Uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi: Umbala okanye imilo?

Isangqa okanye isikwere esiluhlaza okanye esiorenji, nomyalelo othi UMBALA okanye IMILO. Phendula ngokomyalelo, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko, njengoko utshintsha. Malunga nemizuzu eyi-4, simahla, akukho kubhalisa.

Ibhalwe liqela leHelibrainIhlolwe nguRobert(IsiNgesi), umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysicsIpapashwe ngomhla we-Ihlolwe okokugqibela ngomhla we-

Indlela yokufunda iziphumo zakho

Amanqaku akho okutshintsha linani leempendulo ezichanekileyo ngomzuzu wexesha lokuphendula kumjikelo oxubeneyo, apho umyalelo utshintsha ungalindelanga. Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kuyawanyusa, kanti iimpazamo ziyawathoba, ngoko avuza isantya nokuchaneka kunye. Sikwabonisa neendleko zokutshintsha: ixesha olithathileyo elongezelekileyo kanye emva kokutshintsha komyalelo. Ezi ndleko zibonakala phantse kuye wonke umntu, kodwa ziyahluka kakhulu kolunye uvavanyo ukuya kolulandelayo [1][4].

  • Amanqaku okutshintsha: iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ngomzuzu kumjikelo oxubeneyo (amanqaku abizwa ngokuba “ngumlinganiselo weempendulo ezichanekileyo”, indlela yokudibanisa isantya nokuchaneka kwinani elinye [5]).
  • Ezichanekileyo kumjikelo oxubeneyo: isabelo seemilo zomjikelo oxubeneyo oziphendule ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-3.
  • Iindleko zokutshintsha: ixesha lakho eliphakathi kwiimvavanyo apho umsebenzi utshintshileyo, kuthatyathwe elo kwiimvavanyo apho ungatshintshanga (kubalwa kuphela iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ezilandela impendulo echanekileyo).
  • Amanqaku omsebenzi omnye: iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ngomzuzu kwimijikelo enomsebenzi omnye kuphela. Umahluko phakathi kwala manqaku nawakho okutshintsha ubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa imisebenzi kukubiza malini.

Iinkcukacha ezimfutshane

  • Into eliyilinganisayo: ukutshintsha imisebenzi, okukwabizwa ngokuba kukutshintsha ingqwalasela: ukususa ingqwalasela yakho phakathi kweeseti ezimbini zemithetho. Ngolunye lwezakhono ezintathu eziphambili zokulawula ingqondo kuphononongo oludumileyo lwabafundi abayi-137, kunye nokuhlaziya inkumbulo yokusebenza nokuthintela iimpendulo [3].
  • Wonke umntu uba neendleko zokutshintsha: abantu bayacotha baze benze iimpazamo ezininzi kanye emva kotshintsho, nokuba bayazi ukuba luyeza yaye banexesha lokuzilungiselela [1][2].
  • Amanqaku omahluko awazinzanga: amanqaku abalwe ngomahluko phakathi kweemeko ezimbini, njengeendleko zokutshintsha, awathembekanga kangako imihla ngemihla kunamanqaku esantya nokuchaneka ngokwawo [4]. Yiyo loo nto apha inani eliphambili ingamanqaku okutshintsha, hayi iindleko zokutshintsha.

Indlela osebenza ngayo umdlalo

  1. Iqhosha ngalinye limela umbala omnye nemilo enye: ekhohlo = luhlaza nesangqa, ekunene = orenji nesikwere (amaqhosha F no-J, okanye amaqhosha otolo).
  2. Kuqala kuvela umyalelo othi UMBALA okanye IMILO, kuze emva kwemizuzwana eyi-0.6 kuvele imilo. Phendula ngophawu oluchazwe ngumyalelo. Unemizuzwana eyi-3 ngemilo nganye.
  3. Kukho imijikelo emithathu: umbala kuphela, imilo kuphela, kuze kulandele odibeneyo; iimilo eziyi-72 xa zizonke, eziyi-48 kuzo zikumjikelo odibeneyo, apho umsebenzi utshintsha malunga ne-50% yeemilo. Kuqala kukho imijikelo emifutshane yokuziqhelanisa enengxelo yeziphumo; ungayitsiba.

Iimpendulo ezikhawuleza kune-150 ms zithathwa njengezingalunganga (ukhawuleze kakhulu ukuba ubone imilo). Impendulo engalunganga iboniswa ngokudanyaza okufutshane okubomvu. Umdlalo ubalwa ngexesha, ngoko ukuphuma kwiphepha kuyawuphelisa.

Izinto ezichaphazela amanqaku akho

  • Isixhobo. Ukucofa isikrini sefowuni nokucofa amaqhosha kuthatha amaxesha angafaniyo; thelekisa uvavanyo kwisixhobo nakwindlela yokufaka iimpendulo efanayo.
  • Ukuziqhelanisa. Abantu bayakhawuleza kwimijikelo yokuqala embalwa njengoko beqhela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba iqhosha ngalinye limele ntoni. Thelekisa nezakho iimvavanyo xa amanqaku akho sele ezinzile.
  • Ukudinwa, ukungalali ngokwaneleyo nokuphazamiseka kunciphisa isantya somntu wonke.
  • Icebo. Ukungxama kwandisa isantya kodwa kuzisa iimpazamo; amanqaku okutshintsha abala zombini.

Into onokuyifunda nongenakuyifunda kulo mdlalo

Umdlalo ubonisa ukuba utshintshe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kangakanani phakathi kwemithetho emibini elula namhlanje, xa kuthelekiswa nolunye uvavanyo lwakho. Awuxilongi nasiphi na isifo, awutsho nto ngokuphazamiseka kwengqwalasela, yaye awulinganisi “ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye” kubomi bemihla ngemihla, apho ukutshintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi yokwenene kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ngakumbi. Iindleko zokutshintsha ngokukodwa azizinzanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba uvavanyo olunye lutsho lukhulu ngawe [4].

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Yintoni uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi?

Kuvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi, abantu benza imisebenzi emibini elula—apha kukuchonga umbala okanye imilo—yaye umyalelo ubaxelela ukuba benze owuphi. Abaphandi bathelekisa iimvavanyo apho umsebenzi utshintsha nezovavanyo apho uphindwa khona; ixesha elongezelekileyo xa utshintsha libizwa ngokuba ziindleko zokutshintsha [1][2]. Uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi lweHelibrain luguqulelo olufutshane lolu yilo lwakudala lombala nemilo.

Athini amanqaku amahle okutshintsha imisebenzi?

Uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi lweHelibrain lubonisa iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ngomzuzu kumjikelo oxubeneyo. Akukho manqaku aqhelekileyo apapashiweyo ale nguqulelo kanye, ngoko eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuthelekisa amanqaku akho kwisixhobo esinye kwiimvavanyo ezininzi. Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kuyawanyusa omabini amanqaku.

Kutheni ndicotha kanye emva kokutshintsha komyalelo?

Ukutshintshela komnye umthetho kufuna umzuzwana wokulungisa indlela yokucinga, yaye inxalenye yelo xesha longezelekileyo isekhona nokuba uyazi ukuba utshintsho luyeza yaye unexesha lokuzilungiselela [1][2]. Phantse wonke umntu uyakubonisa oku.

Ngaba olu luvavanyo lokwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye?

Akunjalo ncam. Ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye kuthetha ukwenza izinto ezimbini ngexesha elinye; lo mdlalo ulinganisa ukutshintshana phakathi kwemithetho emibini. Ngumsebenzi waselabhoratri osetyenziswa ngabaphandi ukufunda olo tshintshano [2].

Ngaba uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi lweHelibrain lusimahla?

Ewe. Umdlalo nazo zonke iziphumo zakho zisimahla: akukho kubhalisa, akukho imeyile, akukho ntlawulo. IHelibrain ifumana ingeniso nge-app yayo, enesicwangciso sasimahla nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo; awudingi app ukuze udlale lo mdlalo.

Iimvavanyo ezinxulumene noku

Bona zonke iimvavanyo zengqondo zasimahla eziyi-43

Ufuna ukusebenza koku yonke imihla? I-app yeHelibrain (okwangoku ifumaneka ngesiNgesi) inesicwangciso sasimahla kunye nezicwangciso ezihlawulelwayo.

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo

Imithombo

  1. Rogers RD, Monsell S (1995). Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 124(2):207–231. doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207
  2. Monsell S (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7(3):134–140. doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00028-7
  3. Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 41(1):49–100. doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
  4. Hedge C, Powell G, Sumner P (2018). The reliability paradox: why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences. Behavior Research Methods 50(3):1166–1186. doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0935-1
  5. Woltz DJ, Was CA (2006). Availability of related long-term memory during and after attention focus in working memory. Memory & Cognition 34(3):668–684. doi.org/10.3758/BF03193587

Indlela esenze ngayo eli phepha: libhalwe liqela leHelibrain ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ezidweliswe ngasentla, laza lahlolwa nguRobert(IsiNgesi) (umfundi ofundela isidanga sePhD kwi-biophysics) ngomhla we-Novemba 4, 2026. Siyalihlaziya xa imithombo itshintsha.