Ikizamini cyo kumva igihe

Ushobora kumva amasegonda 10 nta saha? Kanda Tangira, hanyuma ukande Hagarika igihe utekereza ko kirangiye. Bifata nk’umunota 1, ni ubuntu kandi ntibisaba kwiyandikisha.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya HelibrainByasuzumwe na Robert(Icyongereza), umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzimaByasohotse ku wa Byasuzumwe bwa nyuma ku wa

Uko wasoma ibyavuye mu kizamini

  • Ikosa risanzwe: urugero rw’aho wibeshye ugereranyije n’igihe cyagenwe, rugaragazwa nk’ijanisha. Guhagarika ku masegonda 9 igihe wari ugenewe amasegonda 10 ni ikosa rya 10%. Ikosa rito ni ryo ryiza.
  • Icyiciro wegereyeho cyane: icyiciro wahagazeho wegereye cyane igihe cyagenwe.
  • Isaha yo mu bwenge: ivuga ko “yihuta” niba washatse guhagarika mbere ugereranyije (igihe cyakubaye kirekire kurusha uko cyari kiri), ko “itinda” niba wahagaritse nyuma, cyangwa ko “iringaniye” niba amakosa yo guhagarika mbere n’ay’ayo guhagarika nyuma ahwanyije.
  • Ibyiciro: buri gihe cyagenwe n’igihe wahagaritseho, hamwe n’ikosa mu ijana (ikimenyetso cya minus = mbere, ikimenyetso cya plus = nyuma).

Ibyavuye mu kizamini bigereranywa gusa n’ibyakoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo kwinjiza amakuru: gukorakora kuri ecran, gukoresha imbeba cyangwa gukoresha mwandikisho.

Ubusanzwe abantu bumva igihe neza ku rugero rungana iki?

Iyo abantu batabaze, igihe bapima akenshi gihindagurika hafi ya 10 kugeza kuri 20% hagati yo kugerageza kumwe n’ukundi, kandi uko intera y’igihe iba ndende ni ko iryo tandukaniro ryiyongera [1]. Ku gihe kingana n’igice cy’umunota cyangwa kirenzeho, mu bushakashatsi buto bwo muri laboratwari, kugerageza kumwe akenshi byagaragazaga ikosa rya 20 kugeza kuri 30% [2]. Nta mpuzandengo nini yasohotse yerekana uko abantu bahagarika ku masegonda 10, bityo gereranya n’uko uzagerageza ubutaha.

Amakuru y’ingenzi

  • Isaha yo mu bwenge: uburyo busanzwe bwo gusobanura uko dupima igihe buvuga ko hari igikoresho gitanga utumenyetso tw’igihe n’ikindi kibarura utwo tumenyetso; utumenyetso twinshi dutuma wumva ko igihe ari kirekire [3][4].
  • Ikosa ryiyongera uko igihe kiba kirekire: kwibeshya amasegonda 1.5 ku gihe cy’amasegonda 15 ni hafi kungana no kwibeshya amasegonda 0.4 ku gihe cy’amasegonda 4. Ni yo mpamvu tugaragaza ikosa ryawe mu ijana [1].
  • Kubara bifasha iyo igihe kirengeje hafi isegonda: kubara bitangira gufasha igihe intera irenze hafi amasegonda 1.2 [5], kandi bituma gupima igihe kirekire bihamye kurushaho [2].
  • Iyo ubwenge buhuze uhagarika nyuma: mu bushakashatsi 117, abantu basabwe kugena igihe ubwenge bwabo buhuze bakoze igihe kirenze icyari kigenewe [6].
  • Imyaka: abantu bakuze bakunze kugena igihe kigufi kurushaho (bagahagarika mbere), kandi igihe bapima kirahindagurika kurushaho [7].

Uko ikizamini cyo kumva igihe gikora

  1. Reba igihe cyagenwe. Buri cyiciro kigaragaza igihe ugomba kugerageza kumva. Hari ibyiciro 4, kuva ku masegonda 4 kugeza ku masegonda 15.
  2. Kanda Tangira. Isaha itangira, ariko ntuyibona.
  3. Kanda Hagarika igihe utekereza ko igihe cyagenwe kirangiye. Kora kuri buto cyangwa ukande Space.
  4. Reba aho wahagarariye, ku murongo uri iruhande rw’igihe cyagenwe. Hanyuma hakurikiraho ikindi cyiciro.

Gerageza kutabarira mu mutwe: kubara bituma byoroha cyane [5]. Iyo mu cyiciro utakanze buto mu gihe kingana n’inshuro 3 z’igihe cyagenwe, bifatwa nk’aho wahagaritse utinze cyane. Mudasobwa yawe ni yo ipima igihe kuva ukande Tangira kugeza ukande Hagarika, bityo gutinda kw’igikoresho kuba kumwe ku ntangiriro no ku iherezo, maze ahanini bikivanaho.

Hagarika isaha ku masegonda 10: ni iki gihindura ibyavuye mu kizamini?

  • Kubara. Kubara uti “igihumbi kimwe, igihumbi bibiri” bituma gupima igihe kirekire bihamye kurushaho [2][8]. Iyo utabaze, wishingikiriza gusa ku kuntu wumva igihe.
  • Kwita ku gihe. Iyo uzi ko uri bube ubazwa igihe kandi ukagikurikiranira hafi, igihe cyumva kirekire [9]. N’inkono uyireba koko isa n’aho itinze kubira [10].
  • Ubwenge buhuze. Gutekereza ku kindi kintu bituma igihe gihita utabizi, bityo abantu bagahagarika isaha batinze [6].
  • Amarangamutima no gushishikara. Ibyishimo n’ubwoba bihindura uko igihe cyumva [11].
  • Ubushyuhe bw’umubiri. Mu bushakashatsi bwa kera, ubushyuhe bw’umubiri bwinshi bwatumaga igihe uko umuntu akibona gihita vuba [12].
  • Imyaka. Abantu bakuze bakunze guhagarika mbere, kandi uko bapima igihe birahindagurika kurushaho [7].

Icyo iki kizamini gishobora kukubwira n’icyo kitakubwira

Ikizamini cyo kumva igihe kigaragaza uko ushobora kumva amasegonda make muri aka kanya, mu mukino. Si ikizamini cy’ubuvuzi cyangwa ikizamini cyo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Nta cyo kivuga ku ndwara ya ADHD, indwara yo kwibagirwa (dementia) cyangwa ikindi kibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, nubwo hari abashakisha “ibizamini by’amasegonda 10” babitekerezaho. Niba uhangayikishijwe no kwibuka cyangwa kwita ku bintu, vugana na muganga.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Ushobora guhagarika isaha neza neza ku masegonda 10?

Guhagarika neza neza ku masegonda 10.00 nta saha bisaba amahirwe: n’abapima igihe neza bihindagurika hafi kimwe cya cumi cy’intera y’igihe hagati yo kugerageza kumwe n’ukundi [1]. Mu kizamini cya Helibrain cyo kumva igihe, kugera hafi y’igihe cyagenwe ku rugero rw’ijanisha rito ni byiza cyane. Kubara mu mutwe bituma byoroha [5].

Wabara ute amasegonda 10 neza?

Bara ku muvuduko udahinduka, urugero uti “igihumbi kimwe, igihumbi bibiri”, ubare rimwe buri segonda. Kubara bituma gupima igihe kirekire bihamye kurushaho [2][8]. Iyo abantu batabaze, bishingikiriza ku kuntu bumva igihe, kandi ibyo birahindagurika kurushaho. Ni yo mpamvu ikizamini cya Helibrain kigusaba kutabara.

Kuki uko ndushaho gusaza ari ko igihe numva gihita vuba?

Ubushakashatsi ku buryo abantu bapima igihe bwerekana ko abantu bakuze bakunze kugena ibihe bigufi kandi ibyo bapima bikarushaho guhindagurika [7]. Impamvu ubuzima busa n’aho bwihuta uko umuntu asaza ni ikibazo gitandukanye iki kizamini kigufi kidashobora gusubiza. Iki kizamini gipima uko ubona amasegonda make muri aka kanya.

Mu mitekerereze y’abantu, kumva igihe bisobanura iki?

Kumva igihe ni uburyo ubwonko bugereranya igihe ibintu bimara. Abashakashatsi babipima bakoresheje imirimo nk’uyu, aho abantu bagena igihe runaka, ndetse n’indi mirimo yo kugereranya cyangwa kongera gukora ibihe [4]. Kwita ku kintu, amarangamutima n’uko ubwenge buhuze byose bihindura uko igihe cyumva ari kirekire [6][9][11].

Iki ni ikizamini cya ADHD cyangwa indwara yo kwibagirwa (dementia)?

Oya. Ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo kumva igihe ni umukino kandi ntigishobora gusuzuma indwara iyo ari yo yose. Itandukaniro mu kuntu wumva igihe rishobora guterwa no kwita ku kintu, uko wiyumva, umunaniro cyangwa kubara. Niba uhangayikishijwe no kwita ku bintu cyangwa kwibuka, vugana na muganga.

Ese ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo kumva igihe ni ubuntu koko?

Yego. Ikizamini n’ibyavuye mu kizamini byose ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, nta kwishyura. Helibrain yinjiza amafaranga muri porogaramu yayo, ifite uburyo bw’ubuntu n’ubwishyurwa; ntukeneye iyo porogaramu kugira ngo ukore ikizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bifitanye isano

Reba ibizamini byose 43 by'ubwonko by'ubuntu

Wifuza kubyitoza buri munsi? Porogaramu ya Helibrain (ubu iraboneka mu Cyongereza gusa) ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izindi zishyurwa.

Inkomoko

  1. Wearden JH, Lejeune H (2008). Scalar properties in human timing: conformity and violations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61(4):569–587. doi.org/10.1080/17470210701282576
  2. Thönes S, Hecht H (2017). Counting does not improve the accuracy of long time productions. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79(8):2576–2589. doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1407-5
  3. Treisman M (1963). Temporal discrimination and the indifference interval: implications for a model of the "internal clock". Psychological Monographs 77(13):1–31. doi.org/10.1037/h0093864
  4. Grondin S (2010). Timing and time perception: a review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 72(3):561–582. doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.3.561
  5. Grondin S, Meilleur-Wells G, Lachance R (1999). When to start explicit counting in a time-intervals discrimination task: a critical point in the timing process of humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25(4):993–1004. doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.25.4.993
  6. Block RA, Hancock PA, Zakay D (2010). How cognitive load affects duration judgments: a meta-analytic review. Acta Psychologica 134(3):330–343. doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.03.006
  7. Block RA, Zakay D, Hancock PA (1998). Human aging and duration judgments: a meta-analytic review. Psychology and Aging 13(4):584–596. doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.13.4.584
  8. Hinton SC, Rao SM (2004). "One-thousand one… one-thousand two…": chronometric counting violates the scalar property in interval timing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 11(1):24–30. doi.org/10.3758/BF03206456
  9. Block RA, Zakay D (1997). Prospective and retrospective duration judgments: a meta-analytic review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4(2):184–197. doi.org/10.3758/BF03209393
  10. Cahoon D, Edmonds EM (1980). The watched pot still won't boil: expectancy as a variable in estimating the passage of time. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 16(2):115–116. doi.org/10.3758/BF03334455
  11. Droit-Volet S, Meck WH (2007). How emotions colour our perception of time. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11(12):504–513. doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.008
  12. Wearden JH, Penton-Voak IS (1995). Feeling the heat: body temperature and the rate of subjective time, revisited. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology B 48(2):129–141. PubMed 7597195: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7597195/

Uko twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'itsinda rya Helibrain rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, rusuzumwa na Robert(Icyongereza) (umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzima) ku wa 2026 Ugushyingo 4. Turuvugurura iyo amasoko y'amakuru ahindutse.