Adanse titiriw ne nɔma
| Nhwɛsoɔ: bere a wɔmia so minus nnyegyee bere | Nkyerɛase | Tebea |
|---|---|---|
| −20 ms | Mia-so no ba ansa na nnyegyee no aba | Nhwɛsoɔ |
| 0 ms | Nsɛm a wɔkyerɛw no si bere koro | Sɛ bere mu nsonsonoe yɛ zero a, ɛkyerɛ eyi |
| +20 ms | Mia-so no ba bere a nnyegyee no aba akyi | Nhwɛsoɔ |
Nhwɛsoɔ yi kyerɛ sɛnea akontaabu no mu sɛnkyerɛnne kyerɛ ade, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛno ne sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ anaa ɛyɛ ɔhaw kyerɛkyerɛfoɔ. Nnyegyee ne nsa a wɔde bɔ mu ho nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ mpɛn pii no, mia-so di nnyegyee anim, na wɔhwehwɛ nkyerɛase ahorow pii mu. Nea ɛkɔ so no fa sɛnea wɔhwɛ nea ɛbɛba anim na wɔde wɔn nneyɛeɛ hyɛ mu, na ɛnyɛ mmuae bere mu akansi kɛkɛ. Repp, 2005 Repp et al., 2013
Adɛn nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔhwɛ nea ɛbɛba anim?
Sɛ obi pɛ sɛ ɔne nnyegyee a ɛsan ba no hyia a, obetumi asiesie ne ho ama nsa a ɔde bɛka ade no bere a ɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɛbɛba. Sɛ ɔtwɛn sɛ ɔbɛte nnyegyee no na afei na ɔafi ase ayɛ biribi a, ɛyɛ mmuae kwan foforo. Nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda phase correction, period correction ne sɛnea bere ho nsɛm boa ntam; wɔmfa nka sɛ ade no gyina atenka biako pɛ so. Repp, 2005
Bere mu nsonsonoe mpɛn pii ne sɛnea ɛsakra nso yɛ nneɛma abien. Obi betumi adi nnyegyee anim kakra bere nyinaa, anaasɛ ne mia-so ahwete kɔ akyiri wɔ zero ho. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma ahorow, na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔka bom ma ɛyɛ atɛn biako sɛ botae biara a ɛyɛ negative no yɛ bɔne. Repp et al., 2013
So ahoɔhare a metronome no bɔ no sesa dwumadi no?
Ahoɔhare a nnipa pɛ ne ahoɔhare ahorow a wotumi di akyi no sesa bere a onipa renyin. McAuley ne ne mfɛfoɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa onipa nkwa nna nyinaa ho, ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa ahoɔhare a obi ankasa de bɔ nnyegyee ho no kyerɛ nea enti a metronome ahoɔhare biako nkyerɛ obiara ade koro. Ahoɔhare a obi ankasa de bɔ nnyegyee a onni akwankyerɛ no nso yɛ soronko wɔ sɛ obi ne nnyegyee a wɔde ama no hyia ho. McAuley et al., 2006 Desbernats et al., 2023
Dɛn na ɛka ho asɛm?
Nnwinnade betumi asesa bere mu nsonsonoe a wɔsusuw
Bere a software no ahyɛ sɛ nnyegyee no bɛba no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ bere a nnyegyee no ankasa fi ase wɔ honam fam no ho; saa ara na bere a wɔkyerɛw mia-so no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ bere a nsa no ka ade ankasa no ho. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛfa bere a wɔsusuw wɔ intanɛt so ho kyerɛ sɛ mfiri ahorow de bere a ɛkyɛ ne nsakrae ba. Enti bere a wɔsusuw sɛ mia-so no di anim kakra no, mfiri no ankasa nso de nea wonhu wɔ mu ba, titiriw bere a nnyegyee ne mia-so no fa akwan ahorow so. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Sɛ wɔsan yɛ dwumadi no a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu nsakrae bi, nanso ɛno ankasa ntew bere mu nsonsonoe a ɛkɔ so daa no so. Sɛ wɔansom bere a ade ankasa si wɔ honam fam a, nyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyi mfiri biara ho bere a ɛkyɛ a wɔtaa de di dwuma no fi mu, anaa wɔkyerɛ nkyekyɛmu kakra sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛnea amemene no hyɛ ade a ɛreba anim pɛpɛɛpɛ. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
So sɛ obi mia so ntɛm no kyerɛ sɛ ɔnte nnwom nnyegyee?
Dabi. Bere mu nsonsonoe ketewa a ɛma obi hwɛ ade anim wɔ dwumadi a wɔde ne nsa ne nnyegyee hyia mu no yɛ soronko wɔ sintɔ pɔtee a wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ obi a ɔnte nnyegyee nhyia ho no mu. Saa nhwehwɛmu no fa suban a ɛtrɛw a wɔhwɛ wɔ dwumadi ahorow mu ho, na ɛnyɛ gyinaesi a ɛfa obiara ho a egyina sɛ ne mia-so no kɔ anim wɔ zero ho anaa. Phillips-Silver et al., 2011
Dɛn na wubetumi asua anaasɛ wode atoto ho ankasa?
Fa dwumadi koro, ahoɔhare koro, kwan koro a wode ka mfiri no ne nnyegyee nhyehyɛe koro toto ho, na kyerɛ bere mu nsonsonoe ne ne nsakrae no mu biara wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. Ntetee betumi asesa sɛnea obi ne dwumadi bi yɛ adwuma, nanso nhwehwɛmu yi mma ntetee dɔte pɔtee a wɔahyɛ ho bɔ anaa mmara bi sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ obiara hyɛ bere mu nsonsonoe no ma ɛyɛ zero pɛpɛɛpɛ. Repp et al., 2013
Ɛho hia nso sɛ wɔhwɛ sɛnea nkɔmhyɛ bere tiaa bi mu gyina pintinn ansa na wɔakyekyɛ obi mu. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa reliability-paradox ho no ma yehu nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ sɛ nea wɔasusuw no gyina pintinn, sen sɛ wɔde nhwɛso tiawa bi bɛkyerɛ sɛ su bi gyina hɔ daa. Hedge et al., 2017
Ade titiriw a yebetumi aka ne sɛ, hwɛ a wɔhwɛ ade a ɛreba anim no ka sɛnea wɔne nnwom nnyegyee yɛ adwuma bom no ho. Mia-so a wɔkyerɛw na edi nnyegyee anim kakra no hia sɛ wɔhwɛ dwumadi ne mfiri a wɔde yɛɛ no ho; ɛnyɛ ɔyare ho nhwehwɛmu, nnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ nnwom ho nimdeɛ nyinaa, na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ obi mmuae yɛ ntɛm nsen nnipa nyinaa. Repp, 2005 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Yɛ sɔhwɛ kwa a ɛfa eyi ho no
Nnwom nnyegyee a wɔnte sɔhwɛ
Sɔ nnwom nnyegyee a wɔnte sɔhwɛ no mu nnyegyee fã no hwɛ na fa san bɔ nhyehyɛe bi a woate. Ɛyɛ dwumadi a wutie na wosan yɛ, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛma wode metronome bɔ bere nyinaa. Ne nkontaa no nkyerɛ negative asynchrony a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ ha no tẽẽ.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
So akontaabu a ɛyɛ negative yɛ mfomso?
Ɛkyerɛ sɛ mia-so a wɔkyerɛw no dii nnyegyee no anim wɔ sɛnea yɛkyekyɛ bere mu nsonsonoe no mu. Sɛ obi di ade anim kakra wɔ ne mpɛn pii mu a, ɛyɛ ade a wonim sɛ ɛba wɔ nnyegyee ne nsa a wɔde bɔ mu mu; ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ sintɔ ankasa. Repp, 2005
So mia-so a edi anim kyerɛ sɛ mmuae bere yɛ negative?
Ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi hwɛ ade a yebetumi ahu bere a ɛbɛba anim, na ɛnyɛ mmuae a ɔhyɛ ase bere a ohu nnyegyee foforo bi a na wontumi nhu bere a ɛbɛba. Repp et al., 2013
So Bluetooth anaa fon betumi anya bere mu nsonsonoe no so nkɛntɛnso?
Nnyegyee ne nea wɔde mia so no akwan betumi de bere mu nsonsonoe aba. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsusuw mfiri nhyehyɛe no ankasa mu na wohu pɛpɛɛpɛ; ntew bere mu nsonsonoe biara so wɔ ɔkwan biako a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ so. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
F nkyerɛkyerɛmu fibea
- Repp (2005). Sensorimotor synchronization: A review of the tapping literature.
- Repp et al. (2013). Sensorimotor synchronization: A review of recent research (2006–2012).
- McAuley et al. (2006). The time of our lives: Life span development of timing and event tracking..
- Desbernats et al. (2023). Which factors modulate spontaneous motor tempo? A systematic review of the literature.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Realistic precision and accuracy of online experiment platforms, web browsers, and devices.
- Bridges et al. (2020). The timing mega-study: comparing a range of experiment generators, both lab-based and online.
- Phillips-Silver et al. (2011). Born to dance but beat deaf: A new form of congenital amusia.
- Hedge et al. (2017). The reliability paradox: Why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences.