Ikinyarwanda
Ikizamini cyo kureba amashusho mu bwenge: uburyo
Urutonde rw'ibibazo byo kwisuzuma ku busobanuke bw'amashusho yo mu bwenge (ibibazo by'umwimerere bifite uburyo bwo gutanga amanota busa n'ubwa VVIQ; si VVIQ)
Verisiyo ibara amanota: 1 (ibibazo verisiyo ya 1)
← Subira ku kizaminiIbyo gipima
Ubwo umuntu yihereyeho amanota ku busobanuke bw'amashusho ashobora kwiremera mu bwenge (amanota y'ingenzi), hiyongereyeho amanota ku kintu kimwe kuri buri bushobozi bwo kwiremera mu bwenge amajwi, impumuro, uburyohe no gukorakora. Igaragaza uko abantu bavuga ko babona amashusho mu bwenge; ntipima ubwo bushobozi mu buryo butaziguye.
Uko gikorwa
Ibibazo 14 by'umwimerere bikurikirana mu buryo budahinduka: amashusho 10 agaragara, hanyuma hakaza ikibazo kimwe kuri buri kimwe muri ibi: ijwi, impumuro, uburyohe no gukorakora. Amabwiriza: 'Funga amaso niba bigufasha. Gerageza kwibuka buri kintu, hanyuma uhitemo uko cyasobanutse.' Ikibazo kimwe kibazwa icyarimwe; ukanda igisubizo cyangwa ugakanda urufunguzo 1–5, igisubizo kikagaragazwa akanya gato, maze hagakurikiraho ikindi kibazo; 'Subira inyuma' cyangwa Backspace bigusubiza inyuma kugira ngo uhindure igisubizo. Nta gihe ntarengwa; igihe cyafashwe kugira ngo hatangwe buri gisubizo cya nyuma kibikwa gusa mu bimenyetso by'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge. Igipimo cy'ibisubizo: 1 'Nta na kimwe: nzi icyo ari cyo, ariko simbona, sinumva cyangwa sinacyumva ngikoraho', 2 'Gisa n'ikitagaragara neza', 3 'Gisobanutse mu rugero', 4 'Kirasobanutse kandi kirasa n'icy'ukuri', 5 'Kirasobanutse nk'ikintu nyakuri'.
Ibipimo fatizo
| Igipimo fatizo | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Ibibazo | 14 (10 bijyanye no kubona, 1 kuri buri kimwe: ijwi, impumuro, uburyohe, gukorakora) |
| Igipimo cy'ibisubizo | Amanota 5, 1 = nta na kimwe … 5 = gisobanutse nk'ikintu nyakuri |
| Uko ibibazo bikurikirana | ntibihinduka |
| Igihe ntarengwa | nta cyo |
| Urwego rw'ibisubizo 'bitagaragara neza' | impuzandengo y'amanota yo kubona ≤ 2.0 |
| Urwego rw'ibisubizo 'bisobanutse cyane' | impuzandengo y'amanota yo kubona ≥ 4.7 |
| Verisiyo y'ibibazo | 1 (kuri buri rurimi: 1-<language>-<translation version>) |
Uko amanota abarwa
Amanota yo kubona = impuzandengo y'ibibazo 10 byo kubona (1–5, agaragazwa hakoreshejwe umubare umwe nyuma y'akadomo); uko ari hejuru, ni ko amashusho aba asobanutse kurushaho. Ibindi byumviro bine bigaragazwa kimwekimwe n'impuzandengo yabyo. Icyiciro gisobanura: 'nta mashusho' iyo ibisubizo byose 10 byo kubona ari 1; 'bitagaragara neza' iyo impuzandengo y'amanota yo kubona ari 2.0 cyangwa munsi yayo; 'bisobanutse cyane' iyo ari 4.7 cyangwa hejuru yayo; ubundi bikitwa 'hagati'. Izi ntera ntarengwa zikomoka ku byiciro bisanzwe bya VVIQ (16 = nta na kimwe, 17–32 = bidakomeye, 75–80 = bisobanutse cyane; Dance et al. 2022; Wright et al. 2024) kandi zashyizwe ku mpuzandengo y'ibibazo, ariko ntizemejwe kuri ibi bibazo.
Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe
Buri kibazo kigomba gusubizwa rimwe gusa, hakoreshejwe verisiyo y'ibibazo urupapuro rwakiriye; bitabaye ibyo igerageza rirangwa nk'iritemewe. Ibimenyetso bibiri by'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bibikwa hamwe n'igerageza kandi ntibigaragazwa cyangwa ngo bikoreshwe mu kurihagarika: 'straight_lining' (ibisubizo 14 byose birasa) na 'too_fast' (nibura kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibisubizo byatanzwe mu gihe kiri munsi ya 700 ms nyuma y'uko ikibazo kigaragaye). Igerageza ryashyizweho ikimenyetso rishobora kutabarwa mu mpuzandengo rusange.
Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere
VVIQ (Marks, 1973) ifite ibibazo 16 byo kubona mu mashusho ane, kandi akenshi ikorwa amaso afunguye n'ahumirije. Iki kizamini gikoresha amashusho 10 mashya adafitanye isano n'ayo, icyiciro kimwe cyo gutanga amanota, amagambo yihariye ku bisubizo, n'ikibazo kimwe kuri buri kindi cyumviro (Psi-Q ntikoreshwa cyangwa ngo ihindurwe). Amanota akoresha igipimo cyayo bwite kandi ntashobora guhindurwa ngo abe amanota rusange ya VVIQ.
Imbogamizi
Gushingira gusa ku byo umuntu yivugira: abantu bashobora gusobanukirwa ibintu bitandukanye iyo bavuze ngo 'bisobanutse', kandi igisubizo giterwa n'uko buri muntu yumva igipimo. Nta genzura rifatika ry'ubushobozi bwo kubona amashusho mu bwenge ririmo (urugero, gutegura mbere binyuze mu guhangana kw'ibyo amaso yombi abona). Ibyiciro ntibifite intera ntarengwa yemejwe. Ibibazo byahinduwe ntibyemejwe cyangwa ngo bigire indangagaciro zisanzwe zo mu karere. Si isuzuma ry'indwara; aphantasia si indwara.
Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe
Ibibazo by'umwimerere biri mu Cyongereza; byahinduwe mu zindi ndimi 99 (ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, bugakurikizwa no kugenzura byikora inyandiko n'imyandikire). Indangamuntu z'ibibazo, uko bikurikirana n'uburebure bw'igipimo ntibihinduka mu ndimi; buri rurimi rugira verisiyo yarwo y'ibibazo kugira ngo ibisubizo byatanzwe ku magambo atandukanye bitavangwa.
Uko amabwiriza yasuzumwe, hakurikijwe ururimi
Indimi z’amabwiriza zasohotse zanditswe hano hepfo. Uburyo bwo guhindura: ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, hakoreshejwe igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire. Ibyihariye kuri buri rurimi bisobanurwa haruguru; hano nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
| Ururimi rw’amabwiriza | Uko isuzuma ryanditswe |
|---|---|
| English | Inyandiko y’umwimerere iri mu Cyongereza. |
| Afaan Oromoo | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Afrikaans | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Akan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Avañe’ẽ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Aymar aru | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahasa Melayu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahsa Acèh | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bamanankan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Bali | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Banjar | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Jawa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Sunda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Ugi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Baso Minangkabau | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bikol | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bosanski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Català | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Cebuano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Čeština | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Chichewa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ChiShona | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| chiTumbuka | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Dansk | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Deutsch | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Eesti | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Español | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Eʋegbe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Filipino | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Français | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Fulfulde | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Galego | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Gĩkũyũ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hausa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hiligaynon | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hmoob | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hrvatski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Igbo | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ikinyarwanda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ikirundi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ilokano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| isiXhosa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| isiZulu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Italiano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| itsonga | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kapampangan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kiswahili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kreyòl ayisyen | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kurmancî | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Latviešu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lietuvių | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lingála | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lombard | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Luganda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Madhurâ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Magyar | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Malagasy | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Mizo ṭawng | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Naijá | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Napulitano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Nederlands | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Norsk bokmål | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Pangasinan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Piemontèis | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Polski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Português | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Română | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Runa simi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sardu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Scots | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sepedi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sesotho | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Setswana | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Shqip | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sicilianu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| siSwati | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Slovenčina | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Slovenščina | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Soomaali | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Srpski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Suomi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Svenska | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tâi-gí | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Taqbaylit | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tiếng Việt | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tok Pisin | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tshivenḓa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkçe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkmençe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Vahcuengh | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Vèneto | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Winaray | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Wolof | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Yorùbá | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Zazakî | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ελληνικά | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Башҡортса | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Беларуская | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Български | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Кыргызча | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Қазақ тілі | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Македонски | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Монгол | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Нохчийн | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Русский | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Татарча | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Українська | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Чӑвашла | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ქართული | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Հայերեն | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| עברית | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| اردو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| العربية | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| پښتو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| پنجابی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| سنڌي | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| فارسی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| کٲشُر | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| گیلکی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| مازرونی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ትግርኛ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| አማርኛ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| अवधी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| कोंकणी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| नेपाली | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| बर’ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| भोजपुरी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| मराठी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| मैथिली | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| हिन्दी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| অসমীয়া | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| বাংলা | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ગુજરાતી | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| தமிழ் | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| తెలుగు | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ತುಳು | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| മലയാളം | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| සිංහල | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ไทย | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ລາວ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| བོད་ཡིག | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| မြန်မာ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| လိၵ်ႈတႆး | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ខ្មែរ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 한국어 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 吴语 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 日本語 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 简体中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 粵語 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 繁體中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
Uko wasubira ku nyandiko
Helibrain (2026). Aphantasia test, v1. https://helibrain.com/aphantasia-test/methods
Amateka y’impinduka
· Verisiyo 1 · Inyandiko ya mbere isobanura uburyo bw’igikorwa kiriho ubu cyasohotse.
Inyandiko zifashishijwe
Galton, F. (1880). Statistics of mental imagery. Mind, os-V(19), 301–318.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-V.19.301first questionnaire on imagery vividness
Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64(1), 17–24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.xthe VVIQ, the standard research questionnaire
Zeman, A., Dewar, M., & Della Sala, S. (2015). Lives without imagery – Congenital aphantasia. Cortex, 73, 378–380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.019the term aphantasia
Dance, C. J., Ipser, A., & Simner, J. (2022). The prevalence of aphantasia (imagery weakness) in the general population. Consciousness and Cognition, 97, 103243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2021.103243VVIQ groupings and prevalence used for the bands
Inyandiko isobanura uburyo: CC BY 4.0. Vuga ko ari iya Helibrain kandi ushyiremo umurongo uhuza n’ubu buryo. Amasoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho by’igikorwa bigumana impushya zabyo; iyi mpushya ireba gusa inyandiko isobanura uburyo.
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