Umukino w'amakarita y'udupaki tune

Udupakira tune, amategeko ahishwe. Utundi duhemba byinshi ariko tugatwara byinshi; utundi duhemba bike ariko tugatwara bike. Urabasha kutandukanya? Ni iminota nka 5, ku buntu, nta kwiyandikisha.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya HelibrainByasuzumwe na Robert(Icyongereza), umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzimaByasohotse ku wa Byasuzumwe bwa nyuma ku wa

Uko wasoma ibyavuye mu mukino

  • Amanota asigara: umubare w'amakarita watoranyije mu dupaki tubiri twiza ukuyemo uwo mu dupaki tubiri tubi, mu majonjora 100 yose. Amanota ashobora kuva kuri −100 kugeza kuri +100; arenga 0 bivuze ko wakunze udupakira twunguka uko igihe kigenda. Aya ni yo manota asanzwe akoreshwa mu Mukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa [2].
  • Uko kwiga kugenda: amanota nk'ayo abarwa kuri buri gice cy'amajonjora 20. Utubari tugenda twiyongera tugaragaza ko wamenye uko udupakira twunguka uko wakomezaga gukina.
  • Ibyari biri muri buri gapaki: umukino urangiye, ibisubizo bikwereka icyo buri gapaki cyari cyo. Ahantu hagaragara ku ikirangaminsi h'udupaki harahinduka kuri buri mukino, bityo uru rupapuro ntirushobora guhishura igisubizo mbere y'igihe.
  • Uko wagereranyije n'abandi bakinnyi: abantu nibamara gukina nibura 30, ibisubizo bizerekana ijanisha ry'abakinnyi watsinze.

Amanota meza mu Mukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa ni angahe?

Amanota asigara arenga 0 bivuze ko watoye udupakira twiza kenshi kurusha utubi. Abantu benshi bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza bagira amanota ari hasi kurusha uko wabitekereza: mu bantu bakuze 330 bafite ubuzima bwiza bitabiriye ubushakashatsi 4 bwakoresheje ubu buryo bw'umukino, impuzandengo y'amanota asigara mu majonjora 100 yari 2,5, kandi hafi kimwe cya kabiri barangije munsi ya 0 [2][3].

Iby'ingenzi mu magambo make

  • Icyo upima: gufata ibyemezo mu gihe utazi neza ibizaba: kwigira ku ntsinzi no ku gihombo kugira ngo umenye amahitamo azunguka mu gihe kirekire, mu gihe amategeko atigeze asobanurwa [1].
  • Aho waturutse: Antoine Bechara na bagenzi be bo muri Kaminuza ya Iowa bawushyize ahagaragara mu 1994. Abantu bafite igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko cyangiritse (agace ka ventromedial prefrontal cortex) bakomezaga gutoranya udupakira tubi, mu gihe abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza bigaga kutudatoranya [1].
  • Umutego: udupakira duhemba byinshi tunagira igihombo kinini. Udupakira tugira igihombo kidasanzwe dukundwa nubwo umuntu ahomba amafaranga: mu makuru afunguye y'abantu 602 bafite ubuzima bwiza, gapaki B (igihembo kinini, igihombo kinini ariko kidasanzwe) ni ko katoranyijwe cyane [2][3].
  • Kwiga bitinda kandi biratandukanye: muri ayo makuru, impuzandengo y'amanota asigara yazamutse iva kuri hafi −3 mu majonjora 20 ya mbere igera kuri hafi +4 mu majonjora 20 ya nyuma, kandi abantu baratandukanye cyane [3].
Igishushanyo cy'inkingi kigaragaza icyo buri gapaki cy'amakarita cyunguka kuri buri makarita 10. Udupakira A na B duhemba amanota 1,000 kandi tugahomba 1,250 (A mu bihombo bitanu, B mu gihombo kimwe): asigara ari ukuyemo 250. Udupakira C na D duhemba 500 kandi tugahomba 250 (C mu bihombo bitanu, D mu gihombo kimwe): asigara ari inyongera ya 250.
Igishushanyo cya 1. Ibyo umuntu atsinda n'ibyo ahomba kuri buri makarita 10 yo muri buri gapaki muri uyu mukino; uko umukino wo mu 1994 wubatse [1]. Udupakira tw'amoko atandukanye dushyirwa mu myanya ine igaragara kuri ecran ku buryo buhinduka kuri buri mukino.

Uko umukino ukinwa

  1. Utangira ufite amanota 2.000 n'udupaki tune turimo amakarita, twanditseho nimero kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 4.
  2. Toranya ikarita mu gapaki ako ari ko kose. Buri karita iguha amanota; zimwe zinakuraho amanota. Ikarita ikwereka byombi icyarimwe.
  3. Komeza gutoranya. Umukino urangira umaze gutoranya amakarita 100. Gerageza kurangiza ufite amanota menshi uko bishoboka.

Buri gapaki kirimo amakarita 40; iyo amakarita yo mu gapaki ashize, ntushobora kongera kugatoranyamo, nk'uko byari bimeze mu mukino wa mbere. Amoko abiri y'udupaki ahemba amanota 100 kuri buri karita ariko agahomba 1.250 kuri buri makarita 10; andi moko abiri ahemba 50 kuri buri karita kandi agahomba 250 kuri buri makarita 10 (Igishushanyo cya 1). Ahantu ibihombo biherereye harahinduka muri buri makarita 10, kandi imyanya y'udupaki ihinduka kuri buri mukino.

Ubu ni uburyo bwacu bwite kandi bufunguye, bufite imiterere imwe n'umukino watangajwe, ariko si Umukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa™ watangiwe uruhushya kandi ugurishwa n'abawushyize ahagaragara. Amakarita, ibihombo n'uko bikurikirana ni ibyacu, kandi bikorwa bundi bushya kuri buri mukino.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku manota yawe

  • Uko ugerageza udupakira dutandukanye. Kugerageza buri gapaki hakiri kare bigufasha kukiga, ariko buri karita mbi igutwara amanota.
  • Ibyo witaho. Biroroshye kwibagirwa ibihombo binini ariko bidakunze kubaho hagati yabyo; ni yo mpamvu abantu benshi bakomeza gusubira kuri gapaki B [2].
  • Gutekereza ku gihe kirekire. Umukino ugororera udupakira twunguka mu makarita menshi, aho kureba ikarita ikurikira gusa.
  • Imyitozo. Umaze kumenya ibanga, umukino wa kabiri uroroha. Gereranya imikino ya mbere n'indi mikino ya mbere.

Ibyo uyu mukino wakubwira n'ibyo utakwemeza

Amanota asigara akwereka uko wihutiye kubona udupakira twiza muri uyu mukino umwe. Ntabwo apima ubwenge kandi ntashobora kukubwira ikintu na kimwe ku buzima bw'ubwonko bwawe: abantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza baratandukana cyane muri uyu mukino ku buryo amanota make asanzwe aboneka [2][3]. Ntabwo ari isuzuma ry'indwara.

Uburyo bwacu bukurikiza imiterere y'umukino watangajwe, ariko amanota ntagereranywa mu buryo butaziguye n'ayo mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari: uburyo bwo guhemba abakinnyi n'uko amakarita akurikirana byari bitandukanye [3]. Imibare y'igereranya iri kuri uru rupapuro yavuye ku mibare twabaze dukoresheje amakuru afunguye y'abantu 330 bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza, bakinnye uburyo bufite imiterere nk'iyacu [3].

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Umukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa ni iki?

Umukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa ni umukino w'amakarita ukoreshwa mu kwiga uko abantu bafata ibyemezo mu gihe batazi neza ibizaba. Watangajwe na Bechara na bagenzi be mu 1994. Abakinnyi batoranya amakarita 100 mu dupaki tune; utudupaki tubiri duha ibihembo byinshi ariko tugateza ibihombo bikomeye kurushaho, naho utundi tubiri tugaha ibihembo bito n'ibihombo bito. Amanota agaragaza uko umuntu akunda udupakira twiza [1]. Umukino w'amakarita y'udupaki tune wa Helibrain ni uburyo bufunguye bufite imiterere imwe.

Udupakira twiza ni utuhe?

Mu mukino w'amakarita y'udupaki tune wa Helibrain, udupakira twiza buhinduranya imyanya kuri buri mukino, bityo nta gisubizo gihoraho. Udupakira twiza duhemba bike kuri buri karita (amanota 50 aho kuba 100) ariko tugahomba make cyane; bityo kuri buri makarita 10 usanga dusigaza inyungu. Idirishya ry'ibisubizo rikubwira icyo buri gapaki cyari cyo.

Kuki abantu benshi bagira amanota ari munsi ya zeru?

Ibihembo binini birakurura, kandi gapaki kigira ibihombo binini ariko bidakunze kubaho (nka gapaki B) akenshi gasa n'aho cyunguka. Mu makuru afunguye y'abantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza, gapaki B ni cyo cyakundwaga cyane, kandi abantu benshi ntibigeze bahitamo udupakira twiza [2][3]. Amanota ari munsi ya zeru arasanzwe kandi nta cyo avuga ku buzima bwawe.

Uyu ni wo Mukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa nyawo?

Oya. Umukino w'ibyemezo wa Iowa ni ikizamini gifite uruhushya kandi kigurishwa n'abawushyize ahagaragara. Umukino w'amakarita y'udupaki tune wa Helibrain ni uburyo bwacu bwite bufite imiterere yatangajwe: ibihembo n'ibihombo kuri buri makarita 10 birasa, ariko amakarita yacu akurikirana ukundi kandi ahinduranywa kuri buri mukino [1]. Bityo amanota yawo arasa n'ay'ikizamini cyatangiwe uruhushya, ariko si amwe.

Umukino w'amakarita wa Helibrain koko uratangirwa ubuntu?

Yego. Umukino w'amakarita y'udupaki tune wa Helibrain n'ibisubizo byawe byose biratangirwa ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, nta kwishyura. Helibrain yinjiza amafaranga muri porogaramu yayo, ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izishyurwa; ntukeneye porogaramu ngo ukine.

Ibindi bizamini bifitanye isano

Reba ibizamini byose 43 by'ubwonko by'ubuntu

Wifuza kubyitoza buri munsi? Porogaramu ya Helibrain (ubu iraboneka mu Cyongereza gusa) ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izindi zishyurwa.

Inkomoko

  1. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1–3):7–15. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  2. Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Horstmann A, Neumann J, Wagenmakers E-J (2013). Performance of healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychological Assessment 25(1):180–193. doi.org/10.1037/a0029929
  3. Steingroever H, Fridberg DJ, Horstmann A, et al. (2015). Data from 617 healthy participants performing the Iowa Gambling Task: a "many labs" collaboration. Journal of Open Psychology Data 3:e5. doi.org/10.5334/jopd.ak (amakuru: osf.io/8t7rm, CC BY 4.0; imibare ya buri gice iri kuri uru rupapuro ni iyo twibariye dukoresheje aya makuru)

Uko twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'itsinda rya Helibrain rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, rusuzumwa na Robert(Icyongereza) (umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzima) ku wa 2026 Ugushyingo 4. Turuvugurura iyo amasoko y'amakuru ahindutse.