Masewera a Makadi a Mitundu Inayi

Magulu anayi a makadi, malamulo obisika. Magulu ena amapereka phindu lalikulu komanso amataya zambiri; ena amapereka phindu lochepa komanso amataya zochepa. Kodi mungawasiyanitse? Pafupifupi mphindi 5, aulere, palibe kulembetsa.

Wolemba: gulu la HelibrainYawunikidwa ndi Robert(Chingelezi), wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysicsLofalitsidwa Linawunikidwanso komaliza pa

Mmene mungawerengere zotsatira zanu

  • Chiwerengero chonse: kuchuluka kwa zosankha za makadi ochokera m’magulu awiri abwino kuchotsera zosankha za m’magulu awiri oipa, pa zosankha zonse 100. Chimachokera pa −100 kufika pa +100; kupitirira 0 kumatanthauza kuti munakonda magulu opindulitsa pakapita nthawi. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama [2].
  • Mmene kuphunzirira kwanu kukuyendera: chiwerengero chomwecho pa gulu lililonse la zosankha 20. Mizati ikakwera, zimasonyeza kuti munazindikira pang’onopang’ono magulu opindulitsa pamene mumasewera.
  • Mtundu wa gulu lililonse: masewerawo akatha, zotsatira zimasonyeza mtundu wa gulu lililonse. Malo awo pa sikirini amasinthidwa pa masewera aliwonse, choncho tsambali silingakupatseni yankho pasadakhale.
  • Poyerekezera ndi osewera ena: anthu osachepera 30 akasewera, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa osewera omwe munawaposa.

Kodi pa Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama munthu ayenera kupeza chiwerengero chotani?

Chiwerengero chonse choposa 0 chimatanthauza kuti munasankha magulu abwino kawirikawiri kuposa oipa. Akuluakulu ambiri athanzi amapeza chiwerengero chotsika kuposa mmene mungaganizire: mwa akuluakulu athanzi 330 ochokera m’matailoti 4 a mayeso amtunduwu, chiwerengero chonse chapakati pa zosankha 100 chinali 2.5, ndipo pafupifupi theka linamaliza ndi chiwerengero chochepera 0 [2][3].

Mfundo zofunika

  • Zomwe amayesa: kupanga zosankha popanda kutsimikiza, kuphunzira kuchokera ku zopambana ndi zotayika kuti mudziwe zosankha zopindulitsa m’kupita kwa nthawi, pamene malamulo safotokozedwa [1].
  • Komwe zinachokera: Antoine Bechara ndi anzake a ku University of Iowa anafalitsa mayesowa mu 1994. Anthu amene mbali ina ya ubongo wakutsogolo (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) inawonongeka anapitiriza kusankha magulu oipa, pamene anthu ambiri athanzi anaphunzira kuwapewa [1].
  • Msampha wake: magulu opereka phindu lalikulu amakhala ndi zotayika zazikulu. Magulu amene amataya ndalama kawirikawiri amakondedwa ngakhale kuti pamapeto pake amataya ndalama: mwa akuluakulu athanzi 602 omwe anali m’gulu la deta lotseguka, gulu B (phindu lalikulu, zotayika zazikulu zosowa) linasankhidwa kwambiri [2][3].
  • Kuphunzira kumatenga nthawi ndipo anthu amasiyana: m’deta yomweyi, chiwerengero chonse chapakati chinakwera kuchokera pa pafupifupi −3 pa zosankha 20 zoyambirira kufika pa pafupifupi +4 pa zosankha 20 zomaliza, ndipo anthu anasiyana kwambiri [3].
Tchati cha mizati chosonyeza phindu la mtundu uliwonse wa gulu pa makadi 10. Magulu A ndi B amapereka mapointi 1,000 ndipo amatenga 1,250 (A pa zotayika zisanu, B pa chimodzi): chiwerengero chonse minus 250. Magulu C ndi D amapereka mapointi 500 ndipo amatenga 250 (C pa zotayika zisanu, D pa chimodzi): chiwerengero chonse plus 250.
Chithunzi 1. Zopambana ndi zotayika pa makadi 10 a mtundu uliwonse wa gulu mumasewerawa, motsatira dongosolo la mayeso a 1994 [1]. Mitundu ya magulu imasinthidwa pa malo anayi a sikirini pa masewera aliwonse.

Mmene masewerawa amagwirira ntchito

  1. Mumayamba ndi mapointi 2,000 ndi magulu anayi a makadi, olembedwa nambala 1 mpaka 4.
  2. Sankhani khadi m’gulu lililonse. Khadi lililonse limapereka mapointi; makadi ena amatenganso mapointi. Khadi limasonyeza zonsezi nthawi imodzi.
  3. Pitirizani kusankha. Masewerawa amatha mukasankha makadi chiwerengero chokhazikitsidwa (100). Yesetsani kumaliza ndi mapointi ambiri momwe mungathere.

Gulu lililonse lili ndi makadi 40; monga mmene zinalili pa mayeso oyambirira, gulu likatha makadi silingasankhidwenso. Mitundu iwiri ya magulu imapereka mapointi 100 pa khadi limodzi koma imatenga 1,250 pa makadi 10 aliwonse; mitundu iwiriyi imapereka mapointi 50 pa khadi limodzi ndipo imatenga 250 pa makadi 10 aliwonse (Chithunzi 1). Malo a zotayika amasinthidwa mkati mwa makadi 10 aliwonse, ndipo malo a magulu amasintha pa masewera aliwonse.

Uwu ndi mtundu wathu wotseguka womwe uli ndi dongosolo lofanana ndi mayeso amene anafalitsidwa, koma si Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama™ ovomerezeka omwe amagulitsidwa ndi ofalitsa ake. Makadi, zotayika ndi dongosolo lake ndi zathu, ndipo zimakonzedwanso mwatsopano pa masewera aliwonse.

Zomwe zimakhudza chiwerengero chanu

  • Kuchuluka kwa magulu amene mwayesa. Kuyesa gulu lililonse msanga kumakuthandizani kuphunzira, koma khadi lililonse loipa limachepetsa mapointi.
  • Zomwe mwaona. N’zosavuta kuiwala zotayika zazikulu koma zosowa pakati pa nthawi imene zikuchitika; pachifukwa chimenechi anthu ambiri amabwererabe ku gulu B [2].
  • Kuganizira za m’tsogolo. Mayesowa amapindulitsa magulu amene amapambana pa makadi ambiri, osati pa khadi lotsatira lokha.
  • Kuzolowera. Mukadziwa chinsinsi chake, masewera achiwiri amakhala osavuta. Yerekezani masewera oyamba ndi masewera ena oyamba.

Zomwe masewerawa angakuuzeni ndi zimene sangathe

Chiwerengero chanu chonse chimasonyeza mmene munazindikirira msanga magulu abwino pamasewera amodzi. Sichiyeza nzeru ndipo sichingakuuzeni kanthu za thanzi la ubongo wanu: anthu akuluakulu athanzi amasiyana kwambiri pa mayesowa moti kupeza chiwerengero chotsika n’kwachilendo [2][3]. Si matenda ozindikira.

Mtundu wathu uli ndi dongosolo lofanana ndi limene linafalitsidwa, koma ziwerengero siziyerekezedwa ndendende ndi za kafukufuku wa m’ma labotale: njira zolipirira anthu komanso dongosolo lenileni la makadi zinali zosiyana [3]. Ziwerengero zofananitsira patsambali zachokera pa kuwerengera kwathu pogwiritsa ntchito deta yotseguka ya akuluakulu athanzi 330 amene anasewera mitundu ya mayeso okhala ndi dongosolo lofanana ndi lathu [3].

Mafunso amene amafunsidwa kawirikawiri

Kodi Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama ndi chiyani?

Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama ndi masewera a makadi ophunzirira mmene anthu amasankhira zinthu popanda kutsimikiza, ndipo anafalitsidwa ndi Bechara ndi anzake mu 1994. Osewera amasankha makadi 100 kuchokera m’magulu anayi; magulu awiri amapereka phindu lalikulu komanso zotayika zazikulu, ndipo awiri amapereka phindu lochepa komanso zotayika zochepa. Chiwerengero chimasonyeza mmene munthu amakondera magulu abwino [1]. Masewera a makadi a mitundu inayi a Helibrain ndi mtundu wotseguka wokhala ndi dongosolo lomwelo.

Ndi magulu ati amene ali abwino?

M’masewera a makadi a mitundu inayi a Helibrain, magulu abwino amasinthana malo pa masewera aliwonse, choncho palibe yankho lokhazikika. Magulu abwino amapereka mapointi ochepa pa khadi lililonse (50 m’malo mwa 100) koma amatenga zochepa kwambiri, choncho amapindulitsa pa makadi 10 aliwonse. Tsamba la zotsatira limakuuzani mtundu wa gulu lililonse.

N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amapeza chiwerengero chochepera ziro?

Phindu lalikulu limakopa, ndipo gulu limene nthawi zambiri silitaya koma nthawi zina limataya kwambiri (monga gulu B) limamveka ngati labwino nthawi zambiri. M’deta yotseguka ya akuluakulu athanzi, gulu B linali lokondedwa kwambiri ndipo anthu ambiri sanasankhe magulu abwino nthawi zonse [2][3]. Chiwerengero chotsika n’chofala ndipo sichikunena kanthu za thanzi lanu.

Kodi awa ndi Mayeso enieni a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama?

Ayi. Mayeso a Iowa Osankhira Ndalama ndi mayeso ovomerezeka amene amagulitsidwa ndi ofalitsa ake. Masewera a makadi a mitundu inayi a Helibrain ndi mtundu wathu womwe uli ndi dongosolo lofanana ndi limene linafalitsidwa: zopambana ndi zotayika zofanana pa makadi 10, koma dongosolo la makadi ndi lathu ndipo limasinthidwa pa masewera aliwonse [1]. Choncho ziwerengero zake n’zofanana kwambiri ndi za mayeso ovomerezeka, koma sizofanana ndendende.

Kodi masewera a makadi a Helibrain ndi aulere ndithu?

Inde. Masewera a makadi a mitundu inayi a Helibrain ndi zotsatira zanu zonse ndi zaulere: palibe kulembetsa, imelo kapena kulipira. Helibrain imapeza ndalama kuchokera ku pulogalamu yake, yomwe ili ndi pulani yaulere ndi mapulani olipira; simufunika pulogalamuyi kuti musewere.

Mayeso ena okhudzana nawo

Onani mayeso onse a ubongo aulere okwana 43

Mukufuna kuchita zimenezi tsiku ndi tsiku? Pulogalamu ya Helibrain (yomwe ilipo m’Chingelezi pakadali pano) ili ndi dongosolo laulere komanso madongosolo olipira.

Magwero

  1. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1–3):7–15. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  2. Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Horstmann A, Neumann J, Wagenmakers E-J (2013). Performance of healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychological Assessment 25(1):180–193. doi.org/10.1037/a0029929
  3. Steingroever H, Fridberg DJ, Horstmann A, et al. (2015). Data from 617 healthy participants performing the Iowa Gambling Task: a "many labs" collaboration. Journal of Open Psychology Data 3:e5. doi.org/10.5334/jopd.ak (data: osf.io/8t7rm, CC BY 4.0; ziwerengero za gulu lililonse patsambali ndi kuwerengera kwathu kuchokera m’detayi)

Mmene tinakonzekerera tsambali: gulu la Helibrain linalilemba potengera maphunziro amene alembedwa pamwambapa, ndipo Robert(Chingelezi) (wophunzira wa digiri ya udokotala pa sayansi ya biophysics) analiyang’ananso pa November 4, 2026. Timalisintha magwero akasintha.