Teko ya go se kwele mmino

Na o ka kwa gore ke modumo ofe wo o lego godimo? Hwetša kgato ye nnyenyane ya pitch yeo o ka e kwago, kgotla morethetho gape, ke moka o leke go bitša dinoto. E tšea metsotso e ka bago 4, ga e lefelwe: ga go nyakege go ingwadiša.

Ka sehlopha sa HelibrainE lekotšwe ke Robert(Seisemane), moithuti wa PhD ya thutaphedi ya fisikisiE gatišitšwe ka E lekotšwe la mafelelo ka

Go kwešiša dipoelo tša gago

  • Kgato ye nnyenyane ya pitch yeo o e kwelego: e lekanywa ka disente. Semitone, e lego kgato magareng ga dikono tše pedi tša piano tša kgauswi, ke disente tše 100. Ye ke kgato yeo o kgonnego go e hlaola makga a ka bago 7 go a 10. Ge e le ye nnyane, go kwa ga gago go nepagetše kudu.
  • Mekitimi ye e swantšhitšwego: ke mekitimi e mekae go ye 5 yeo o kgonnego go e kgotla gape ka go batamela kudu. Lebelo ga le balwe: go kgotla ga gago go otlollwa gore go lekane le botelele bja morethetho pele ga go bapetšwa.
  • Phošo ya nako ya morethetho: ka palogare, sekgoba magareng ga dikgotlo tša gago se be se fapana gakaaka’ng le sekgoba sa morethetho, ka diperesente.
  • Dinoto tše di biditšwego maina (karolo ya boikgethelo): ke dinoto tše kae tša botee tšeo o di biditšego ka nepo. Ge noto e le kgato e tee ya semitone thoko, o hwetša dintlha tše dingwe tša phesente, go swana le ka fao banyakišiši ba di balago ka gona [1].

Tsebe ya motho yo tlwaelegilego e kwa gabotse gakaaka’ng?

Semitone ke disente tše 100. Dinyakišišong tša laboratori, batho bao ba sa kago ba ithuta mmino ka tlwaelo ba kgona go kwa phapano ya pitch ya disente tše ka bago 12 go ya go 35, mola dibapadi tša mmino tše di tlwaeditšwego di kgona le disente tše ka bago 2 go ya go 17 [2][3][4]. Go itlwaetša go thuša kudu: batho bao ba sa kago ba ithuta mmino ba fihleletše maemo a dibapadi tša mmino ka morago ga diiri tše 4 go ya go 8 tša tlwaetšo [2]. Go se kwele modumo wa mmino e le ruri (congenital amusia) ga se gwa tlwaelega; go na le batho ba bagolo ba ka bago 1.5% bao ba nago le gona [5].

Dintlha tša kapejana

  • Go se kwele modumo wa mmino ga se gwa tlwaelega: batho ba bagolo ba ka bago 1.5% ba na le congenital amusia, bothata bja bophelo ka moka bja go kwa pitch ya mmino, go ya ka nyakišišo ya inthaneteng yeo e sekasekilego batho ba bagolo ba ka bago 16,600 [5]. Batho ba bantši ba bolela gore “ga ba kgone go opela”.
  • Tlwaetšo e kaonafatša go kwa pitch: mathomong, dibapadi tša mmino wa classical di be di kgona go hlaola pitch ka nepo go feta batho bao ba sa kago ba ithuta mmino ka makga a fetago 6. Batho bao ba sa kago ba ithuta mmino ba ile ba fokotša phapano yeo ka morago ga diiri tše 4 go ya go 8 tša go itlwaetša [2].
  • Go kwa pitch ye e phethagetšego go ithekgile ka thuto ya pele le polelo: gare ga barutwana ba mmino bao ba thomilego dithuto ba na le mengwaga e 4 go ya go 5, ba ka bago 60% kua Beijing le 14% sekolong sa mmino sa maemo a godimo sa US ba be ba na le pitch ye e phethagetšego [6].
  • “1 go ba 10,000” ke palo ye e sa thekgwego gabotse: palo yeo e tsopolwago gantši ya batho bao ba nago le pitch ye e phethagetšego e tšwa tekanyetšong ya 1955 yeo e bego e theilwe go dibapadi tša mmino tšeo monyakišiši o tee a ilego a kopana le tšona, e sego mohlaleng wa batho wo o kgethilwego ka go se kgethe [7].
  • Batho bohle ba kgotla pele ga nako: ge ba kgotla go sepedišana le moribo, batho ba bantši ba kgotla ka pele ga wona ka dimilisenkonde tše mmalwa go ya go tše masome [8].

Kamoo teko ya go se kwele mmino e šomago ka gona

  1. Tlhahlobo ya modumo. O kwa dinoto tše nne di hlatloga, gore o kgone go beakanya bogolo bja modumo bjo bo go loketšego. Modumo wo mogolo ga o bolele gore go tla ba kaone.
  2. Godimo goba tlase? Go bapala medumo e mebedi ka tatelano. Na wa bobedi o be o le godimo goba tlase? Pitch ya modumo wa pele e a fetoga nako le nako, magareng ga 330 le 660 Hz, ka fao o ka se ithute noto ye e beilwego. Kgato e thoma ka disente tše 100. Ka morago ga dikarabo tše pedi tše di nepagetšego ka tatelano, e a fokotšega; ge o foša karabo e a oketšega. Molao wo wa “2-fase, 1-hlaga” o bona moo o nepagalago ka 71% ya nako [9]. O ema ka morago ga diphetogo tša tsela tše 10, gomme dipoelo tša gago ke palogare ya diphetogo tše 6 tša mafelelo.
  3. Morethetho. Moribo o mokopana wa dikotlo o a bapalwa makga a 2; ke moka o a o kgotla gape. Go na le meribo e 5.
  4. Teko ya pitch ye e phethagetšego (ya boikgethelo). Dinoto tša botee tše 12, ga go na noto ya go bapiša le yona ebile ga go na ditshwaotshwao. Bolela leina la noto ye nngwe le ye nngwe o lebeletše khiiporoto.

Medumo ka moka e hlangwa ka gare ga sešupanako sa gago sa inthanete; ga go na direkhoto tše di dirišwago.

Teko ya pitch ye e phethagetšego

Pitch ye e phethagetšego (ya ka botlalo) ke bokgoni bja go bolela leina la noto ntle le go kwa noto ya go bapiša le yona pele. Nyakišišong e tee e kgolo ya inthaneteng, batho bao ba bego ba na le bokgoni bjo ba hweditše dintlha tše di phagamego kudu go feta ba bangwe; dintlha di be di bopa dihlopha tše pedi tše di arogilego, gomme go na le batho ba sego kae gare ga tšona [1]. Go ata ga yona go ithekgile ka gore o botšiša bomang: mo e ka bago 30% ya barutwana ba mmino ba Japane le 7% ba barutwana ba mmino ba Poland ba atlegile tekong ye e tiilego [7], gomme dithuto tša bjaneng le polelo ya medumo di dira gore go be bonolo go e hwetša [6]. Batho ba bantši, go akaretša le dibapadi tše dintši tše dibotse tša mmino, ba na le pitch ya go bapiša: ba kwa dikgato magareng ga dinoto, e sego dinoto ka botšona.

Ke eng seo se kgomago dipoelo tša gago?

  • Tlwaetšo ya mmino. Mengwaga ya go bapala sedirišwa sa mmino goba go opela e dira gore go kwa dikgato tša pitch go be bonolo kudu [2][3].
  • Go itlwaetša mošomo wo ka bowona. Tekanyo ya go kwa e a fokotšega diteko tša mathomo, le ge di dirwa ka nako e tee [2]. Bapetša teko ya gago ye e tlago le ye.
  • Dihlogwana tša tsebe le phapoši. Dihlogwana tša tsebe le phapoši ya setu di a thuša. Diboledi tše dinyenyane tša mogaleng di ka dira gore go be thata go kwa medumo ya tlase.
  • Go tsepamisa kgopolo le go lapa. Ge o sa tsepamise kgopolo tekong e tee, kgato e tla oketšega gape.
  • Mekgwa ya moribo. Ge ba kgotla morethetho gape, batho ba rata go o fetošetša meribong ye bonolo, bjalo ka ge dinoto tše telele e ka ba botelele gabedi bja tše kopana [10]. Go dira “diphošo” go itšego ke selo se se tlwaelegilego go bohle.

Seo teko ye e ka go botšago sona le seo e ka se go botšego sona

Teko ya Helibrain ya go se kwele mmino ke papadi ya tsebe ya go ithabiša yeo e theilwego mešomong ya dinyakišišo. Ga se teko ya go kwa, ga se tlhahlobo ya amusia, gape ga se ditlhahlobo tša dinyakišišo tšeo di dirišwago go e hlahloba (bjalo ka Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Modumo wa sešupanako sa gago sa inthanete le diboledi ga se didirišwa tša laboratori, ka fao tšeela dipalo tša gago godimo bjalo ka ditekanyetšo tša kakaretšo.

Ge o tshwenyegile ka go kwa ga gago, go swana le ge polelo e kwagala e homotše, bona ngaka goba setsebi sa tša go kwa.

Dipotšišo tše di botšišwago gantši

Nka tseba bjang ge e ba ke sa kwele modumo wa mmino?

Ge o kgona go hlaola gore ke ofe wa medumo e mebedi wo o lego godimo ge e arotšwe ke semitone (disente tše 100), go na le kgonagalo e kgolo ya gore ga o na bothata bja go se kwele modumo wa mmino: batho ba bantši ba kwa dikgato tše dinyenyane kudu [2][4]. Go se kwele modumo wa mmino e le ruri, e lego congenital amusia, go ama batho ba bagolo ba ka bago 1.5% [5] gomme go hlahlobja ka diteko tše telele tša dinyakišišo. Teko ya Helibrain ya go se kwele mmino e go nea kgopolo ya mathomo, e sego tlhahlobo.

Ke batho ba bakae bao ba sa kwelego modumo wa mmino?

Batho ba bagolo ba ka bago 1.5% ba na le congenital amusia, go ya ka nyakišišo ya inthaneteng yeo e sekasekilego batho ba ka bago 16,600 ba mengwaga ya 18 go ya go 65 [5]. Nyakišišo ya kgale ya 1980 e beile palo go 4%, e diriša teko e fapanego le tlhaloso yeo e akaretšago batho ba bantši [12]. Batho ba bantši kudu ba nagana gore ga ba kwele modumo wa mmino ka gobane ga ba kgone go opela gabotse; go opela le go kwa pitch ke mabokgoni a go fapana.

Pitch ye e phethagetšego ga e tlwaelega gakaaka’ng?

Pitch ye e phethagetšego ga se ye e tlwaelegilego bathong ka kakaretšo, eupša ga go motho yo a kilego a lekanya ka nepo gore e gae kaaka’ng. Palo ye e tumilego ya “1 go ba 10,000” ke tekanyetšo ya kgale yeo e se nago bohlatse bjo bo tiilego [7]. Gare ga barutwana ba mmino, palo e tloga go diperesente tše mmalwa go ya go mo e ka bago 30%, go ya ka gore dithuto di thomile neng le polelo [6][7].

Na motho yo mogolo a ka ithuta pitch ye e phethagetšego?

Batho ba bagolo ba ka ithuta go lemoga dinoto tše dingwe ge ba itlwaetša kudu, eupša pitch ya kgonthe ye e phethagetšego e tswalana kudu le dithuto tša mmino bjaneng [6]. Batho ba bantši ba dibapadi tša mmino ba diriša pitch ya go bapiša, e lego go kwa dikgato magareng ga dinoto; e kaonafala kudu ka go itlwaetša mengwageng efe goba efe [2].

Dipoelo tše dibotse ke dife tekong ya pitch?

Dinyakišišong tša laboratori, batho bao ba sa kago ba ithuta mmino ka tlwaelo ba kwa diphapano tša disente tše ka bago 12 go ya go 35, gomme dibapadi tša mmino tše di tlwaeditšwego di kwa tše ka bago 2 go ya go 17 [2][3][4]. Dipoelo tša ka tlase ga disente tše 10 di bontšha tsebe ye e nago le go kwa go botse kudu. Ka godimo ga disente tše 100 (semitone) ga se gwa tlwaelega, gomme go ka ba kaone go leka gape ka phapošing ya setu o rwele dihlogwana tša tsebe.

Na teko ya Helibrain ya go se kwele mmino e tloga e sa lefelwe?

Ee. Teko le dipoelo tša gago ka botlalo ga di lefelwe: ga go nyakege go ingwadiša, imeile goba tefo. Helibrain e hwetša letseno ka tirišo ya yona, yeo e nago le peakanyo ya mahala le tše dingwe tše di lefelwago; ga go nyakege tirišo yeo gore o dire teko.

Diteko tše di tswalanago

Bona diteko ka moka tše 43 tša mahala tša bjoko

O nyaka go šoma ka se letšatši le letšatši? App ya Helibrain (ga bjale e hwetšagala ka Seisemane) e na le leano la mahala le mananeo ao a lefelwago.

Tsopola letlakala le: Teko ya go se kwele mmino. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/nso/tone-deaf-test. CC BY 4.0.

Dipotšišo tše tlwaelegilego

How this test works

This ear game has two parts and an optional third. First, two tones play and you say whether the second was higher or lower. The difference shrinks after two right answers and grows after a mistake, until it settles near the smallest step you can hear. That step, in cents, is your main score. Second, you tap back 5 short click rhythms. Third, you can name 12 single notes. This up-down method was described in 1971.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tone deaf test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tone-deaf-test/methods

Full method →

Methopo

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (dipalo tša disente bjalo ka ge di akareditšwe go Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Kamoo re hlamilego letlakala le ka gona: le ngwadilwe ke sehlopha sa Helibrain go ya ka dinyakišišo tše di lokeleditšwego ka mo godimo, gomme la lekwa ke Robert(Seisemane) (moithuti wa PhD ya thutaphedi ya fisikisi) ka 2026 Nofemere 4. Re le mpshafatša ge methopo e fetoga.