Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Isiphumo | Into elinganiswayo | Isizathu somahluko |
|---|---|---|
| Ixesha de kubuyelwe emsebenzini | Libandakanya eminye imisebenzi nezigqibo ezenziwayo | Asililo ixesha eliqhubekayo umntu angakwaziyo ukugxila ngalo |
| Ukulibaziseka kokuqalisa kwakhona | Ixesha lokuqalisa kwakhona emva kokuphela kokuphazanyiswa | Kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi nakwinkumbulo yeenjongo |
| Intsalela yengqwalasela | Intsalela evela kumsebenzi odlulileyo | Inokuchaphazela indlela umntu aqhuba ngayo ngaphandle kwexesha elimiselweyo |
Uphononongo lwasemsebenzini luphonononga indlela umsebenzi ohlelwe ngayo, aluphononongi indlela wonke umzimba obuyela ngayo kwimeko yawo ngexesha elinye elimiselweyo. Umntu usenokwenza eminye imisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba abuyele kulowo uphazanyisiweyo. Ukutolika elo xesha lidlulileyo njengexesha eliqhubekayo lokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo kutshintsha into eyalinganiswayo. Mark et al., 2005
Luthini uphando lwaselabhoratri ngokuqalisa kwakhona umsebenzi?
UTrafton noogxa bakhe bathelekisa ukuphazanyiswa okwenzeka ngoko nangoko nemeko eyayinesilumkiso, esasinika imizuzwana esibhozo ngaphambi kokuba ukuphazanyiswa kuqale. Abathathi-nxaxheba abanikwa isilumkiso bazilungiselela ngakumbi baza baqalisa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubonisa indima yokuzilungiselela kwangaphambili nokukhumbula injongo yokuqala, akubonisi xesha linye lokuchacha elisebenza kuzo zonke iimeko. Trafton et al., 2003
Imodeli ka-Altmann noTrafton ichaza indlela ukuvuselelwa nokukhumbula injongo okunokuchaphazela ngayo ukuqalisa kwakhona. Uvavanyo lukaLeroy luphonononga intsalela yengqwalasela xa abantu beshiya umsebenzi ongekagqitywa betshintshela komnye. Ezi nkcazelo zijongana neenkqubo ezinxulumeneyo kodwa ezahlukileyo, ngoko imilinganiselo yazo ayifanele idityaniswe ibe luqikelelo olunye lwemizuzu olusebenza kuzo zonke iimeko. Altmann et al., 2002 Leroy, 2009
Ngaba abantu banokuhlawulela ukuphazanyiswa?
Kuvavanyo lukaMark noogxa bakhe, abantu abaphazanyiswayo bagqiba imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokwahluka komgangatho, kodwa baxela uxinzelelo olungakumbi, ukudana, ukuziva becinezelwe lixesha nomgudu ongakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza akuzange kubonise ukuba ukuphazanyiswa akunabungozi. Lo ngomnye umzekelo wokuba kutheni umlinganiselo omnye wemveliso ungaphelelanga. Mark et al., 2008
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ngaba zonke iikhefu ziyafana nokuphazanyiswa?
Hayi. Ikhefu elicwangcisiweyo lokuphumla nesicelo esingalindelekanga sokwenza omnye umsebenzi zinokuba neenjongo neemfuno ezahlukileyo. Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ngeekhefu ezimfutshane lufumanisa iingenelo ezincinci kumandla nasekunciphiseni ukudinwa, kodwa aluqinisekanga ngesiphumo esiqhelekileyo kwindlela umntu aqhuba ngayo. Alubonisi ukuba konke ukuphazanyiswa kuyaphumza okanye ukuba ikhefu ngalinye libangela iindleko ezifanayo zokutshintsha umsebenzi. Albulescu et al., 2022
Ukukwazi ukunikela ingqalelo ixesha elide nako kuyaguquguquka. Uphando ngolu tshintsho aluchazi ukuba umntu ugxile ngokupheleleyo okanye akafumaneki kwaphela kangangexesha elinye elimiselweyo. Owona msebenzi nendlela yokulinganisa iziphumo zisabalulekile. Esterman et al., 2013
Yintoni onokuyitshintsha ngokwenene?
Xa imeko ikuvumela, ukugcina isikhumbuzo esicacileyo ngenyathelo elilandelayo kuyahambelana nophando lokuqalisa kwakhona. Inkxaso ethile yovavanyo inxulumene nokuzilungiselela ngexesha lokuphazanyiswa; ayiqinisekisi ukuba ukubhala inqaku elinye kususa zonke iindleko zokutshintsha umsebenzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kufanele singayibaxi le nto inokuthelekelelwa. Trafton et al., 2003 Altmann et al., 2002
Xa uzijongile, yahlula ixesha ungekho emsebenzini nexesha olidingayo ukuze uphinde uwuqale. Bhala phantsi uhlobo lokuphazanyiswa, ukuba umsebenzi wokuqala wawungagqitywanga kusini na, nokuba sesiphi isiphumo esibalulekileyo kuwe. Kungenjalo, ixesha elide elidlulileyo linokuthathwa ngempazamo njengokuchacha kwengqondo okude, nangona eminye imisebenzi ibigqityiwe. Mark et al., 2005 Leroy, 2009
Ungakuxelela ntoni umdlalo wokutshintsha imisebenzi?
Uvavanyo olulawulwayo lokutshintsha imisebenzi lunokubonisa iindleko zokutshintsha imithetho. Alunakuguqula umahluko omfutshane ofunyenwe kuvavanyo lwaselabhoratri ube yimizuzu yemveliso elahlekileyo emsebenzini. Uphando ngokuthembeka kweemvavanyo lukwalumkisa ngokuthatha umahluko wamanqaku wovavanyo olufutshane njengophawu olusisigxina lomntu ngamnye. Hedge et al., 2017
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimeko zokuphazanyiswa. Abuxhasi ukubeka ngokuzenzekelayo ilahleko yemizuzu eyi-23 kwisaziso ngasinye, kwincoko nganye okanye kwikhefu elicwangcisiweyo, nokuba umntu wenza ntoni emva koko. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi
Zama uvavanyo lokutshintsha imisebenzi ukuze ubone indlela ekutshintshwa ngayo phakathi kwemithetho. Lulinganisa indlela oqhuba ngayo kulo msebenzi wovavanyo, alulinganisi ukuba mingaphi imizuzu ophulukana nayo emva kokuphazanyiswa emsebenzini. Gcina loo mahluko engqondweni xa uthelekisa umdlalo nosuku lwakho.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba inani lemizuzu eyi-23 liyinyaniso esebenza kuzo zonke iimeko?
Hayi. Ukubuyela emsebenzini, ukuwuqala kwakhona nokuphinda ufumane umlinganiselo othile wendlela oqhuba ngayo ziziphumo ezahlukileyo. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Ngaba ukuzilungiselela ngaphambi kokuphazanyiswa kunokunceda?
Uphononongo olulawulwayo lwafumanisa ukuba abantu baqalisa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza emva kwesilumkiso semizuzwana esibhozo esasibavumela ukuba bazilungiselele. Ubungakanani boncedo kubomi bemihla ngemihla abuqinisekiswanga. Trafton et al., 2003
Ngaba iikhefu ezicwangcisiweyo ziyaluphazamisa ugqaliselo?
Ubungqina ngeekhefu ezimfutshane bubonisa iingenelo ezincinci ekunciphiseni ukudinwa nasekwandiseni amandla; iingenelo zizonke kwindlela umntu aqhuba ngayo aziqinisekanga kangako. Iikhefu ezicwangcisiweyo akufanele zithathwe njengokuphazanyiswa ngakunye. Albulescu et al., 2022
Imithombo
- Mark et al. (2005). Ngaba akukho msebenzi ushiywa ngasemva?.
- Trafton et al. (2003). Ukuzilungiselela ukuqalisa kwakhona umsebenzi ophazanyisiweyo: iziphumo zokubhala injongo eza kwenziwa nokuyiphinda engqondweni.
- Altmann et al. (2002). Inkumbulo yeenjongo: imodeli esekelwe ekuvuseleleni.
- Leroy (2009). Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukwenza umsebenzi wam? Umngeni wentsalela yengqwalasela xa kutshintshwa phakathi kwemisebenzi.
- Mark et al. (2008). Iindleko zomsebenzi ophazanyisiweyo: isantya esingakumbi noxinzelelo.
- Albulescu et al. (2022). "Ndinike ikhefu!" Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo nohlalutyo lwezifundo ngokusebenza kweekhefu ezimfutshane ekwandiseni impilo entle nendlela umntu aqhuba ngayo.
- Esterman et al. (2013). Ukugxila okanye ukuphazamiseka engqondweni? Ukulandelela ukuguquguquka kwendlela yokuziphatha nengqondo ngexesha lokunikela ingqalelo ixesha elide.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kutheni iimvavanyo zokuqonda ezizinzileyo zingavelisi umahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.