Mutambo wemakadhi ane mapaketi mana

Mapaketi mana, mitemo yakavanzika. Mamwe mapaketi anopa mibayiro mikuru asi achikurasisa zvakawanda; mamwe anopa zvishoma uye achikurasisa zvishoma. Unogona kusiyanisa here? Maminitsi angangosvika 5, mahara, hapana kunyoresa.

Nechikwata cheHelibrainYakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu), ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysicsYakabudiswa Yakapedzisira kuongororwa

Kuverenga mhinduro yako

  • Zvibodzwa zvese: huwandu hwemakadhi awasarudza kubva pamapaketi maviri akanaka, bvisa awasarudza kubva pamapaketi maviri akaipa, pamakadhi 100 ose awasarudza. Zvinobva pa−100 kusvika pa+100; nhamba inopfuura 0 inoreva kuti wakasarudza mapaketi anopa mubayiro nekufamba kwenguva kakawanda. Ichi ndicho chibodzwa chinowanzoshandiswa paMuedzo weKubheja weIowa [2].
  • Girafu rekudzidza: zvibodzwa zvakafanana, asi zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe chemakadhi 20. Mbariro dzinokwira dzinoreva kuti wakaziva kuti ndeapi mapaketi anopa mubayiro uchitamba.
  • Mhando yemapaketi: mutambo wapera, mhinduro inoratidza kuti paketi imwe neimwe yaiva yerudzii. Nzvimbo dzawo pachiratidziro dzinoshandurwa pamutambo mumwe nomumwe, saka peji rino harigoni kuburitsa mhinduro.
  • Kuenzanisa nevamwe vatambi: kana vanhu vanenge 30 vatamba, mhinduro inoratidza chikamu chevatambi vawakakunda.

Chibodzwa chakanaka paMuedzo weKubheja weIowa chii?

Chibodzwa chose chinopfuura 0 chinoreva kuti wakasarudza mapaketi akanaka kakawanda kupfuura akaipa. Vakuru vakawanda vane utano vanowana zvibodzwa zvakaderera kupfuura zvaungafunga: pavanhu vakuru vane utano 330 vakapinda muzvidzidzo 4 zvemhando iyi yemuedzo, chibodzwa chose chepakati pamakadhi 100 chaiva 2.5, uye vanenge hafu vakapedza vari pasi pe0 [2][3].

Mashoko anokurumidza

  • Zvinoyerwa: kuita sarudzo usina chokwadi, kureva kudzidza kubva pamibayiro nekurasikirwa kuti ndezvipi zvaunosarudza zvinobatsira pakufamba kwenguva, mitemo isingatsanangurwi [1].
  • Kwawakabva: Antoine Bechara nevamwe vaaishanda navo paUniversity of Iowa vakaburitsa muedzo uyu muna 1994. Vanhu vakanga vakuvadzwa chimwe chikamu chepamberi peuropi (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) vakaramba vachisarudza mapaketi akaipa, nepo vanhu vakawanda vane utano vakadzidza kusaasarudza [1].
  • Musungo wacho: mapaketi ane mibayiro mikuru anewo kurasikirwa kukuru. Mapaketi asingawanzokurasisa anofarirwa kunyange achirasisa mari: pavanhu vakuru 602 vane utano vari mudura remashoko rakavhurika, paketi B (mibayiro mikuru, kurasikirwa kukuru kusingawanzoitiki) ndiyo yakasarudzwa kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe [2][3].
  • Kudzidza kunononoka uye kwakasiyana: mumashoko mamwe chetewo, chibodzwa chose chepakati chakakwira kubva pa−3 paanenge ari makadhi 20 ekutanga kusvika pa+4 paanenge ari makadhi 20 ekupedzisira, uye vanhu vakasiyana zvikuru [3].
Chati yembariro inoratidza kuti rudzi rumwe norumwe rwepaketi runopa kana kutora mapoinzi mangani pamakadhi 10. Mapaketi A naB anopa mapoinzi 1,000 uye anotora 1,250 (A inotora muzviitiko zvishanu, B mune chimwe): zvinosara −250. Mapaketi C naD anopa 500 uye anotora 250 (C inotora muzviitiko zvishanu, D mune chimwe): zvinosara +250.
Mufananidzo 1. Mibayiro nekurasikirwa pamakadhi 10 erudzi rumwe norumwe rwepaketi mumutambo uyu, sezvakarongwa pamuedzo wa1994 [1]. Mhando dzemapaketi dzinochinjana nzvimbo ina pachiratidziro pamutambo mumwe nomumwe.

Mashandiro anoita mutambo

  1. Unotanga uine mapoinzi 2,000 uye mapaketi mana, ane nhamba kubva pa1 kusvika pa4.
  2. Sarudza kadhi kubva pane chero paketi. Kadhi rimwe nerimwe rinopa mapoinzi; mamwe makadhi anotora mapoinzi. Kadhi rinoratidza zvose zviri zviviri.
  3. Ramba uchisarudza. Mutambo unopera kana wasarudza makadhi nhamba yakatarwa (100). Edza kupedza uine mapoinzi akawanda sezvaunokwanisa.

Paketi imwe neimwe ine makadhi 40; paketi inopera haigoni kusarudzwazve, sezvakaita pamuedzo wepakutanga. Mhando mbiri dzemapaketi dzinopa mapoinzi 100 pakadhi rimwe chete asi dzichitora 1,250 pamakadhi 10 ose; dzimwe mbiri dzinopa 50 pakadhi rimwe chete uye dzichitora 250 pamakadhi 10 ose (Mufananidzo 1). Makadhi anorasisa anosanganiswa pakati pemakadhi 10 ose, uye nzvimbo dzemapaketi dzinoshanduka pamutambo mumwe nomumwe.

Iyi ndiyo vhezheni yedu yakavhurika, ine marongerwo akafanana nemuedzo wakabudiswa, asi haisi Muedzo weKubheja weIowa™ une rezinesi unotengeswa neakauubudisa. Makadhi ayo, kurasikirwa kwawo uye kurongeka kwawo ndezvedu, uye zvinogadzirwa patsva pamutambo mumwe nomumwe.

Zvinokanganisa zvibodzwa zvako

  • Kuti unoongorora mapaketi zvakadini. Kuedza mapaketi ose pakutanga kunokubatsira kudzidza, asi kadhi rimwe nerimwe rakaipa rinokutorera mapoinzi.
  • Zvaunoona. Kurasikirwa kukuru kusingawanzoitiki kuri nyore kukanganwa pakati penguva dzacho; nekuda kweizvozvo vanhu vakawanda vanoramba vachidzokera kupaketi B [2].
  • Kufunga nezvenguva refu. Muedzo uyu unobatsira mapaketi anopa mibayiro pamakadhi akawanda, kwete pakadhi rinotevera chete.
  • Kudzidzira. Kana waziva zvakavanzika zvacho, mutambo wechipiri unova nyore. Enzanisa mitambo yako yokutanga nemimwe mitambo yokutanga.

Zvaungadzidza nemutambo uyu nezvausingagoni kudzidza

Chibodzwa chako chose chinoratidza kuti wakakurumidza sei kuwana mapaketi ari nani mumutambo mumwe chete. Hachiyeri ungwaru uye hachigoni kukuudza chinhu nezveutano hweuropi hwako: vanhu vakuru vane utano vanosiyana zvikuru pamuedzo uyu, saka kuwana chibodzwa chakaderera chinhu chinowanzoitika [2][3]. Haisi nzira yekuongorora chirwere.

Vhezheni yedu inochengeta marongerwo akabudiswa, asi zvibodzwa zvacho hazvinyatsoenzanisiki nezvezvidzidzo zvemulabhoritari: zvidzidzo izvozvo zvaibhadhara vanhu nenzira dzakasiyana, uye kurongeka kwemakadhi chaiko kwaisiyana [3]. Nhamba dzokuenzanisa dziri papeji rino dzakabva pakuverenga kwedu kwemashoko akavhurika evanhu vakuru vane utano 330 vakatamba mavhezheni ane marongerwo akafanana needu [3].

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

Muedzo weKubheja weIowa chii?

Muedzo weKubheja weIowa mutambo wemakadhi unoshandiswa kudzidza nezvesarudzo dzinoitwa pasina chokwadi. Bechara nevamwe vake vakauubudisa muna 1994. Vatambi vanosarudza makadhi 100 kubva pamapaketi mana; mapaketi maviri anopa mibayiro mikuru uye kurasikirwa kwakatokura, uye maviri anopa mibayiro midiki nekurasikirwa kudiki. Chibodzwa chinoratidza kuti munhu anofarira mapaketi akanaka zvakadini [1]. Mutambo wemakadhi ane mapaketi mana weHelibrain ivhezheni yakavhurika ine marongerwo akafanana.

Ndeapi mapaketi akanaka?

Mumutambo wemakadhi ane mapaketi mana weHelibrain, mapaketi akanaka anoshandura nzvimbo pamutambo mumwe nomumwe, saka hapana mhinduro inogara yakafanana. Mapaketi akanaka anopa zvishoma pakadhi rimwe nerimwe (mapoinzi 50 panzvimbo pe100) asi anokurasisa zvishoma zvikuru, saka anokupa zvakanaka pamakadhi 10 ose. Chiratidziro chemhinduro chinokuudza kuti paketi imwe neimwe yaiva yerudzii.

Nei vanhu vakawanda vachiwana zvibodzwa zviri pasi pezero?

Mibayiro mikuru inokwezva, uye paketi ine kurasikirwa kukuru kusingawanzoitiki (sepaketi B) inoita seinobatsira nguva zhinji. Mumashoko akavhurika evanhu vakuru vane utano, paketi B ndiyo yainyanya kufarirwa uye vanhu vakawanda havana kumbosarudza mapaketi akanaka nguva dzose [2][3]. Chibodzwa chisina kunaka chinowanzoitika uye hachitauri chinhu nezveutano hwako.

Uyu ndiwo Muedzo weKubheja weIowa wepamutemo here?

Kwete. Muedzo weKubheja weIowa muedzo une rezinesi unotengeswa neakauubudisa. Mutambo wemakadhi ane mapaketi mana weHelibrain ivhezheni yedu ine marongerwo akafanana neakabudiswa: mibayiro nekurasikirwa kwakafanana pamakadhi 10, asi kurongeka kwemakadhi ndekwekwedu uye kunosanganiswa patsva pamutambo mumwe nomumwe [1]. Saka zvibodzwa zvawo zvakada kufanana nezvemuedzo une rezinesi, asi hazvina kunyatsofanana.

Mutambo wemakadhi weHelibrain ndewemahara zvechokwadi here?

Hongu. Mutambo wemakadhi ane mapaketi mana weHelibrain nemhinduro yako yakazara ndezvemahara: hapana kunyoresa, email kana kubhadhara. Helibrain inowana mari kubva kuapp yayo, ine chirongwa chemahara nezvinobhadharwa; haudi app yacho kuti utambe.

Miedzo ine chekuita neiyi

Ona miedzo yose 43 yemahara yeuropi

Unoda kudzidzira izvi zuva nezuva here? App yeHelibrain (parizvino iri muChirungu) ine chirongwa chemahara nezvirongwa zvinobhadharwa.

Kwakabva mashoko

  1. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1–3):7–15. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  2. Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Horstmann A, Neumann J, Wagenmakers E-J (2013). Performance of healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychological Assessment 25(1):180–193. doi.org/10.1037/a0029929
  3. Steingroever H, Fridberg DJ, Horstmann A, et al. (2015). Data from 617 healthy participants performing the Iowa Gambling Task: a "many labs" collaboration. Journal of Open Psychology Data 3:e5. doi.org/10.5334/jopd.ak (data: osf.io/8t7rm, CC BY 4.0; per-block numbers on this page are our own calculation from these data)

Magadzirirwo atakaita peji rino: rakanyorwa nechikwata cheHelibrain zvichibva pazvidzidzo zviri pamusoro, uye rakaongororwa naRobert(Chirungu) (ari kuita PhD yezvebiophysics) musi wa2026 Mbudzi 4. Tinorivandudza kana manyuko akachinja.