Ikizamini cyo gutandukanya amabara

Ni ubururu cyangwa icyatsi? Menya aho ubururu butangirira kuri wowe, hanyuma utondekanye amabara ukurikije ibara ry’ibanze. Bifata nk’iminota 3 kandi ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya HelibrainByasuzumwe na Robert(Icyongereza), umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzimaByasohotse ku wa Byasuzumwe bwa nyuma ku wa

Uko wasoma ibisubizo byawe

  • Aho ubururu bwawe butangirira: ni ibara ry’ibanze aho ibisubizo byawe byahindutse bivuye kuri "icyatsi" bijya kuri "ubururu". Ibara ry’ibanze ni umwanya ibara rifite ku ruziga rw’amabara; dukoresha umwanya w’amabara wa OKLCH, aho intambwe zingana zigaragara nk’aho zitandukaniye hafi kimwe. Ku gipimo cyacu, icyatsi kiri hafi ya 140° naho ubururu bukaba hafi ya 250°.
  • Amabara atatu: iry’icyatsi kurusha gato aho urangiriza, iryo hagati, n’iry’ubururu kurushaho gato. Inshuti ishobora kwita iryo hagati izina ry’irindi bara.
  • Amanota y’amakosa: agaragaza uko amabara yo mu mirongo yawe yari kure y’urutonde nyarwo. Buri bara ripimirwa intera iri hagati yaryo n’amabara abiri arikikije, hakurwamo 2; bityo umurongo utondekanye neza ubona 0. Amanota make ni meza kurushaho.
  • Uruziga: rugaragaza amabara yose ari ku ruziga rw’amabara, buri rimwe rifite ibara ryaryo. Umurongo muremure ugaragaza ko iryo bara warivanze cyane n’irindi; "aho wavanze cyane" herekana agace gafite uruvange rwinshi kurusha utundi.

Nta gisubizo cyiza cyangwa kibi ku kuba warangije ku rugabano runaka. Amanota y’amakosa yo afite icyo agaragaza: 0 ni amanota yuzuye. Nta na kimwe muri ibi ari igisubizo cy’isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi.

Ubururu bwanjye ni bumwe n’ubwawe?

Abantu bashyira umurongo utandukanya icyatsi n’ubururu ahantu hatandukanye. Mu bushakashatsi ku mabara yihariye, abantu bahitamo icyatsi kibisi neza n’ubururu bubisi neza bitandukana cyane, ku buryo ubururu bw’umuntu umwe bushobora kuba icyatsi ku wundi [1]. Indimi na zo ziratandukanye: mu bushakashatsi bw’indimi 120, 68 zikoresha ijambo rimwe risobanura icyatsi n’ubururu [2]. Bityo, aho inshuti yawe irangiriza hashobora kuba hatandukanye n’aho uwawe urangirira.

Iby’ingenzi mu magambo make

  • Kudashobora gutandukanya amabara: hafi ya 8% by’abagabo na 0.4% by’abagore bakomoka i Burayi ntibashobora gutandukanya neza umutuku n’icyatsi; no mu bagabo bakomoka mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani ni 4 kugeza kuri 6.5% [3]. Uru rupapuro si ikizamini kibipima.
  • Amagambo n’amabara: Ikinyarusiya gifite amagambo abiri y’ibanze atandukanye asobanura ubururu bwerurutse n’ubururu bwijimye. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe butari bunini, abavuga Ikirusiya batandukanyije ubururu bubiri vuba kurushaho igihe buri ruhande rwabaga ruri ku ruhande rumwe rw’uwo murongo; abavuga Icyongereza bo ntibagaragaje iryo tandukaniro [4].
  • Ikizamini gisanzwe cyo gutondeka: ikizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue, gikoreshwa mu mavuriro, gifite uduce 85 tw’amabara mu dusanduku 4. Igice cya 2 cyacu cyahereye kuri icyo kizamini, ariko dukoresha amabara yacu bwite kandi dufite uduce duke.
  • Imyaka: kuri icyo kizamini cyo kwa muganga, gutondeka amabara bigenda neza kurusha ibindi hafi y’imyaka 19, hanyuma bikagenda bigabanuka buhoro uko imyaka yiyongera (abantu 382 bafite ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kubona amabara) [5].
  • Amabara ashobora kwitiranywa: mu bushakashatsi bwo kuri interineti bwakorewe abantu 1,401 ku ifoto yiswe "the dress", 57% bayibonye ari ubururu n’umukara naho 30% bayibona ari umweru n’izahabu [6]. Ubundi bushakashatsi bunini bwo kuri interineti bwabonye ko benshi bahisemo ibinyuranye [7], bityo abantu bagabanyutse hafi kimwe cya kabiri kuri buri ruhande.

Uko ikizamini cyo gutandukanya amabara gikora

  1. Ubururu cyangwa icyatsi? Habanza kugaragara ibara rimwe kuri fondi y’ikijuju itagira ibara rigaragaramo. Kanda Icyatsi cyangwa Ubururu, cyangwa ukande ← na →. Hitamo uko ubyumva bwa mbere.
  2. Kwegera aho urangiriza. Amatsinda abiri y’amabara agenda icyarimwe, rimwe ritangirira hafi y’icyatsi, irindi hafi y’ubururu; buri rimwe rifite amabara 12. Iyo usubije "icyatsi", urwo ruhererekane rugana ku bururu; iyo usubije "ubururu", rugana ku cyatsi. Intambwe zigenda ziba nto igihe cyose uhinduye igisubizo. Byombi bihurira hafi y’aho urangiriza.
  3. Gushyira amabara ku murongo. Hanyuma uhabwa imirongo 4 y’amabara 12. Buri murongo utangirira kandi ukarangirira ku mabara adahinduka; kurura amabara cyangwa ukande abiri kugira ngo uyahinduranye, kugeza umurongo ukomeza neza buhoro buhoro. Nta gihe ntarengwa.

Amabara yose 52 yo mu gice cya 2 azenguruka uruziga rw’amabara inshuro imwe, atandukanijwe n’impamyabumenyi hafi 6,9° ku ibara ry’ibanze, kandi afite urumuri n’ubwinshi bw’ibara bingana; bityo icyahinduka gusa ni ibara ry’ibanze. Aho urangiriza ni ingingo ya 50% ku murongo uhuye n’ibisubizo byawe. Amanota y’amakosa akurikiza uburyo bukoreshwa mu kizamini cya 100-hue.

Ni iki kigira ingaruka ku gisubizo cyawe?

  • Ecran yawe. Ecran zitandukana mu mabara, urumuri no mu miterere yazo. Uburyo bw’ijoro, muyunguruzi igabanya urumuri rw’ubururu, "true tone" n’ecran icanye buhoro byose bihindura amabara akegera umuhondo. N’uwakoze ikizamini cyo kwa muganga cya 100-hue avuga ko verisiyo yo kuri interineti idashobora gutanga igisubizo ntakuka, kuko ecran zitandukanye [8]. Gereranya ibisubizo ukoresheje ecran imwe.
  • Icyumba. Urumuri rwinshi cyangwa urufite ibara rukikije aho uri ruhindura uko ecran igaragara.
  • Ururimi rwawe. Amagambo ukoresha ku mabara agira ingaruka ku hantu ushyira umurongo. Indimi zifite amazina atandukanye y’ubururu bwerurutse n’ubwijimye, cyangwa zifata icyatsi n’ubururu nk’ibara rimwe, zishyira imirongo ahantu hatandukanye [2][4][9].
  • Imyaka n’umunaniro. Gutondeka amabara bigorana uko umuntu agenda akura [5], kandi amaso ananiwe atuma amabara yegeranye agorana gutandukanya.
  • Uko ubona amabara. Abantu batandukanya nabi umutuku n’icyatsi akenshi bagorwa cyane n’indi mirongo imwe n’imwe. Niba hari ibice by’ikizamini byakugoye cyane ku buryo bisa n’ibidashoboka, umuganga w’amaso ashobora kugupima neza uko ubona amabara.

Ibyo iki kizamini gishobora kukubwira n’ibyo kitakubwira

Ikizamini cyo gutandukanya amabara kigaragaza aho wowe ubwawe ushyira umurongo utandukanya icyatsi n’ubururu, n’ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutondeka amabara asa cyane kuri iyi ecran. Ni umukino ushingiye ku mirimo ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi. Si ikizamini cyo kumenya ubuhumyi bw’amabara, si isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi, kandi si ikizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell ubwacyo: amanota yacyo ntagereranywa n’ibipimo byo kwa muganga. Ntidufitanye isano na X-Rite cyangwa Munsell.

Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite ubuhumyi bw’amabara, umuganga w’amaso ashobora kugupima akoresheje udupapuro twabugenewe n’urumuri rugenzuwe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Ubururu bwanjye ni bumwe n’ubwawe?

Si buri gihe. Iyo abantu bahisemo icyatsi kibisi neza n’ubururu bubisi neza, amahitamo yabo atandukana cyane; ubururu bw’umuntu umwe bushobora kuba icyatsi ku wundi [1]. Ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo gutandukanya amabara kigaragaza umurongo wawe bwite hagati y’icyatsi n’ubururu, kugira ngo ubashe kuwugereranya n’uw’inshuti yawe mukoresheje ecran imwe.

Ibara rya turquoise ni ubururu cyangwa icyatsi?

Turquoise na teal biri neza neza hagati y’icyatsi n’ubururu, ni yo mpamvu abantu batabyumvikanaho. Kuba ubyita ubururu cyangwa icyatsi biterwa n’amaso yawe, ecran yawe n’ururimi rwawe: indimi 68 muri 120 zakozweho ubushakashatsi zikoresha ijambo rimwe risobanura icyatsi n’ubururu [2]. Ikizamini kigaragaza uruhande wegamyeho.

Iki ni ikizamini cyo kumenya ubuhumyi bw’amabara?

Oya. Ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo gutandukanya amabara ntikigenzura ubuhumyi bw’amabara kandi ntigishobora gusuzuma indwara iyo ari yo yose. Ibizamini by’ubuhumyi bw’amabara bikoresha udupapuro twabugenewe n’urumuri rugenzuwe. Hafi y’umugabo 1 kuri 12 ntashobora gutandukanya amabara neza [3][10]; niba utekereza ko nawe bishobora kukubaho, jya kwa muganga w’amaso.

Kuki igisubizo cyanjye gihinduka iyo nkoresheje indi ecran?

Ecran zerekana amabara mu buryo butandukanye, kandi imiterere nk’uburyo bw’ijoro, muyunguruzi igabanya urumuri rw’ubururu n’urwego rw’urumuri birushaho kuyahindura [8]. Aho urangiriza wapimwe kuri telefoni ifite uburyo bw’ijoro bushobora gutandukana n’aho urangiriza wapimwe kuri mudasobwa igendanwa. Kugira ngo ugereranye neza, koresha ecran imwe n’imiterere imwe buri gihe.

Iki ni ikizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue?

Oya. Igice cya 2 cyahereye ku kizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue kandi gikoresha uburyo bwacyo bwo gutanga amanota, ariko amabara yacu ni ayacu, ni make, kandi yerekanwa kuri ecran aho kuba uduce dufatika tugaragazwa munsi y’urumuri rusanzwe. Amanota yacu ntagereranywa n’ibipimo byo kwa muganga.

Ese koko ikizamini cya Helibrain cyo gutandukanya amabara ni ubuntu?

Yego. Ikizamini n’ibisubizo byawe byose ni ubuntu: nta kwiyandikisha, nta imeri, nta kwishyura. Helibrain yinjiza amafaranga muri porogaramu yayo, ifite gahunda y’ubuntu n’izishyurwa; ntukeneye iyo porogaramu kugira ngo ukore ikizamini.

Ibindi bizamini bifitanye isano

Reba ibizamini byose 43 by'ubwonko by'ubuntu

Wifuza kubyitoza buri munsi? Porogaramu ya Helibrain (ubu iraboneka mu Cyongereza gusa) ifite gahunda y'ubuntu n'izindi zishyurwa.

Aho twakuye amakuru

  1. Kuehni RG (2004). Variability in unique hue selection: a surprising phenomenon. Color Research & Application 29(2):158–162. doi.org/10.1002/col.10237
  2. Kay P, Maffi L (2013). Green and Blue. In: Dryer MS, Haspelmath M (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, chapter 134. wals.info/chapter/134
  3. Birch J (2012). Worldwide prevalence of red-green color deficiency. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 29(3):313–320. doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.29.000313
  4. Winawer J, Witthoft N, Frank MC, Wu L, Wade AR, Boroditsky L (2007). Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination. PNAS 104(19):7780–7785. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701644104
  5. Kinnear PR, Sahraie A (2002). New Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test norms of normal observers for each year of age 5–22 and for age decades 30–70. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(12):1408–1411. doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.12.1408
  6. Lafer-Sousa R, Hermann KL, Conway BR (2015). Striking individual differences in color perception uncovered by "the dress" photograph. Current Biology 25(13):R545–R546. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.053
  7. Wallisch P (2017). Illumination assumptions account for individual differences in the perceptual interpretation of a profoundly ambiguous stimulus in the color domain: "The dress". Journal of Vision 17(4):5. doi.org/10.1167/17.4.5
  8. X-Rite. Online color challenge and hue test (product information page; notes that monitor differences limit online versions). www.xrite.com/hue-test (checked 4 November 2026)
  9. Regier T, Kay P (2009). Language, thought, and color: Whorf was half right. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13(10):439–446. doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.07.001
  10. National Eye Institute. Color blindness. www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/eye-conditions-and-diseases/color-blindness (checked 4 November 2026)

Uko twateguye uru rupapuro: rwanditswe n'itsinda rya Helibrain rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, rusuzumwa na Robert(Icyongereza) (umukandida wa PhD mu bijyanye na fiziki y'ibinyabuzima) ku wa 2026 Ugushyingo 4. Turuvugurura iyo amasoko y'amakuru ahindutse.