Umdlalo Wamakhadi Wezinqwaba Ezine

Izinqwaba ezine, imithetho efihlekile. Ezinye izinqwaba ziwina kakhulu kodwa zilahlekelwa nangaphezulu; ezinye ziwina kancane futhi zilahlekelwa kancane. Ungazihlukanisa? Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engu-5, kumahhala, akudingeki ubhalise.

Yithimba lakwa-HelibrainKubuyekezwe ngu-Robert(IsiNgisi), ofundela iziqu ze-PhD ku-biophysicsKushicilelwe Kubuyekezwe okokugcina ngo-

Indlela yokufunda umphumela wakho

  • Amaphuzu esamba: ukukhetha ezinqwabeni ezimbili ezinhle kukhishwe ukukhetha ezinqwabeni ezimbili ezimbi, kuzo zonke izinketho ezingu-100. Aqala ku-−100 afinyelele ku-+100; uma engaphezu kuka-0 kusho ukuthi ukhethe kakhulu izinqwaba ezizuzisayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lawa amaphuzu avamile oMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa [2].
  • Ijika lokufunda: amaphuzu afanayo eqoqweni ngalinye lezinketho ezingu-20. Amabha akhuphukayo abonisa ukuthi uye waqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinqwaba ezizuzisayo njengoba uqhubeka.
  • Ukuthi izinqwaba zazinjani: ngemva komdlalo, umphumela ubonisa ukuthi iyiphi inqwaba eyayinjani. Izindawo zazo esikrinini ziyashintshwa kuwo wonke umdlalo, ngakho leli khasi alikwazi ukukuvezela impendulo.
  • Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abadlali: uma okungenani abantu abangu-30 sebedlalile, umphumela ubonisa ukuthi wehlule abadlali abangamaphesenti amangaki.

Ayini amaphuzu amahle eMsebenzini Wokugembula Wase-Iowa?

Amaphuzu esamba angaphezu kuka-0 asho ukuthi ukhethe izinqwaba ezinhle kaningi kunezimbi. Abantu abadala abaningi abanempilo bathola amaphuzu aphansi kunalokho ongase ucabange: kubantu abadala abanempilo abangu-330 abavela ezifundweni ezingu-4 zalolu hlobo lomsebenzi, isilinganiso samaphuzu esamba ezinkethweni ezingu-100 sasingu-2.5, futhi cishe uhhafu waphetha engaphansi kuka-0 [2][3].

Amaqiniso asheshayo

  • Okukalwayo: ukwenza izinqumo lapho ungaqiniseki: ukufunda ngokuwina nokulahlekelwa ukuthi yiziphi izinqumo ezizuzisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyilapho imithetho ingachazwanga [1].
  • Umsuka wakho: U-Antoine Bechara nozakwabo base-University of Iowa bashicilela lo msebenzi ngo-1994. Abantu ababenokulimala engxenyeni ethile yengaphambili lobuchopho (i-ventromedial prefrontal cortex) babelokhu bekhetha izinqwaba ezimbi, kuyilapho abantu abaningi abanempilo befunda ukuzigwema [1].
  • Umgibe: izinqwaba ezinemiklomelo emikhulu nazo zinezilahleko ezinkulu. Izinqwaba ezilahlekelwa kuyaqabukela ziyathandwa ngisho noma zilahlekelisa imali: kubantu abadala abanempilo abangu-602 abasendaweni yedatha evulekile, inqwaba B (imivuzo emikhulu, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu okungavamile) yakhethwa kakhulu [2][3].
  • Ukufunda kuhamba kancane futhi kuyehluka: kuleyo datha, isilinganiso samaphuzu esamba sakhuphuka sisuka cishe ku-−3 ezinkethweni zokuqala ezingu-20 saya cishe ku-+4 kwezingu-20 zokugcina, futhi abantu babehluka kakhulu [3].
Igrafu yamabha ebonisa ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenqwaba lukhokha malini emakhadini angu-10. Izinqwaba u-A no-B ziwina amaphuzu angu-1,000 bese zilahlekelwa angu-1,250 (u-A ekulahlekelweni okuhlanu, u-B kokukodwa): isamba esingu-250 ngaphansi kweqanda. Izinqwaba u-C no-D ziwina angu-500 bese zilahlekelwa angu-250 (u-C ekulahlekelweni okuhlanu, u-D kokukodwa): isamba esingu-250 ngaphezu kweqanda.
Umfanekiso 1. Imiklomelo nokulahlekelwa emakhadini angu-10 ohlobo ngalunye lwenqwaba kulo mdlalo, isakhiwo somsebenzi ka-1994 [1]. Izinhlobo zishintshana ezindaweni ezine ezisesikrinini kuwo wonke umdlalo.

Indlela osebenza ngayo umdlalo

  1. Uqala ngamaphuzu angu-2,000 nezinqwaba ezine, ezinenombolo esukela ku-1 kuye ku-4.
  2. Khetha ikhadi kunoma iyiphi inqwaba. Ikhadi ngalinye likuwinisa amaphuzu; amanye amakhadi aphinde akuphucule amaphuzu. Ikhadi libonisa kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
  3. Qhubeka ukhetha. Umdlalo uphela ngemva kwenani elinqunyiwe lezinketho (100). Qeda unamaphuzu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Inqwaba ngayinye inamakhadi angu-40; inqwaba ephelelwa ngamakhadi ngeke iphinde ikhethwe, njengasemsebenzini wokuqala. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinqwaba ziwina amaphuzu angu-100 ekhadini ngalinye kodwa zilahlekelwa angu-1,250 kuwo wonke amakhadi angu-10; ezinye ezimbili ziwina angu-50 ekhadini ngalinye bese zilahlekelwa angu-250 kuwo wonke amakhadi angu-10 (Umfanekiso 1). Ukulahlekelwa kusatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe kuwo wonke amakhadi angu-10, futhi izindawo zezinqwaba ziyashintsha emdlalweni ngamunye.

Lena inguqulo yethu evulekile enesakhiwo esifanayo nesomsebenzi oshicilelwe, kodwa akuwona uMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa™ onelayisensi othengiswa ngumshicileli wawo. Amakhadi awo, ukulahlekelwa nokulandelana kwawo kungokwethu, futhi kukhiqizwa kabusha ekuqaleni komdlalo ngamunye.

Okuthinta amaphuzu akho

  • Ukuthi uhlola kangakanani. Ukuzama zonke izinqwaba kusenesikhathi kukusiza ufunde, kodwa ikhadi ngalinye elibi likulahlekisela amaphuzu.
  • Okuphawulayo. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu nokungavamile kulula ukukukhohlwa phakathi kwakho; yingakho abantu abaningi beqhubeka bebuyela kunqwaba B [2].
  • Ukucabanga kwesikhathi eside. Umsebenzi uklomelisa izinqwaba eziwinayo kumakhadi amaningi, hhayi ekhadini elilandelayo.
  • Ukuzijwayeza. Uma usuyazi indlela, umdlalo wesibili uba lula. Qhathanisa imidlalo yokuqala neminye yokuqala.

Lokho lo mdlalo ongakutshela nongakwazi ukukutshela

Amaphuzu akho esamba abonisa ukuthi usheshe kangakanani ukuthola izinqwaba ezingcono emdlalweni owodwa. Awasona isilinganiso sobuhlakani futhi awakwazi ukukutshela lutho ngempilo yobuchopho bakho: abantu abadala abanempilo bahluka kakhulu kulo msebenzi kangangokuthi ukuthola amaphuzu aphansi kuvamile [2][3]. Akusona isifo esixilongwayo.

Inguqulo yethu igcina isakhiwo esishicilelwe, kodwa amaphuzu awaqhathaniseki ngokuqinile nezifundo zaselabhorethri: izifundo zahluka endleleni ezazikhokhela ngayo abantu nasekulandelaneni ngqo kwamakhadi [3]. Izinombolo eziyizinkomba kuleli khasi zisuselwa ekubaleni kwethu ngedatha evulekile yabantu abadala abanempilo abangu-330 abadlala izinguqulo ezinesakhiwo esifana nesethu [3].

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Uyini uMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa?

UMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa ngumdlalo wamakhadi osetshenziselwa ukutadisha ukwenza izinqumo lapho ungaqiniseki, owashicilelwa nguBechara nozakwabo ngo-1994. Abadlali bakhetha amakhadi angu-100 ezinqwabeni ezine; izinqwaba ezimbili zinikeza imiklomelo emikhulu nokulahlekelwa okukhulu nakakhulu, kanti ezimbili zinikeza imiklomelo emincane nokulahlekelwa okuncane. Amaphuzu abonisa ukuthi umuntu uthambekele kangakanani ekukhetheni izinqwaba ezinhle [1]. Umdlalo wamakhadi kaHelibrain onezinqwaba ezine uyinguqulo evulekile enesakhiwo esifanayo.

Yiziphi izinqwaba ezinhle?

Emdlalweni wamakhadi kaHelibrain onezinqwaba ezine, izinqwaba ezinhle zishintsha izindawo kuwo wonke umdlalo, ngakho ayikho impendulo emisiwe. Izinqwaba ezinhle ziwina okuncane ekhadini ngalinye (amaphuzu angu-50 esikhundleni sika-100) kodwa zilahlekelwa okuncane kakhulu, ngakho ziba nenzuzo kuwo wonke amakhadi angu-10. Isikrini somphumela sikutshela ukuthi iyiphi inqwaba eyayinjani.

Kungani abantu abaningi bethola amaphuzu angaphansi kweqanda?

Imiklomelo emikhulu iyalinga, futhi inqwaba enokulahlekelwa okukhulu okungavamile (njengenqwaba B) ivame ukuzwakala iyinhle. Kudatha evulekile yabantu abadala abanempilo, inqwaba B yayithandwa kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi abazange bazinze ekukhetheni izinqwaba ezinhle [2][3]. Amaphuzu angemahle avamile futhi awasho lutho ngempilo yakho.

Ingabe lona uMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa wangempela?

Cha. UMsebenzi Wokugembula Wase-Iowa uwukuhlolwa okunelayisensi okuthengiswa ngumshicileli wako. Umdlalo wamakhadi kaHelibrain onezinqwaba ezine uyinguqulo yethu enesakhiwo esifanayo nesisohlelweni olushicilelwe: imiklomelo nokulahlekelwa okufanayo kuwo wonke amakhadi angu-10, kodwa amakhadi ethu alandelana ngendlela yethu futhi axutshwa kuwo wonke umdlalo [1]. Ngakho amaphuzu awo asondelene, kodwa awafani, namaphuzu okuhlolwa okunelayisensi.

Ingabe umdlalo wamakhadi kaHelibrain umahhala ngempela?

Yebo. Umdlalo wamakhadi kaHelibrain onezinqwaba ezine nomphumela wakho ophelele kumahhala: akukho kubhalisa, i-imeyili noma ukukhokha. UHelibrain uthola imali ngohlelo lwayo lokusebenza, olunezinhlelo zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo; awudingi lolo hlelo ukuze udlale.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene

Bona konke ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kwamahhala okungu-43

Ufuna ukusebenza kulokhu nsuku zonke? Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Helibrain (okwamanje lutholakala ngesiNgisi) lunohlelo lwamahhala kanye nezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo.

Imithombo

  1. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1–3):7–15. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  2. Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Horstmann A, Neumann J, Wagenmakers E-J (2013). Performance of healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychological Assessment 25(1):180–193. doi.org/10.1037/a0029929
  3. Steingroever H, Fridberg DJ, Horstmann A, et al. (2015). Data from 617 healthy participants performing the Iowa Gambling Task: a "many labs" collaboration. Journal of Open Psychology Data 3:e5. doi.org/10.5334/jopd.ak (data: osf.io/8t7rm, CC BY 4.0; izinombolo zeqoqo ngalinye kuleli khasi zibalwe yithi kusetshenziswa le datha)

Indlela esenze ngayo leli khasi: libhalwe yithimba lakwa-Helibrain kusetshenziswa izifundo ezibalwe ngenhla, futhi labuyekezwa u-Robert(IsiNgisi) (umfundi oqhubeka neziqu zobudokotela ku-biophysics) ngo-Novemba 4, 2026. Sibuyekeza lokhu lapho imithombo ishintsha.