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Shushanya uruziga ruzengurutse neza: uburyo

Gushushanya uruziga n'intoki no kuruhuza n'uruziga hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'uduce tw'ikosa rito cyane (amanota y'ubuzenguruke)

Verisiyo ibara amanota: 1

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Ibyo gipima

Icyo gipima: umukino w'igenzura ry'ukuboko; uko uruziga rumwe rufunze rushushanyijwe n'intoki rukurikiza ishusho y'uruziga. Icyo kidapima: si ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi gipima guhinda umushyitsi cyangwa imikorere y'imikaya, kandi icyerekezo cyo gushushanya nta cyo kivuga ku buzima.

Uko gikorwa

Shushanya mu murongo umwe uzengurutse akadomo ko hagati ukoresheje urutoki, ikaramu cyangwa imbeba (buto y'ibumoso). Mu gihe ushushanya, umurongo uhindura ibara hakurikijwe intera buri kadomo kariho uvuye ku ruziga ruhuye neza n'umurongo kugeza icyo gihe, kandi amanota y'ubuzenguruke agaragara ako kanya. Iyo urekuye igikoresho, uruziga rwahuye n'umurongo rugaragazwa n'umurongo utudomo. Urubuga rwandika aho utudomo turi (CSS px, ubusobanuro bwa 0.1 px) n'ibihe byabwo muri ms, rugabanya umubare w'utudomo mu buryo bungana kugeza kuri 600 ntarengwa (utudomo twa mbere n'utwa nyuma turagumaho), rukohereza utwo tudomo hamwe n'ingano y'ahashushanyijwe.

Ibipimo fatizo

Igipimo fatizoAgaciro
Umubare muto w'utudomo24
Umubare munini w'utudomo woherezwa600 (wagabanyijwe mu buryo bungana)
Ingano ntoya ya radiyusi15% by'uruhande rugufi rw'ahashushanyijwe
Inguni yazengurutswe320°–430°
Umwanya usigara hagati y'impera≤ 0.35 × radiyusi hagati y'akadomo ka mbere n'aka nyuma
Igihe ntarengwa cyo gushushanya30 s
Amagambo agaragaza amanota≥ 98% ni byiza cyane, ≥ 95% ni byiza, ≥ 90% ni byiza mu rugero, bitagezeho umurongo uranyeganyega
Ibikoresho byo kwinjiza amakurugukoraho, ikaramu (ibikwa nk'ugukoraho), imbeba

Uko amanota abarwa

Hagati hagenwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Kåsa bwo guhuza uduce hatoranywa igiteranyo cy'uduce tw'ikosa rito cyane (kugabanya Σ(x² + y² + Dx + Ey + F)²). R = impuzandengo y'intera y'utudomo uvuye kuri icyo hagati. Gutandukana = impuzandengo ya |r_i − R| / R. Ubuzenguruke = 100 × (1 − gutandukana), ntiburenza munsi ya 0, bukagaragazwa mu ijanisha rifite umubare umwe nyuma y'akadomo; amanota menshi asobanura uruziga ruzengurutse kurushaho. Icyerekezo: kuzenguruka werekeza iburyo cyangwa ibumoso, gishingiye ku kimenyetso cy'igiteranyo cy'inguni. Hanatangwa: radiyusi muri px no ugereranyije n'ubunini bw'ahashushanyijwe, inguni yazengurutswe, igihe cyo gushushanya n'umubare w'utudomo. Amanota meza kurusha ayandi kuri buri bwoko bw'igikoresho abikwa muri mushakisha gusa; ugereranya ruguma muri ubwo bwoko bumwe bw'igikoresho.

Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe

Igishushanyo ntigihabwa amanota iyo gifite utudomo munsi ya 24 cyangwa nta ruziga rwahujwe n'umurongo ('ni kigufi cyane'), radiyusi iri munsi ya 15% by'uruhande rugufi ('ni gito cyane'), kizengurutse hejuru ya 430° ('inshuro ni nyinshi cyane'), kiri munsi ya 320° cyangwa umwanya usigara hagati y'impera urenze 0.35 R ('nticyafunzwe'), cyangwa cyatwaye hejuru ya 30 s ('cyatinze cyane'). Ibihe by'utudomo ntibigomba gusubira inyuma, kandi buri ruhande rw'ahashushanyijwe rugomba kuba hagati ya 50 na 10,000 px.

Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere

Nta buryo busanzwe bw'iki kizamini bukoreshwa muri laboratwari. Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere y'umubiri mu gushushanya (urugero, Lacquaniti et al., 1983) bwandika inzira hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byandika aho ikaramu iri, bugasesengura umuvuduko n'uko umurongo uhetamye; imirimo yo gushushanya ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, nk'umuzenguruko wa Archimedes, ikoresha amashusho n'amanota bitandukanye. Hano, umuzenguruko umwe uhabwa amanota ashingiye gusa ku ishusho yawo.

Imbogamizi

Utudomo twakira hakurikijwe umuvuduko igikoresho gishobora kudufatira, bityo ibice by'umurongo ushushanyijwe buhoro bigira utudomo twinshi mu mpuzandengo. Ukoresha umukino abona uko akora, bikamufasha gukosora umurongo agishushanya. Ingano ya ecran, igikumira urutoki ku byo ureba, no gukoresha imbeba aho gukoresha urutoki cyangwa ibinyuranye bihindura amanota. Kwimenyereza bizamura amanota. Iki si ikizamini cy'ubuvuzi.

Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe

Ibishushanyo ntibishingira ku rurimi; amabwiriza araboneka mu ndimi zose z'urubuga.

Uko amabwiriza yasuzumwe, hakurikijwe ururimi

Indimi z’amabwiriza zasohotse zanditswe hano hepfo. Uburyo bwo guhindura: ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, hakoreshejwe igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire. Ibyihariye kuri buri rurimi bisobanurwa haruguru; hano nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.

Ururimi rw’amabwirizaUko isuzuma ryanditswe
EnglishInyandiko y’umwimerere iri mu Cyongereza.
Afaan OromooIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
AfrikaansIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
AkanIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Avañe’ẽIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Aymar aruIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Azərbaycan diliIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Bahasa IndonesiaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Bahasa MelayuIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Bahsa AcèhIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
BamanankanIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Basa BaliIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Basa BanjarIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Basa JawaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Basa SundaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Basa UgiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Baso MinangkabauIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
BikolIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
BosanskiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
CatalàIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
CebuanoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ČeštinaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ChichewaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ChiShonaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
chiTumbukaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
DanskIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
DeutschIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
EestiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
EspañolIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
EʋegbeIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
FilipinoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
FrançaisIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
FulfuldeIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
GalegoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
GĩkũyũIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
HausaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
HiligaynonIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
HmoobIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
HrvatskiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
IgboIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
IkinyarwandaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
IkirundiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
IlokanoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
isiXhosaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
isiZuluIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ItalianoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
itsongaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
KapampanganIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
KiswahiliIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Kreyòl ayisyenIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
KurmancîIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
LatviešuIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
LietuviųIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
LingálaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
LombardIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
LugandaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
MadhurâIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
MagyarIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
MalagasyIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Mizo ṭawngIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
NaijáIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
NapulitanoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
NederlandsIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Norsk bokmålIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
OʻzbekchaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
PangasinanIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
PiemontèisIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
PolskiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
PortuguêsIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
RomânăIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Runa simiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SarduIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ScotsIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SepediIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SesothoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SetswanaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ShqipIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SicilianuIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
siSwatiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SlovenčinaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SlovenščinaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SoomaaliIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SrpskiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SuomiIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
SvenskaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Tâi-gíIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
TaqbaylitIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Tiếng ViệtIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Tok PisinIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
TshivenḓaIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
TürkçeIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
TürkmençeIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
VahcuenghIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
VènetoIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
WinarayIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
WolofIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
YorùbáIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ZazakîIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ΕλληνικάIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
БашҡортсаIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
БеларускаяIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
БългарскиIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
КыргызчаIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
Қазақ тіліIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
МакедонскиIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
МонголIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
НохчийнIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
РусскийIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ТатарчаIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ТоҷикӣIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
УкраїнськаIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ЧӑвашлаIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ქართულიIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ՀայերենIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
עבריתIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ئۇيغۇرچەIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
اردوIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
العربيةIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
پښتوIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
پنجابیIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
سنڌيIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
فارسیIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
کٲشُرIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
کوردیی ناوەندیIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
گیلکیIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
مازرونیIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ትግርኛIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
አማርኛIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
अवधीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
कोंकणीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
नेपालीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
बर’Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
भोजपुरीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
मराठीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
मैथिलीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
हिन्दीIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
অসমীয়াIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
বাংলাIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ਪੰਜਾਬੀIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ગુજરાતીIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ଓଡ଼ିଆIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
தமிழ்Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
తెలుగుIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ಕನ್ನಡIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ತುಳುIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
മലയാളംIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
සිංහලIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ไทยIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ລາວIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
བོད་ཡིགIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
မြန်မာIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
လိၵ်ႈတႆးIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ខ្មែរIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤIgenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
한국어Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
吴语Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
日本語Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
简体中文Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
粵語Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
繁體中文Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.

Uko wasubira ku nyandiko

Helibrain (2026). Draw a perfect circle, v1. https://helibrain.com/draw-a-perfect-circle/methods

Amateka y’impinduka

· Verisiyo 1 · Inyandiko ya mbere isobanura uburyo bw’igikorwa kiriho ubu cyasohotse.

Inyandiko zifashishijwe

  1. Kåsa, I. (1976). A circle fitting procedure and its error analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, IM-25(1), 8–14.

    https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.1976.6312298

    circle-fitting method used for scoring

  2. Lacquaniti, F., Terzuolo, C., & Viviani, P. (1983). The law relating the kinematic and figural aspects of drawing movements. Acta Psychologica, 54(1–3), 115–130.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(83)90027-6

    kinematics of drawing (two-thirds power law)

  3. Amenomori, Y., Kono, A., Fournier, J., & Winer, G. A. (1997). A cross-cultural developmental study of directional asymmetries in circle drawing. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28(6), 730–742.

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022197286005

    drawing direction and culture

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