Chiyezgo cha Kupulika Matoni

Kasi mungapulika toni iyo njapachanya? Sangani kachigaŵa kachoko chomene ka toni ako mungapulika, gongodani ndondomeko ya kayuni, pamanyuma yezgani kuzunura matoni. Vikutora pafupifupi maminiti 4, kwaulere: kwambura kulembeska.

Na gulu la HelibrainYawelereskeka na Robert(Chingelezi), uyo wakusambira digiri ya PhD ya sayansi ya physics ya viŵikiliYikafaliskika Yawelereskekaso paumaliro

Umo mungapulikiskira ivyo mwachita

  • Kachigaŵa kachoko chomene ka toni ako mwapulika: mu cents. Semitone, icho ntchigaŵa pakati pa makiyi gha piyano agho ghali pafupi na pafupi, ni 100 cents. Ichi ntchigaŵa icho mukapambaniska makora pafupifupi ka 7 pa 10. Kachigaŵa kachoko kakulongora kupulikiska makora chomene.
  • Ndondomeko za kayuni izo mwapulikiska: ndondomeko zingati pa 5 izo mwagongodaso mwakuyana nayo. Luŵiro lwa kayuni ndakuzirwa yayi: tikuyaniska para tamwazga kugongoda kwinu kuti kuyana na utali wa ndondomeko ya kayuni.
  • Kusobeka kwa nyengo ya kayuni: pa avareji, mphambano ya utali wa nyengo pakati pa kugongoda kwinu na kayuni, mu peresenti.
  • Matoni agho mwazunura (chigaŵa chakusankha): matoni ghalighose agho mwazunura mwakwenelera. Toni iyo yasobeka na semitone yimoza yikuŵa na malipiro ghachoko mu peresenti, umo ŵasayansi ŵakupimira [1].

Kasi kupulika makora kwa ŵanthu ŵanandi kuli wuli?

Semitone ni 100 cents. Mu kafukufuku wa mu labu, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵandasambire sumu ŵakupulika mphambano za toni za pafupifupi 12 mpaka 35 cents, ndipo awo ŵakusambira sumu ŵakupulika kachoko chomene ka pafupifupi 2 mpaka 17 cents [2][3][4]. Kusambira kukovwira chomene: awo ŵandasambire sumu ŵakafika pa mulingo wa awo ŵakusambira sumu ŵati ŵasambira kwa maora 4 mpaka 8 [2]. Kutondeka kupulika matoni (congenital amusia) nkhwachilendo chomene, kukukhwaska pafupifupi 1.5% ya ŵalara [5].

Ivyo mukwenera kumanya luŵiro

  • Kutondeka kupulika matoni nkhwachilendo chomene: pafupifupi 1.5% ya ŵalara ŵali na congenital amusia, suzgo la umoyo wose la kupulika matoni gha sumu, mu kafukufuku wa pa intaneti uyo wakapenda ŵalara pafupifupi 16,600 [5]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ŵakuti "ŵangayimba yayi".
  • Kusambira kukuzomerezga kupulika makora matoni: awo ŵakusambira sumu ya klasiki pakwamba ŵakapulikanga mphambano za toni kachoko chomene kupambana na awo ŵandasambire sumu, kupambana na ka 6. Awo ŵandasambire sumu ŵakafika pa mulingo wawo ŵati ŵasambira kwa maora 4 mpaka 8 [2].
  • Kupulika toni mwakukwana kukuthemba pa kusambira kukwambilira na chiyowoyero: pa ŵasambiri ŵa sumu awo ŵakamba masambiro ŵali na vyaka 4 mpaka 5, pafupifupi 60% ku Beijing na 14% ku sukulu yikuru ya sumu ku US ŵakapulika toni mwakukwana [6].
  • Chiŵerengero cha "munthu 1 pa 10,000" ntchakugomezgeka pachoko: chiŵerengero icho ŵanthu ŵakuzunura kanandi cha kupulika toni mwakukwana chikufuma ku kuyana kwa mu 1955 uko kukazikika pa ŵanthu ŵakusambira sumu awo ŵakakumana na muphakuli munyake, yayi pa sampuli yakusoleka mwamwaŵi [7].
  • Waliyose wakugongoda mwaluŵiro chomene: para ŵakugongoda kuyana na kayuni, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugongoda pasono panthazi na kayuni na ma milliseconds ghanandi [8].

Umo chiyezgo cha kupulika matoni chikugwilira ntchito

  1. Kupima chiŵerengero cha lumoza. Mupulikenge matoni ghanayi ghakukwela, kuti musankhe chiŵerengero chakukondweska. Kupanga chiŵerengero chakukwela chomene nkhwakwenelera yayi.
  2. Yapachanya panji yapasi? Matoni ghaŵiri ghakulira, limoza pamanyuma pa linyake. Kasi toni yachiŵiri yikaŵa yapachanya panji yapasi? Toni yakwamba yikusintha nyengo yiliyose, pakati pa 330 na 660 Hz, ntheura mungasambira toni yimoza yambura kusintha yayi. Kachigaŵa kakwamba ni 100 cents. Para mwazgora makora kaŵiri mwakulondezgana kachigaŵa kakukhalako kachoko; para mwazgora uheni kakukhalako kakuru. Dango ili la "pasi ka 2, pachanya ka 1" likusanga apo mukuzgora makora pafupifupi 71% ya nyengo [9]. Chikuŵa pa malo ghakuzgoka 10, ndipo ivyo mwapokera vikuŵa avareji ya vyakuzgoka vyakumaliro 6.
  3. Kayuni. Kayuni kakudumpha mwakudumpha kakulira 2; pamanyuma mugongodaso. Pali ndondomeko za kayuni 5.
  4. Chiyezgo cha kupulika toni mwakukwana (chakusankha). Matoni 12 ghalighose ghakupambanapambana, kwambura toni yakuyaniskira nayo panji kuphalirika usange mwazgora makora. Zunurani lililose pa kiyibodi.

Phokoso lililose likupangika mu msakatuli winu; palije ivyo vikujambulika.

Chiyezgo cha kupulika toni mwakukwana

Kupulika toni mwakukwana (absolute pitch) nkhukwaniska kuzunura toni kwambura kupulika dankha toni yakuyaniskira nayo. Mu kafukufuku yimoza yikuru ya pa intaneti, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa nayo ŵakapokera mapointi ghanandi chomene kuluska ŵanyawo wose; mapointi ghakapanga magulu ghaŵiri ghakupambanapambana, ndipo pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵachoko waka pakati [1]. Usange ni kwakawiro kukuthemba pa ŵanthu awo mwafumba: pafupifupi 30% ya ŵasambiri ŵa sumu ku Japan na 7% ku Poland ŵakafiska chiyezgo chakusuzga [7], ndipo masambiro gha sumu ghakukwambilira na chiyowoyero cha matoni vikupangiska kuti chiŵe chakawiro chomene [6]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakumanya sumu makora, ŵali na kupulika mphambano ya matoni: ŵakupulika mipata pakati pa matoni, kuti matoni ghenecho yayi.

Kasi ntchivichi chikukhwaska ivyo mwapokera?

  • Kusambira sumu. Vyaka vinandi vya kuŵerenga chiyimbiro panji kwimba vikovwira chomene kupulika mphambano za toni [2][3].
  • Kuzgoŵezga pa chiyezgo cheneko. Mphambano zakuti mungapulika zikukhala zichoko mu maulendo ghakwamba, nanga ni mu nyengo yimoza yakuyesera [2]. Yezganiso ndipo yerezgerani na ivyo mwapokera apa.
  • Vipulikizgi vya ku makutu na chipinda. Vipulikizgi vya ku makutu na chipinda chachete vikovwira. Vipulikizgi vichoko vya foni vingapangiska kuti matoni ghapasi ghaŵe ghakusuzga kupulika.
  • Kuŵika mahara na kuvuka. Para mwataya mahara pa chiyezgo chimoza, kachigaŵa kakukulirakoso.
  • Mazgoŵero gha kayuni. Para ŵakugongoda kayuni, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kusinthira ku ndondomeko zipusu, nga ni kuti matoni ghatalighatali ghaŵe kaŵiri kuluska ghafupi [10]. Ŵanthu wose nyengo zinyake ŵakusobeka.

Ivyo chiyezgo ichi chingamuphalirani na ivyo chingamuphalirani yayi

Chiyezgo cha kupulika matoni cha Helibrain ni mchezo wakukondweska wa kupulika, wakuzikika pa milimo ya kafukufuku. Ichi ntchiyezgo cha makutu yayi, ntchakupima amusia yayi, ndipo ni chiyezgo cha kafukufuku yayi icho ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kusimikizga suzgo ili (nga ni Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia) [11]. Phokoso la msakatuli na vipulikizgi ni vyakupimira vya mu labu yayi, ntheura wonani kuti manambara ghinu ngakuyana waka.

Usange mukufipa mtima na umo mukupulikira, mwachiyelezgero para mazgu ghakupulikikwa nga ghakubisika, wonani dokotala panji katswiri wa makutu.

Mafumbo agho ŵanthu ŵakufumba kanandi

Kasi ningamanya wuli usange ndikupulika matoni yayi?

Usange mungamanya ni toni ni yapachanya pakati pa matoni ghaŵiri para mphambano yake ni semitone (100 cents), ndikuti mukupulika makora chomene: ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakupulika mphambano zichoko chomene [2][4]. Kutondeka kupulika matoni, congenital amusia, kukukhwaska pafupifupi 1.5% ya ŵalara [5] ndipo kukusimikizgika na viyezgo virefu vya kafukufuku. Chiyezgo cha kupulika matoni cha Helibrain chikumupani fundo yakwamba, kuti chikupima suzgo yayi.

Kasi ŵanthu ŵangati ŵakupulika matoni yayi?

Pafupifupi 1.5% ya ŵalara ŵali na congenital amusia, kuyana na kafukufuku wa pa intaneti uyo wakapenda ŵanthu ŵalara pafupifupi 16,600 ŵa vyaka 18 mpaka 65 [5]. Kafukufuku wakale wa 1980 wakati ni 4%, pakugwiliskira ntchito chiyezgo chinyake na ng’anamuro ilo likupambaniska makora yayi [12]. Ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵakupulika matoni yayi chifukwa ŵakwimba makora yayi; kwimba na kupulika mphambano za matoni ni maluso ghakupambanapambana.

Kasi kupulika toni mwakukwana nkhwachilendo wuli?

Kupulika toni mwakukwana nkhwachilendo pakati pa ŵanthu wose, kweni palije munthu uyo wapima mwakwenelera umo kuliri kwachilendo. Chiŵerengero chakumanyikwa cha "munthu 1 pa 10,000" ntchiyerekezgero chakale ndipo chilije ukaboni wakukhora [7]. Pakati pa ŵasambiri ŵa sumu chiŵerengero chikupambana kufuma pa maperesenti ghachoko kufika pafupifupi 30%, kuyana na nyengo iyo ŵakambira masambiro na chiyowoyero [6][7].

Kasi munthu mulara wangasambira kupulika toni mwakukwana?

Ŵalara ŵangasambira kumanya matoni ghanyake para ŵazgoŵezga chomene, kweni kupulika toni mwakukwana kukukolerana chomene na masambiro gha sumu mu wanici [6]. Kupulika mphambano ya matoni, uko nkhupulika mipata pakati pa matoni, ndiko ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakumanya sumu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito, ndipo kungasintha makora na kuzgoŵezga pa msinkhu uliwose [2].

Kasi mapointi ghawemi pa chiyezgo cha matoni ni ghani?

Mu kafukufuku wa mu labu, awo ŵandasambire sumu kanandi ŵakupulika mphambano za pafupifupi 12 mpaka 35 cents ndipo awo ŵakusambira sumu ŵakupulika 2 mpaka 17 cents [2][3][4]. Ivyo mwapokera vyapasi pa 10 cents vikulongora kuti mukupulika makora chomene. Ivyo vyapachanya pa 100 cents (semitone) ni vyachilendo ndipo mukwenera kuyezgaso mu chipinda chachete na vipulikizgi vya ku makutu.

Kasi chiyezgo cha kupulika matoni cha Helibrain ntchaulere nadi?

Enya. Chiyezgo na ivyo mwapokera vyose ni vyaulere: palije kulembeska, email, panji kulipira. Helibrain yikusanga ndalama kufuma ku pulogiramu yake, iyo yili na ndondomeko yaulere na ndondomeko zakulipira; mukukhumbikwira yayi pulogiramu iyi kuti muchite chiyezgo.

Mayezgo ghanyake

Wonani mayezgo ghose gha wongo ghaulere 43

Mukukhumba kuchita ivi zuŵa lililose? App ya Helibrain (yili mu Chingelezi pera sono) yili na pulani yaulere na mapulani ghakulipilira.

Zunurani peji ili: Chiyezgo cha Kupulika Matoni. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/tum/tone-deaf-test. CC BY 4.0.

Mafumbo ghakawiro

How this test works

This ear game has two parts and an optional third. First, two tones play and you say whether the second was higher or lower. The difference shrinks after two right answers and grows after a mistake, until it settles near the smallest step you can hear. That step, in cents, is your main score. Second, you tap back 5 short click rhythms. Third, you can name 12 single notes. This up-down method was described in 1971.

Version 1 · Cite this test:

Helibrain (2026). Tone deaf test, v1. https://helibrain.com/tone-deaf-test/methods

Full method →

Vyakufumira

  1. Athos EA, Levinson B, Kistler A, et al. (2007). Dichotomy and perceptual distortions in absolute pitch ability. PNAS 104(37):14795–14800. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703868104
  2. Micheyl C, Delhommeau K, Perrot X, Oxenham AJ (2006). Influence of musical and psychoacoustical training on pitch discrimination. Hearing Research 219(1–2):36–47. doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.004 (cent values as summarized in Deroche et al. 2017, doi.org/10.1121/1.5005496)
  3. Bianchi F, Santurette S, Wendt D, Dau T (2016). Pitch discrimination in musicians and non-musicians: effects of harmonic resolvability and processing effort. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 17(1):69–79. doi.org/10.1007/s10162-015-0548-2
  4. Larrouy-Maestri P, Harrison PMC, Müllensiefen D (2019). The mistuning perception test: a new measurement instrument. Behavior Research Methods 51(2):663–675. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01225-1
  5. Peretz I, Vuvan DT (2017). Prevalence of congenital amusia. European Journal of Human Genetics 25(5):625–630. doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2017.15
  6. Deutsch D, Henthorn T, Marvin E, Xu H (2006). Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119(2):719–722. doi.org/10.1121/1.2151799
  7. Miyazaki K, Makomaska S, Rakowski A (2012). Prevalence of absolute pitch: a comparison between Japanese and Polish music students. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132(5):3484–3493. doi.org/10.1121/1.4756956
  8. Aschersleben G (2002). Temporal control of movements in sensorimotor synchronization. Brain and Cognition 48(1):66–79. doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1304
  9. Levitt H (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 49(2B):467–477. doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375
  10. Jacoby N, McDermott JH (2017). Integer ratio priors on musical rhythm revealed cross-culturally by iterated reproduction. Current Biology 27(3):359–370. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.031
  11. Peretz I, Champod AS, Hyde K (2003). Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 999:58–75. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1284.006
  12. Kalmus H, Fry DB (1980). On tune deafness (dysmelodia): frequency, development, genetics and musical background. Annals of Human Genetics 43(4):369–382. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1980.tb01571.x

Umo peji ili likapangikira: gulu la Helibrain likalemba kufuma mu kafukufuku uyo walongosoreka pachanya, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (uyo wakusambira digiri ya PhD ya sayansi ya physics ya viŵikili) wakaliwelereskaso pa 11/4/2026. Tikulisintha para ivyo vyagwiliskirika ntchito vyasintha.