔ ntetee nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 8 akyi [2]. Tone deafness ankasa (amusia a wɔde wo awo) ho yɛ na, ɛka mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 1.5% [5].

Nokwasɛm a ɛho hia

  • Tone deafness ho yɛ na: mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 1.5% na wɔwɔ amusia a wɔde wɔn awo, a ɛyɛ ɔhaw a ɛtra nkwa nna nyinaa wɔ nnwom pitch mu. Eyi fi intanɛt so nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛhwehwɛɛ mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 16,600 mu [5]. Nnipa pii ka sɛ "mintumi nto dwom".
  • Ntetee ma pitch te yɛ mmerɛw: kan nwomfo no pitch hu nsonsonoe mu tumi yɛɛ mmerɛw bɛboro mmere 6 sen nnipa a wɔnyɛ nnwomfo de. Nnipa a wɔnyɛ nnwomfo no twee nsonsonoe no mu wɔ ntetee nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 8 akyi [2].
  • Perfect pitch gyina ntetee a wofii ase ntɛm ne kasa so: nnwom asuafo a wofii nnwom adesua ase wɔ mfe 4 kosi 5 mu no, wɔn a wɔwɔ Beijing no bɛyɛ 60%, na wɔn a wɔwɔ sukuu titiriw bi a wɔde tete nnwomfo wɔ US no 14% na wɔwɔ perfect pitch [6].
  • "1 wɔ 10,000 mu" yɛ akontaabu a emu nyɛ den: perfect pitch dodow a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm no fi 1955 mu akontaabu bi a egyina nnwomfo a nhwehwɛmufo bi hyiae ara kwa so, na ɛnyɛ nnipa a wɔpaw wɔn kwa sɛ wɔnhwehwɛ wɔn mu [7].
  • Obiara bɔ nnwom no anim kakra: sɛ wɔrebɔ rhythm bi a, nnipa dodow no ara bɔ mmere kakra ansa na beat no adu [8].

Sɛnea tone deaf sɔhwɛ no yɛ adwuma

  1. Nnyegyee hwɛ. Wobɛte nnyegyee anan a ɛforo, na ama woatumi ayɛ nnyegyee no den a ɛyɛ wo dɛ. Nnyegyee a ɛyɛ den nyɛ papa nsen.
  2. Ɛkorɔn anaa ɛba fam? Wɔbɔ nnyegyee abien, baako di baako akyi. Nea ɛto so abien no yɛɛ den anaa ɛyɛɛ mmerɛw? Nnyegyee a edi kan no pitch sesa bere biara, fi 330 kosi 660 Hz, enti worentumi nsua note pɔtee bi a ɛnsesa. Nsonsonoe no fi ase wɔ 100 cents. Sɛ wubua nsɛmmisa abien pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛtoatoa so a, ɛyɛ ketewaa; sɛ wubu biako wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a, ɛyɛ kɛse. Saa mmara yi a wɔfrɛ no "2-down, 1-up" no kyerɛ baabi a wubetumi abua pɛpɛɛpɛ bɛyɛ 71% bere [9]. Ɛgyina wɔ nsakrae beae 10 akyi, na wo nsɔhwɛ aba yɛ nsakrae beae 6 a etwa to no dodow a wɔakyekyem.
  3. Rhythm. Wɔbɔ klik rhythm tiawa bi 2; afei bɔ no bio. Rhythm ahorow 5 na ɛwɔ hɔ.
  4. Perfect pitch sɔhwɛ (ɔfã a wopɛ). Nnwom nnyegyee baako-baako 12, a nnyegyee a wɔde toto ho nni hɔ na wɔmmɔ wo amanneɛ sɛ woabua no pɛpɛɛpɛ anaa. Fa keyboard no so to din ma biara.

Wɔyɛ nnyegyee biara wɔ wo browser mu; nnyegyee a wɔakyere agu hɔ biara nni hɔ.

Perfect pitch sɔhwɛ

Perfect pitch (pitch a ɛyɛ pɛ) kyerɛ sɛ wotumi de note bi din to so a wunte nnyegyee a wɔde toto ho ansa. Intanɛt so nhwehwɛmu kɛse bi mu no, nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tumi yi nyaa nkontaa a ɛkorɔn koraa sen afoforo; nkontaa no kyekyɛɛ mu akuw abien a ɛsono wɔn, na nnipa kakraa bi pɛ na wɔwɔ wɔn ntam [1]. Nnipa dodow a wɔwɔ no gyina nnipa ko a wobisa wɔn so: Japan nnwom asuafo bɛyɛ 30% ne Poland nnwom asuafo 7% na wodii sɔhwɛ a emu yɛ den bi mu nkonim [7], na nnwom adesua a wofi ase ntɛm ne kasa a nnyegyee mu nsakrae sesa asɛmfua ntease ka ho ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ obi benya [6]. Nnipa dodow no ara, a nnwomfo pa dodow no ara ka ho, wɔ relative pitch mmom: wɔte nsonsonoe a ɛda nnwom nnyegyee ntam, na ɛnyɛ nnyegyee no ankasa.

Dɛn na ɛka wo nsɔhwɛ aba?

  • Nnwom ntetee. Mfe a wode bɔ nnwom ho nneɛma anaa to nnwom no ma pitch nsonsonoe yɛ mmerɛw paa sɛ wobɛte [2][3].
  • Sɔhwɛ no ankasa ho ntetee. Bere a wosan yɛ sɔhwɛ no, wo tumi hu nsonsonoe no yɛ kɛse, mpo wɔ bere a woyɛ sɔhwɛ no ara mu [2]. Fa nea wubenya bere foforo no toto nea wowɔ seesei ho.
  • Asomhyɛ ne dan mu tebea. Asomhyɛ ne dan komm boa. Telefon ketewa no nne a ɛba fam no betumi ama nnyegyee a ɛba fam yɛ den sɛ wobɛte.
  • Adwene a wode si so ne brɛ. Sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ baako mu na w’ani annye ho a, nsonsonoe no bɛyɛ kɛse bio.
  • Rhythm ho suban. Sɛ nnipa rebɔ rhythm bi bio a, wɔtaa sesa kɔ rhythm a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ nnyegyee tenten a ɛyɛ mmere abien sen tiawa no ho [10]. Nnipa nyinaa taa nya mfomso kakra.

Nea sɔhwɛ yi betumi aka ne nea ɛrentumi nka

Helibrain tone deaf sɔhwɛ no yɛ asom agodie a ɛyɛ anigye, na egyina nhwehwɛmu nnwuma so. Ɛnyɛ asom mu nsɔhwɛ, ɛnyɛ amusia ho aduruyɛ mu gyinaesi, na ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu amusia te sɛ Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia [11]. Browser nnyegyee ne akasam nyɛ laboratory nnwinnade, enti bu wo nkontaa sɛ ɛyɛ bɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ara kwa.

Sɛ w’adwene yɛ wo sɛ w’asom tebea asɛe a, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ kasa nnyegyee te sɛ nea ɛso fɛfɛɛfɛ a, kɔhwɛ oduruyɛfo anaa asom ho oduruyɛfo.

Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mintumi nte nnwom nnyegyee?

Sɛ wubetumi ahu sɛ nnyegyee abien mu nea ɛkorɔn, bere a wɔn ntam nsonsonoe yɛ semitone (100 cents) a, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ wuntumi nyɛ tone deaf: nnipa dodow no ara tumi te nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ ketewaa paa [2][4]. Tone deafness ankasa, amusia a wɔde wo awo, ka mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 1.5% [5], na nhwehwɛmu sɔhwɛ a ɛware na wɔde hu. Helibrain tone deaf sɔhwɛ no ma wunya adwene a edi kan, na ɛnyɛ aduruyɛ mu gyinaesi.

Nnipa ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu sɛn na wontumi nte nnwom nnyegyee?

Intanɛt so nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛhwehwɛɛ mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 16,600 a wɔn mfe fi 18 kosi 65 mu no kyerɛ sɛ mpanyimfo bɛyɛ 1.5% na wɔwɔ amusia a wɔde wɔn awo [5]. Nhwehwɛmu dedaw bi a wɔyɛe wɔ 1980 mu buu no sɛ ɛyɛ 4%, ɛde sɔhwɛ foforo ne ntease a ɛtrɛwɛwɛwɛɛ mu dii dwuma [12]. Nnipa pii gye di sɛ wontumi nte nnwom nnyegyee efisɛ wontumi nto dwom yiye; dwomto ne pitch a wɔte yɛ tumi ahorow abien.

Perfect pitch ho yɛ na dɛn?

Perfect pitch ho yɛ na wɔ nnipa nyinaa mu, nanso obiara nnii ho akontaa pɔtee sɛnea ɛho yɛ na. Akontaabu a agye din sɛ "1 wɔ 10,000 mu" yɛ akontaabu dedaw a emu nnyinaso nyɛ den [7]. Nnwom asuafo mu no, dodow no fi ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu kakraa bi kosi bɛyɛ 30%, na egyina sɛnea wofii nnwom adesua ase ntɛm ne kasa so [6][7].

Sɛ obi abɔ panyin a, obetumi asua perfect pitch?

Mpanyimfo betumi asua sɛnea wɔbɛhu nnyegyee bi din bi denam ntetee pii so, nanso perfect pitch ankasa wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse ne nnwom adesua a wɔyɛ wɔ mmofraase [6]. Relative pitch, a ɛyɛ sɛ wute nsonsonoe a ɛda nnyegyee ntam, ne nea nnwomfo dodow no ara de di dwuma, na ntetee betumi ama ayɛ yiye wɔ mfe biara mu [2].

Nkontaa bɛn na ɛyɛ papa wɔ pitch sɔhwɛ no mu?

Laboratory nhwehwɛmu mu no, nnipa a wɔnyɛ nnwomfo taa te nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 12 kosi 35 cents, na nnwomfo a wɔatete wɔn de yɛ bɛyɛ 2 kosi 17 cents [2][3][4]. Sɛ wo nkontaa sua sen 10 cents a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ w’asom te nnyegyee yiye paa. Sɛ ɛboro 100 cents (semitone) a, ɛntaa nsi na ɛfata sɛ wosan sɔ hwɛ wɔ dan komm mu a wode asomhyɛ.

Helibrain tone deaf sɔhwɛ no yɛ kwa ankasa?

Yiw. Sɔhwɛ no ne nea wubenya nyinaa yɛ kwa: enhia sɛ wokyerɛw wo din, email anaa tua sika. Helibrain nya sika fi ne app mu, na ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ kwa ne nea wotua ho ka; enhia sɛ wowɔ app no na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no.

Sɔhwɛ a ɛfa ho

Hwɛ adwene ho sɔhwɛ 43 no nyinaa a wontua hwee

Wopɛ sɛ wudi eyi ho dwuma da biara? Helibrain app no (seesei ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu) wɔ nhyehyɛe a wontua hwee ne nea wotua ho ka.

Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa

Nwoma ne nsɛm a yɛde dii dwuma

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (cent values as summarized in Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Sɛnea yɛyɛɛ krataafa yi: Helibrain kuw no kyerɛw fii nhwehwɛmu a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no mu, na Robert(Borɔfo) (biophysics ho PhD suani) hwɛɛ mu wɔ 4, Obubuo, 2026. Yɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ mu bere a nneɛma a yɛde gyinaa so no sesa.