Umdlalo Wamakhadi Weemfumba Ezine

Iimfumba ezine, imithetho efihliweyo. Ezinye zikunika impumelelo enkulu kodwa zikulahlekisele nangakumbi; ezinye zikunika kancinci kodwa zikulahlekisele kancinci. Ungazahlula? Uthatha malunga nemizuzu emi-5, usimahla, akufuneki ubhalise.

Ibhalwe liqela leHelibrainIhlolwe nguRobert(IsiNgesi), umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysicsIpapashwe ngomhla we-Ihlolwe okokugqibela ngomhla we-

Indlela yokufunda iziphumo zakho

  • Amanqaku omnatha: inani lokukhetha kwiimfumba ezimbini ezilungileyo kuthatyathwe inani lokukhetha kwiimfumba ezimbini ezimbi, kuzo zonke izihlandlo 100 ozikhethileyo. Amanqaku asuka ku−100 aye ku+100; angaphezu kuka-0 athetha ukuba ukhethe kakhulu iimfumba ezizisa inzuzo ekuhambeni kwexesha. La ngamanqaku aqhelekileyo oMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa [2].
  • Indlela yokufunda: amanqaku afanayo kwiqela ngalinye lezihlandlo 20 zokukhetha. Imivalo enyukayo ithetha ukuba uye waqonda ukuba zeziphi iimfumba ezizisa inzuzo njengoko uqhubeka.
  • Ukuba bezinjani iimfumba: emva komdlalo, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iimfumba bezinjani. Iindawo zazo kwisikrini ziyaxutywa kumdlalo ngamnye, ngoko eli phepha alinakukuxelela impendulo kwangaphambili.
  • Xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abadlali: xa sele kudlale abantu abayi-30 ubuncinane, iziphumo zibonisa isabelo sabadlali obagqithileyo.

Ngawaphi amanqaku amahle kuMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa?

Amanqaku omnatha angaphezu kuka-0 athetha ukuba ukhethe iimfumba ezilungileyo kaninzi kunezimbi. Abantu abadala abaninzi abasempilweni bafumana amanqaku aphantsi kunokuba unokucinga: kubantu abadala abasempilweni abayi-330 abathathe inxaxheba kwizifundo 4 zale nguqulelo yomsebenzi, amanqaku omnatha aphakathi emva kokukhetha izihlandlo eziyi-100 ayengu-2.5, yaye malunga nesiqingatha saphela singaphantsi kuka-0 [2][3].

Iinkcukacha ezikhawulezayo

  • Into elinganiswayo: ukwenza izigqibo xa ungaqinisekanga: ukufunda kwimpumelelo nasekulahlekelweni ukuba zeziphi izinto ezikhethwayo ezizisa inzuzo ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa imithetho ingachazwanga [1].
  • Imvelaphi yawo: U-Antoine Bechara noogxa bakhe kwiYunivesithi yase-Iowa bawupapasha ngo-1994. Abantu ababenomonakalo kwinxalenye yangaphambili yobuchopho (i-ventromedial prefrontal cortex) baqhubeka bekhetha iimfumba ezimbi, ngoxa abantu abaninzi abasempilweni bafunda ukuziphepha [1].
  • Umgibe: iimfumba ezineempumelelo ezinkulu zikwanelahleko ezinkulu. Iimfumba ezinqabileyo ukuba nelahleko zithandwa naxa ziphulukisa ngemali: kubantu abadala abasempilweni abayi-602 abakwiqoqo ledatha evulekileyo, imfumba B (iimpumelelo ezinkulu, ilahleko ezinkulu ezinqabileyo) yakhethwa kakhulu [2][3].
  • Ukufunda kuthatha ixesha kwaye kwahlukile kubantu: kwakwelo datha, amanqaku omnatha aphakathi anyuka ukusuka malunga no−3 kwizihlandlo zokuqala eziyi-20 ukuya malunga no+4 kwezokugqibela eziyi-20, yaye abantu bahluka kakhulu [3].
Itshathi yeebhari ebonisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwemfumba luzisa ntoni kumakhadi ali-10. Iimfumba A no-B zizisa amanqaku ayi-1,000 zize zithabathe ayi-1,250 (u-A kwiilahleko ezintlanu, u-B kwilahleko enye): umnatha ngu-minus 250. Iimfumba C no-D zizisa ayi-500 zize zithabathe ayi-250 (u-C kwiilahleko ezintlanu, u-D kwilahleko enye): umnatha ngu-plus 250.
Umfanekiso 1. Iimpumelelo nelahleko kumakhadi ali-10 ohlobo ngalunye lwemfumba kulo mdlalo, ngokwesakhiwo somsebenzi ka-1994 [1]. Iindidi zemfumba zitshintshwa ngokungakhethiyo phakathi kweendawo ezine ezikwisikrini kumdlalo ngamnye.

Indlela osebenza ngayo umdlalo

  1. Uqala ngamanqaku ayi-2 000 neemfumba ezine, ezinenombolo ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4.
  2. Khetha ikhadi kuyo nayiphi na imfumba. Ikhadi ngalinye likuzisela amanqaku; amanye amakhadi aphinde athabathe amanqaku. Ikhadi libonisa zombini ngaxeshanye.
  3. Qhubeka ukhetha. Umdlalo uphela emva kwenani elimiselweyo lokukhetha (100). Zama ukugqiba unamanqaku amaninzi kangangoko.

Imfumba nganye inamakhadi ayi-40; xa imfumba iphela, akunakuphinda ukhethe kuyo, njengakumsebenzi wantlandlolo. Iindidi ezimbini zeemfumba zizisa amanqaku ayi-100 kwikhadi ngalinye kodwa zithabathe ayi-1 250 kumakhadi 10; ezinye ezimbini zizisa ayi-50 kwikhadi ngalinye zize zithabathe ayi-250 kumakhadi 10 (Umfanekiso 1). Iilahleko zixutywa kumakhadi onke 10, yaye iindawo zeemfumba ziyatshintsha kumdlalo ngamnye.

Le yinguqulelo yethu evulekileyo enesakhiwo esifana nesomsebenzi opapashiweyo, asinguwo uMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa™ onelayisensi othengiswa ngumpapashi wawo. Amakhadi ayo, iilahleko nolandelelwano zezethu, yaye zilungiselelwa ngokutsha kumdlalo ngamnye.

Izinto ezichaphazela amanqaku akho

  • Ukuba uphonononga kangakanani. Ukuzama zonke iimfumba kwangethuba kuyanceda ekufundeni, kodwa ikhadi ngalinye elibi likulahlekisela ngamanqaku.
  • Izinto oziqaphelayo. Kulula ukulibala ilahleko enkulu enqabileyo phakathi kwezinye izihlandlo; ngenxa yoko abantu abaninzi baqhubeka bebuyela kwimfumba B [2].
  • Ukucinga ngexesha elide. Umsebenzi uvuna iimfumba ezizisa inzuzo kumakhadi amaninzi, kunokuba ujonge ikhadi elilandelayo kuphela.
  • Ukuziqhelanisa. Wakuba uyazi indlela osebenza ngayo umdlalo, umdlalo wesibini uba lula. Thelekisa imidlalo yokuqala neminye imidlalo yokuqala.

Into onokuyifunda nengongenakuyifunda kulo mdlalo

Amanqaku akho omnatha abonisa ukuba ufumene ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iimfumba ezingcono kumdlalo omnye. Awalinganisi ubukrelekrele yaye akanakukuxelela nto ngempilo yobuchopho bakho: abantu abadala abasempilweni bahluka kakhulu kulo msebenzi kangangokuba amanqaku aphantsi aqhelekile [2][3]. Asisosifo esifunyaniswayo.

Inguqulelo yethu igcina isakhiwo esipapashiweyo, kodwa amanqaku ayo akanakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo nawamaphononongo aselebhu: ayesebenzisa iindlela ezahlukileyo zokuhlawula abantu, yaye nolandelelwano oluchanekileyo lwamakhadi lwalwahlukile [3]. Amanani esalathiso akweli phepha aphuma kubalo lwethu sisebenzisa idatha evulekileyo yabantu abadala abasempilweni abayi-330 abathathe inxaxheba kwiinguqulelo ezinesakhiwo esifana nesethu [3].

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Yintoni uMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa?

UMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa ngumdlalo wamakhadi osetyenziselwa ukufunda izigqibo ezenziwa xa ungaqinisekanga, owapapashwa nguBechara noogxa bakhe ngo-1994. Abadlali bakhetha amakhadi ayi-100 kwiimfumba ezine; iimfumba ezimbini zizisa iimpumelelo ezinkulu nelahleko ezinkulu nangakumbi, kanti ezimbini zizisa iimpumelelo ezincinci nelahleko ezincinci. Amanqaku abonisa ukuba umntu uthanda kangakanani iimfumba ezilungileyo [1]. Umdlalo kaHelibrain wamakhadi oneemfumba ezine yinguqulelo evulekileyo enesakhiwo esifanayo.

Zeziphi iimfumba ezilungileyo?

Kumdlalo kaHelibrain wamakhadi oneemfumba ezine, iimfumba ezilungileyo zitshintsha indawo kumdlalo ngamnye, ngoko akukho mpendulo ihlala ifana. Iimfumba ezilungileyo zizisa amanqaku ambalwa kwikhadi ngalinye (50 endaweni ka-100}), kodwa zithabatha imali encinane kakhulu, ngoko ekugqibeleni ziphumela kwinzuzo emva kwamakhadi onke 10. Isikrini seziphumo sikuxelela ukuba yeyiphi ebiyiyiphi imfumba.

Kutheni abantu abaninzi befumana amanqaku angaphantsi kuka-zero?

Iimpumelelo ezinkulu ziyahenda, yaye imfumba enelahleko ezinkulu ezinqabileyo (njengemfumba B) idla ngokubonakala ilungile. Kwiidatha ezivulekileyo zabantu abadala abasempilweni, imfumba B yayiyeyona ithandwayo, yaye abantu abaninzi abazange bakhethe ngokuthe gqolo iimfumba ezilungileyo [2][3]. Amanqaku angaphantsi kuka-zero aqhelekile yaye akathethi nto ngempilo yakho.

Ngaba lo nguMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa wokwenene?

Hayi. UMsebenzi Wokungcakaza wase-Iowa luvavanyo olunelayisensi oluthengiswa ngumpapashi walo. Umdlalo kaHelibrain wamakhadi oneemfumba ezine yinguqulelo yethu enesakhiwo esifanayo nesipapashiweyo: iimpumelelo nelahleko ezifanayo kumakhadi ali-10, kodwa ulandelelwano lwamakhadi lolwethu yaye luyaxutywa kumdlalo ngamnye [1]. Ngoko amanqaku awo ayafana ngokusondeleyo, kodwa awalingani nawamavavanyo anelayisensi.

Ngaba umdlalo wamakhadi kaHelibrain usimahla ngokwenene?

Ewe. Umdlalo kaHelibrain wamakhadi oneemfumba ezine nazo zonke iziphumo zakho kusimahla: akukho kubhalisa, akukho imeyile, akukho ntlawulo. UHelibrain ufumana ingeniso nge-app yayo, enesicwangciso sasimahla kunye nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo; awudingi app ukuze udlale.

Iimvavanyo ezinxulumene noku

Bona zonke iimvavanyo zengqondo zasimahla eziyi-43

Ufuna ukusebenza koku yonke imihla? I-app yeHelibrain (okwangoku ifumaneka ngesiNgesi) inesicwangciso sasimahla kunye nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo.

Imithombo

  1. Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50(1–3):7–15. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  2. Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Horstmann A, Neumann J, Wagenmakers E-J (2013). Performance of healthy participants on the Iowa Gambling Task. Psychological Assessment 25(1):180–193. doi.org/10.1037/a0029929
  3. Steingroever H, Fridberg DJ, Horstmann A, et al. (2015). Data from 617 healthy participants performing the Iowa Gambling Task: a "many labs" collaboration. Journal of Open Psychology Data 3:e5. doi.org/10.5334/jopd.ak (data: osf.io/8t7rm, CC BY 4.0; amanani eqela ngalinye akweli phepha lubalo lwethu olwenziwe ngale datha)

Indlela esenze ngayo eli phepha: libhalwe liqela leHelibrain ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezidweliswe ngasentla, laza lahlolwa nguRobert(IsiNgesi) (umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysics) ngomhla we-Novemba 4, 2026. Siyalihlaziya xa imithombo itshintsha.