Ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi

Woshobora kumenya ijwi riri hejuru y'irindi? Rondera intambwe ntoya y'ijwi ushobora kwumva, usubiremwo injyana mu gukanda, hanyuma ugerageze kwita amazina y'amajwi. Bifata nk'iminota 4, ni ubuntu kandi nta kwiyandikisha.

Vyanditswe n'umugwi wa HelibrainVyasuzumwe na Robert(Icongereza), umunyeshure w'ibijanye n'ubugenge bw'ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa dogitoraVyashizwe ahabona Vyasubiye gusuzumwa ubwa nyuma

Uko usoma igisubizo cawe

  • Intambwe ntoya y'ijwi wumvise: ipimwa mu ma-senti. Intambwe iri hagati y'amajwi abiri akurikirana kuri piyano ni 100 cents. Iyo ni intambwe washoboye gutandukanya nk'incuro 7 kuri 10. Intambwe ntoya ni yo yumvikana neza kurusha.
  • Injyana wasubiyemwo: umubare w'injyana muri 5 wakubise hafi neza. Umuvuduko ntubarwa: gukanda kwawe kuramburwa canke kugabanywa kugira bihuze n'uburebure bw'injyana imbere yo kubigereranya.
  • Ikosa ry'igihe mu njyana: ku rugero, aho intera iri hagati y'ugukanda kwawe itandukaniye n'intera y'injyana, mu majana y'ijana.
  • Amajwi wamenye (igice ushobora guhitamwo): umubare w'amajwi umwe umwe wamenye neza. Iyo ijwi ritandukanye n'iry'ukuri na semitone imwe, uronka amanota amwamwe mu majana y'ijana, nk'uko abashakashatsi bayabara [1].

Ugutwi kw'umuntu asanzwe kumva gute?

Semitone ni 100 cents. Mu bushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari, abantu basanzwe batize umuziki barashobora kwumva itandukaniro ry'ijwi ringana na cents 12 gushika kuri 35, nayo abamenyerejwe umuziki bakumva iringaniye na cents 2 gushika kuri 17 [2][3][4]. Kwimenyereza birafasha cane: abantu batize umuziki bashitse ku rugero rw'abacuraranzi inyuma y'amasaha 4 gushika kuri 8 yo kwimenyereza [2]. Kutamenya amajwi koko (amusia umuntu avukana) ntikwibonekeza cane, kurashikira nk'1.5% vy'abakuze [5].

Ibintu nyamukuru

  • Kutamenya amajwi ntikwibonekeza cane: nk'1.5% vy'abakuze bavukana amusia, ingorane imara ubuzima bwose yo kumva amajwi y'umuziki, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwo kuri internet bwasesanguye nk'abantu bakuze 16,600 [5]. Abandi benshi bavuga ngo "sinshobora kuririmba".
  • Kwimenyereza gutuma gutandukanya amajwi birushiriza kuba kirumara: abacuraranzi ba muzika ya kera bashobora gutandukanya amajwi ku rugero ruto incuro zirenga 6 kurusha abantu batize umuziki. Abatize umuziki bagabanije iryo tandukaniro inyuma y'amasaha 4 gushika kuri 8 yo kwimenyereza [2].
  • Kumva ijwi neza ata rindi ryifashishijwe bivana n'ukumenyerezwa ukiri muto n'ururimi: mu banyeshure b'umuziki batanguye ivyigwa bafise imyaka 4 gushika kuri 5, nk'60% i Beijing na 14% mw'ishure rikuru ry'umuziki ryo muri Amerika bari bafise ubwo bushobozi [6].
  • "Umuntu 1 muri 10,000" ni igitigiri kidashingiye ku bimenyamenya bikomeye: igitigiri c'ubushobozi bwo kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe kivugwa kenshi kivuye ku kigereranyo co mu 1955, gishingiye ku bacuraranzi umushakashatsi umwe yari yarahuye na bo, aho kuba ku bantu batoranijwe mu buryo bw'impanuka [7].
  • Abantu benshi bakanda imbere y'igihe: iyo bakanda bakurikira umudiho, benshi bakanda imbere yawo ho imili-segonda nkeya gushika kuri mirongo [8].

Uko ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi gikora

  1. Kugenzura ijwi. Wumva amajwi ane agenda yurira, kugira uhitemwo ijwi ryumvikana neza. Ijwi rirenga ntiryiza kurusha.
  2. Hejuru canke hasi? Amajwi abiri arumvikana, rimwe inyuma y'irindi. Irya kabiri ryari hejuru canke hasi? Uburebure bw'ijwi rya mbere burahinduka buri gihe, hagati ya 330 na 660 Hz, rero ntushobora gufata mu mutwe ijwi rimwe ridahinduka. Intambwe itangura kuri 100 cents. Umaze kwishura neza incuro zibiri zikurikirana iragabanuka; wishuye nabi irakura. Itegeko rya "2 hasi, 1 hejuru" rituma hamenyekana aho ushobora kwishura neza nk'incuro 71% [9]. Rihagarara inyuma y'aho uca uhindura inyishu incuro 10, maze igisubizo cawe kikaba impuzandengo y'izo ncuro 6 za nyuma.
  3. Injyana. Injyana ngufi y'udukanda irumvikana incuro 2; hanyuma uyisubiremwo mu gukanda. Hariho injyana 5.
  4. Ikigeragezo co kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe (ushobora guhitamwo). Amajwi amwamwe 12, ata jwi ryo kuyagereranya canke inyishu ikwereka ko wakoze neza. Yita rimwe rimwe ukoresheje klaviye.

Amajwi yose akorerwa muri porogarama yawe yo kurondera amakuru kuri internet; nta majwi yafashwe akoreshwa.

Ikigeragezo co kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe

Kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe ni ukwita izina ijwi utabanje kwumva irindi ryo kurigereranya. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe bunini bwo kuri internet, abantu bari bafise ubwo bushobozi baronse amanota ari hejuru cane y'ay'abandi; amanota yagabuwe mu migwi ibiri itandukanye, hakaba abantu bake hagati yayo [1]. Ingene ubwo bushobozi bwiganje bivana n'abo ubajije: nk'30% vy'abanyeshure b'umuziki b'Abayapani na 7% vy'Abanyeshure b'umuziki bo muri Polonye baratsinze ikigeragezo gikomeye [7], kandi ivyigwa bitangura hakiri kare hamwe n'ururimi rufise amajwi ahindura insobanuro vyongera amahirwe yo kubugira [6]. Abantu benshi, harimwo n'abacuraranzi benshi b'abahanga, ahubwo bumva itandukaniro riri hagati y'amajwi: bumva intambwe ziva ku jwi rimwe zija ku rindi, ntibamenye amajwi ubwayo.

Ni ibiki bigira ico bikoze ku gisubizo cawe?

  • Kumenyerezwa umuziki. Imyaka umaze ucakirana igicurarangisho canke uririmba bituma kwumva intambwe z'amajwi vyoroha cane [2][3].
  • Kwimenyereza iki gikorwa ubwaco. Mu bigeragezo vya mbere, intambwe ntoya ushobora gutandukanya iragabanuka, mbere no mu kiringo kimwe co kugerageza [2]. Gereranya ico uzosubira kugerageza n'iki.
  • Utwi two kwumviriza n'aho uri. Utwi two kwumviriza n'icumba gitekanye birafasha. Utwuma dutoya two muri telefone dushobora gutuma amajwi yo hasi yumvikana nabi.
  • Kwitwararika no kunanirwa. Kudakurikira neza mu gihe kimwe bituma intambwe isubira kwiyongera.
  • Ingeso mu njyana. Abantu bakunda gusubiriza injyana igoye mu yoroshe, nk'amajwi maremare akamara incuro zibiri z'ay'afatanye, iyo basubiyemwo mu gukanda [10]. Kwihenda gatoyi birashikira bose.

Ico iki kigeragezo gishobora n'ico kidashobora kukubwira

Ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi ca Helibrain ni agakino karyoshe k'ugutwi gashingiye ku bikorwa vyakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi. Si ikigeragezo co gupima kwumva, si isuzuma rya amusia, kandi si ibindi bipimo vy'ubushakashatsi bikoreshwa mu kuyisuzuma (nk'Ikipimo ca Montreal co Gusuzuma Amusia) [11]. Amajwi yo muri porogarama yo kurondera amakuru kuri internet hamwe n'utwuma tuyasohora si ibikoresho vya laboratwari; rero fata ibiharuro vyawe nk'ibigereranyo gusa.

Nimba ufise amakenga ku kwumva kwawe, nk'igihe ijwi ry'umuntu asa n'iryumvikana ritamoye, nja kwa muganga canke ku muhinga mu vyo kwumva.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa

Namenya gute ko ntamenya amajwi?

Nimba ushobora kumenya iry'ijwi riri hejuru mu majwi abiri atandukaniye na semitone imwe (100 cents), birashoboka cane ko utari ikiragi c'amajwi: abantu benshi barashobora kwumva intambwe ntoya cane kuruta iyo [2][4]. Kutamenya amajwi koko, amusia umuntu avukana, kurashikira nk'1.5% vy'abakuze [5] kandi gusuzumwa bisaba ibigeragezo vy'ubushakashatsi birebire. Ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi ca Helibrain kigufasha kuronka iciyumviro ca mbere, ntigisuzuma indwara.

Ni igitigiri kingana iki c'abantu batamenya amajwi?

Nk'1.5% vy'abakuze bavukana amusia, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwo kuri internet bwasesanguye abantu nk'16,600 bafise imyaka 18 gushika kuri 65 bubivuga [5]. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwa kera bwo mu 1980 bwavuze ko ari 4%, bukoresheje ikigeragezo gitandukanye n'insobanuro yagutse [12]. Abantu benshi cane biyumvira ko batamenya amajwi kubera badashoboye kuririmba neza; kuririmba no kwumva amajwi ni ubuhinga butandukanye.

Kumva ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe ntibibonekeza ku rugero rungana iki?

Kumva ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe ntibibonekeza cane mu bantu bose, ariko nta n'umwe amaze gupima neza ingene ari gake. Igitigiri kizwi ca "umuntu 1 muri 10,000" ni ikigereranyo ca kera gishingiye ku bimenyamenya bidakomeye [7]. Mu banyeshure b'umuziki, abo bafise ubwo bushobozi bava ku majana makeyi gushika kuri 30%, bivanye n'igihe batanguriye ivyigwa hamwe n'ururimi [6][7].

Umuntu akuze yoshobora kwiga kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe?

Abantu bakuze barashobora kwiga kumenya amajwi amwamwe bamaze kwimenyereza cane, ariko kumenya ijwi ata rindi ryifashishijwe koko bifitaniye isano rikomeye n'ivyigwa vy'umuziki vyo mu bwana [6]. Abacuraranzi benshi bakoresha kumenya itandukaniro hagati y'amajwi: kumva intambwe ziva ku jwi rimwe zija ku rindi. Ubu buhinga buratera imbere neza iyo umuntu abimenyereza ku myaka iyo ari yo yose [2].

Ni amanota ayahe meza mu kigeragezo c'amajwi?

Mu bushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari, abantu batize umuziki bashobora kwumva itandukaniro ringana na cents 12 gushika kuri 35, nayo abamenyerejwe umuziki bakumva iringaniye na cents 2 gushika kuri 17 [2][3][4]. Igisubizo kiri munsi ya cents 10 cerekana ugutwi kwumva neza cane. Ikirenga cents 100 (semitone imwe) ntikibonekeza kandi birakwiye ko wongera kugerageza uri ahatekanye ukoresheje utwi two kwumviriza.

Ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi ca Helibrain ni ubuntu koko?

Ego. Ikigeragezo n'igisubizo cose uronka ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeyili, nta kuriha. Helibrain yinjiza amahera biciye muri porogarama yayo, ifise uburyo bwo gukoresha ku buntu n'uburihirwa; ntukeneye iyo porogarama kugira ukore ikigeragezo.

Ibipimo bifitaniye isano

Raba ibipimo vyose vy'ubwonko ku buntu: 43

Wipfuza kubikora buri musi? Porogarama ya Helibrain (ubu iri mu congereza gusa) ifise uburyo bwo gukoresha ku buntu n'uburyo bwo kuriha.

Vuga uru rupapuro: Ikigeragezo co kumenya amajwi. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/tone-deaf-test. CC BY 4.0.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa

How this test works

This ear game has two parts and an optional third. First, two tones play and you say whether the second was higher or lower. The difference shrinks after two right answers and grows after a mistake, until it settles near the smallest step you can hear. That step, in cents, is your main score. Second, you tap back 5 short click rhythms. Third, you can name 12 single notes. This up-down method was described in 1971.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tone deaf test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tone-deaf-test/methods

Full method →

Amasoko

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (cent values as summarized in Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Ukuntu twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'umugwi wa Helibrain hisunzwe ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe aho haruguru, hanyuma rusuzumwa na Robert(Icongereza) (umunyeshure w'ibijanye n'ubugenge bw'ibinyabuzima ku rwego rwa dogitora) kuri 4 Munyonyo 2026. Turaruhindura iyo amakuru y'inkomoko ahindutse.