Umukino wo gufata ibyago ukoresheje umupira

Buri gihe ubyimbye umupira ubona amanota, ariko ushobora guturika igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Uzagerageza amahirwe yawe kugeza he? Bifata nk’iminota 5, ni ubuntu kandi nta kwiyandikisha bisaba.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya HelibrainByasuzumwe na Robert(Icyongereza), umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzimaByasohotse ku wa Byasuzumwe bwa nyuma ku wa

Uko wasobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe

  • Ibyo ubyimbye umupira wakusanyije: impuzandengo y’inshuro wabyimbye imipira wakusanyijeho amanota. Imipira yaturitse ntibarwa, kuko guturika bihagarika kubara hakiri kare. Abashakashatsi babyita impuzandengo yahinduwe y’inshuro zo kubyimba; ni yo manota nyamukuru y’uyu mukino [1].
  • Uburyo ufata ibyago: izina ryoroshye twahaye ayo manota (Ubyitondera, Ushikamye, Udatinya cyangwa Uharanira ibyago bikabije). Risobanura uko wakinnye uyu mukino, si imiterere yawe.
  • Amanota wakusanyije n’imipira yaturitse: bigaragaza ikiguzi n’inyungu z’uburyo wakinnye. Uko ubyimba kenshi, imipira irushaho kuba minini kandi igaturika kenshi.
  • Ugereranyije n’abandi bakinnyi: nibura abantu 30 bamaze gukina, ibisubizo bigaragaza ijanisha ry’abakinnyi batabyimbye kenshi nkawe.

Ese ni byiza kubyimba kenshi cyangwa gake?

Iyo uhagarika imipira yose nyuma y’inshuro zingana zo kuyibyimba, kuyibyimba 64 byatanga amanota menshi kurusha ubundi, ugereranyije. Abantu benshi bahagarika mbere yaho: mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, abantu bakuru bakiri bato 86 bayibyimbye impuzandengo ya 29,4 ku mipira bakusanyijeho amanota [1]. Kuyibyimba gake biratekanye kurushaho, bityo nta gisubizo kimwe cy’ukuri; ni uguhitamo hagati y’inyungu n’ingaruka.

Igishushanyo cy’umurongo: impuzandengo y’amanota kuri buri mupira iyo uhagaritse buri gihe ku nshuro zimwe zo kuwubyimba. Umurongo uzamuka ukagera ku manota 160 ku nshuro 64 zo kubyimba, hanyuma ukamanuka ukagera kuri 0 ku nshuro 128. Impuzandengo yo muri laboratwari y’inshuro 29.4 itanga amanota hafi 113.
Igishushanyo cya 1. Impuzandengo y’amanota kuri buri mupira iyo buri gihe uwukusanyije nyuma y’inshuro zimwe zo kuwubyimba, buri nshuro itanga amanota 5, kandi umupira ushobora guturika hagati y’inshuro ya 1 n’iya 128. Umurongo ucagaguye ugaragaza impuzandengo y’abantu 86 bakiri bato bari mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere [1].

Amakuru y’ingenzi

  • Icyo gipima: gufata ibyago igihe buri ntambwe yiyongereye itanga inyungu nto ariko ishobora gutuma utakaza byose. Iki ni cyo Kizamini cyo Gufata Ibyago Ukoresheje Umupira (BART), cyasohotse bwa mbere mu 2002 [1].
  • Agaciro gasanzwe: mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, impuzandengo yahinduwe yari inshuro 29,4 zo kubyimba, kandi abantu baratandukanye ku rugero rwa 13 (ugutandukana kumwe gusanzwe). Ugereranyije, abagabo babyimbye kenshi kurusha abagore [1].
  • Guhora hafi y’amanota amwe uko igihe gihita: mu bantu bakuru 39 bakinnye kabiri, hagati y’iminsi 12, amanota yabo yari afitanye isano rya r = .77 [2].
  • Isano n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi: mu 2002, abantu babyimbye kenshi bavuze ko bakiniraga urusimbi, banywa itabi n’ibindi bikorwa bishobora guteza ibyago kenshi kurushaho [1]. Nyuma, isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi 22 bwakorewe ku bantu 2,120 ryasanze gusa isano nto n’ibibazo bipima gushaka ibyiyumvo bikomeye no kudatekereza mbere yo gukora [3].

Uko umukino ukinwa

  1. Byimba. Buri nshuro yo kubyimba yongerera umupira uri imbere yawe amanota 5. Umupira urakura.
  2. Kusanya igihe ubishakiye. Amanota y’umupira ajya ku manota yose ufite, maze hakaza undi mupira.
  3. Iyo ubanje guturika, amanota y’uwo mupira urayatakaza. Buri mupira uturika ku gihe kitandukanye kandi gihishwe.

Ukina imipira 30. Nk’uko byari bimeze mu kizamini cya mbere, buri mupira ushobora guturika hagati yo kuwubyimba bwa mbere no kuwubyimba ku nshuro ya 128; buri nshuro ishobora kubaho ku mahirwe angana, bityo impuzandengo y’inshuro zo guturika iba hagati [1].

Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwakoresheje imipira 90 y’amabara atatu, kandi bwatangaga amafaranga nyayo: amafaranga 5 kuri buri nshuro yo kubyimba. Manota nyamukuru yabarwaga hakoreshejwe imipira 30 yari ifite imipaka y’inshuro 128 zo kubyimba; iyo ni yo verisiyo ukina hano [1]. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje imipira iri hagati ya 10 na 90 [2]; mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, amanota y’imipira 10 ya mbere cyangwa 10 ya nyuma yatanze imyanzuro imwe [1].

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku manota yawe

  • Kwiga uko umukino umeze. Abantu benshi barushaho kubyimba kenshi uko umukino ukomeza, bamaze kubona intera imipira ishobora kugeraho [1].
  • Ibyo ushobora gutsindwa cyangwa kunguka. Mu mikino yo muri laboratwari hatangwaga amafaranga nyayo; uyu mukino ukoresha amanota, bityo ushobora guhitamo ibyago byinshi cyangwa ukabyitondera kurushaho ugereranyije no gukoresha amafaranga.
  • Kumenya imibare. Gusoma Igishushanyo cya 1 mbere yo gukina bizahindura amahitamo yawe. Banza ukine, hanyuma ugisome.

Ibyo uyu mukino ushobora kukubwira n’ibyo utabasha kukubwira

Uyu mukino werekana uko uyu munsi wageneye ibyago n’inyungu mu mipira 30. Si ikizamini cy’imiterere y’umuntu, kandi ntushobora kukubwira niba ufata ibyago mu bijyanye n’amafaranga, ubuzima cyangwa gutwara ibinyabiziga: isano iri hagati y’iki kizamini n’ingeso zo mu buzima busanzwe ni nto [3]. Nta kintu na kimwe uvuga ku buzima bwawe kandi ntusuzuma indwara.

Verisiyo yacu isa cyane n’iyasohotse mu bushakashatsi, ariko amanota ntagereranywa neza n’ayavuye muri laboratwari: bo batangaga amafaranga, bakoreshaga imipira itandukanye kandi bapimaga amatsinda mato y’abanyeshuri [1][2]. Gereranya amanota yawe n’ay’abandi bakinnyi hano, ndetse n’ayo uzabona mu mikino uzongera gukina.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Ikizamini cyo Gufata Ibyago Ukoresheje Umupira ni iki?

Ikizamini cyo Gufata Ibyago Ukoresheje Umupira (BART) ni umukino wa mudasobwa upima gufata ibyago, wasohowe na Lejuez na bagenzi be mu 2002. Buri nshuro yo kubyimba ituma umupira ubyimba kandi ukabona amafaranga make; kuyakusanya bituma uyabika, naho umupira guturika bikayatwara. Manota ni impuzandengo y’inshuro zo kubyimba ku mipira itaturitse [1].

Amanota meza mu mukino w’umupira ni ayahe?

Nta manota meza cyangwa mabi mu mukino w’umupira wa Helibrain. Kubyimba inshuro 64 kuri buri mupira bitanga amanota menshi kurusha ubundi ugereranyije, ariko bituma hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’imipira iturika. Mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, abantu bakuru bakiri bato babyimbye impuzandengo y’inshuro 29,4 ku mipira bakusanyijeho amanota [1].

Ese kubyimba kenshi bisobanura ko no mu buzima busanzwe nkunda gufata ibyago?

Si ngombwa. Mu bushakashatsi bwa mbere, abantu babyimbye kenshi bavuze ko bakiniraga urusimbi, banywa itabi n’inzoga ho gato kenshi kurushaho [1]. Ariko isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi 22 ryasanze gusa isano nto hagati y’iki kizamini n’ibibazo bipima gushaka ibyiyumvo bikomeye no kudatekereza mbere yo gukora [3]. Amanota yawe y’umupira asobanura uko wakinnye uyu mukino, si uko ubaho.

Kuki imipira yaturitse itabarwa mu mpuzandengo yanjye?

Iyo umupira uturika, guhagarika kubara bibaho hakiri kare, bityo ntibigaragaza intera wari ugambiriye kuwubyimbaho. Ni yo mpamvu amanota nyamukuru ya BART, impuzandengo yahinduwe, akoresha gusa imipira wakusanyijeho amanota. Umukino w’umupira wa Helibrain ukurikiza uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bwa mbere kuri iyi ngingo [1].

Ese umukino w’umupira wa Helibrain ni ubuntu koko?

Yego. Umukino w’umupira wa Helibrain n’ibisubizo byawe byose ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, nta kwishyura. Helibrain yinjiza amafaranga muri porogaramu yayo, ifite gahunda y’ubuntu n’izishyurwa; ntukeneye iyo porogaramu kugira ngo ukine.

Ibindi bizamini bifitanye isano

Reba ibizamini byose 43 by'ubwonko by'ubuntu

Wifuza kubyitoza buri munsi? Porogaramu ya Helibrain (ubu iraboneka mu Cyongereza gusa) ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izindi zishyurwa.

Aho amakuru yavuye

  1. Lejuez CW, Read JP, Kahler CW, Richards JB, Ramsey SE, Stuart GL, Strong DR, Brown RA (2002). Isuzuma ry’igipimo cy’imyitwarire mu gufata ibyago: Ikizamini cyo Gufata Ibyago Ukoresheje Umupira (BART). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 8(2):75–84. doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.8.2.75
  2. White TL, Lejuez CW, de Wit H (2008). Ibiranga ibisubizo bya BART iyo ikizamini gisubiwemo. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 16(6):565–570. doi.org/10.1037/a0014083 (inyandiko yuzuye iboneka ku buntu: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4244869/)
  3. Lauriola M, Panno A, Levin IP, Lejuez CW (2014). Itandukaniro hagati y’abantu mu gufata ibyemezo bishobora guteza ibyago: isesengura rusange ry’inyota yo gushaka ibyiyumvo bikomeye no kudatekereza mbere yo gukora hakoreshejwe BART. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 27(1):20–36. doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1784

Uko twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'itsinda rya Helibrain rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, rusuzumwa na Robert(Icyongereza) (umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzima) ku wa 2026 Ugushyingo 4. Turuvugurura iyo amasoko y'amakuru ahindutse.