Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umsebenzi | Uthelekiso olufunekayo | Intsingiselo ethe ngqo yenqaku eliphezulu |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Into yangoku ithelekiswa naleyo yangaphambili | Ukuqhuba kakuhle phantsi kwalo mgaqo |
| 2-back | Into yangoku ithelekiswa naleyo ibikwindawo ezimbini ngaphambili | Ukuhlaziya nokuthelekisa kakuhle kulo msebenzi |
| 3-back | Into yangoku ithelekiswa naleyo ibikwindawo ezintathu ngaphambili | Ukuqhuba kakuhle xa umsantsa mkhulu, phantsi kwexesha elichaziweyo |
Eli nani libonisa umsantsa phakathi kwezinto ezilandelelanayo. Alibonisi nje inani lilonke lezinto umntu anokuzigcina engqondweni, kuba umsebenzi ukwafuna ukubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, ukuhlaziya nokuphendula. Uphononongo luka-Owen noogxa bakhe lokufanekisa ingqondo lubandakanya iinguqulelo ezininzi ezahluka ngohlobo lwesivuseleli, indawo yaso, nangokuba sinomxholo wamazwi okanye ongekho ngowamazwi. Owen et al., 2005
Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wenkumbulo esebenzayo
Iingcamango zenkumbulo esebenzayo zimalunga nokugcina ulwazi lufumaneka ngoxa ulusebenzisa okanye uluhlaziya. Indlela ye-n-back ivuselela inxalenye yale nkqubo ibanzi. Eli gama alithethi ukuba yonke imisebenzi yenkumbulo esebenzayo ilinganisa kanye isakhono esinye okanye isebenzisa umxube ofanayo wokugcina ulwazi nokulawula. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Ngokomzekelo, imisebenzi yolandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo idibanisa ukukhumbula ulwazi nenye into efuna ukucutshungulwa, kwaye idla ngokucela ukuba ukhumbule. Uphononongo lwendlela yokwenza olu vavanyo luchaza ukuba ulwakhiwo lwayo lwahlukile kolo lokuqonda okuqhubekayo kwe-n-back. Ukusebenzisa igama elifanayo akunakuthatha indawo yobungqina obubonisa indlela amanqaku anxulumana ngayo. Conway et al., 2005
Ngaba i-n-back ingathatha indawo yovavanyo lolandelelwano?
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi lukaRedick noLindsey lufumene unxulumano olubuthathaka phakathi kwe-n-back nemisebenzi yolandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo, yaye iziphumo zahluka phakathi kwezifundo. Isigqibo salo sesokuba la manani awanakusetyenziswa endaweni yelinye. Ngoko ke, inqaku eliphantsi kolunye novavanyo oluphezulu kolunye alithethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba kukho ukungangqinelani okanye ukuba esinye isiphumo asiyonyani. Redick et al., 2013
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ukuchaneka akuxhomekekanga kumsantsa kuphela
Ixesha isivuseleli esiboniswa ngalo, umda wexesha lokuphendula, ukubakho rhoqo kweethagethi nendlela ezibalwa ngayo iziphumo zobuxoki kuyabutshintsha ubunzima. Soloko wohlula phakathi kokubona izinto ezifanayo nokucinezela iqhosha rhoqo. Inqaku lifuna umgaqo walo wokubala kokubini ukubona ngokuchanekileyo neempendulo ezingachanekanga, kunokuba lixhomekeke kwinqanaba elinye le-n. Ukwahluka kweendlela ezisetyenziswa kuphando lwe-n-back sesinye sezizathu zokuba amanqanaba aphuma kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo angathathwa njengemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo esebenza kumntu wonke. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ukuthelekisa ngokobudala nesini nako kufuna inkqubo efanayo nesampulu efanelekileyo. Olu phononongo aluboneleli ngenqanaba elilungileyo elinye elisebenza kuyo yonke iminyaka kumdlalo we-intanethi ozilungelelanisayo. Ukunika elo nani kungathetha ukubonisa ukuchaneka okungaxhaswa bubungqina. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Ukuphucuka ngokuziqhelanisa kubonisa ntoni?
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo zoqeqesho lwe-n-back lwahlula ukudluliselwa kwezakhono kwimisebenzi enxulumene noko kwiziphumo ezikude kakhulu. Uphononongo olubanzi loqeqesho lwenkumbulo esebenzayo alufumani bungqina buqinisekisayo benzuzo ngokubanzi yokudluliselwa kwiziphumo ezikude xa kusetyenziswa uthelekiso olufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuphucuka kwi-n-back bubungqina bokufunda isakhono esivavanyiweyo, hayi ubungqina bokwanda kobukrelekrele ngokubanzi. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Ukuthembeka komlinganiselo kuyimfuneko eyahlukileyo. Umsebenzi unokuvuselela inkqubo enentsingiselo uze ubonise isiphumo esithembekileyo kwiqela, kodwa ungakwazi ukunika uluhlu oluzinzileyo nolwaneleyo lwabantu ngabanye. Iziphumo ezimalunga nokuphikisana kokuthembeka zilumkisa ngokuthatha inqaku lomdlalo omfutshane njengophawu lomntu olungatshintshiyo. Hedge et al., 2017
Ukuze uzijonge, sebenzisa inguqulelo, ixesha nendlela yokubala efanayo, uze ulandele iimpazamo kunye neempendulo ezichanekileyo. Ukuba utshintsha iintlobo zezivuseleli okanye usebenzisa inguqulelo ezilungelelanisayo, qaphela ukuba utshintshe indlela yokulinganisa. Inkcazelo ecacileyo yomsebenzi inolwazi olungaphezulu kunebango lokuba inani elinye limele yonke inkumbulo esebenzayo. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwe-N-back
Zama uvavanyo lwe-n-back ukuze ubone indlela yokuhlaziya nokuthelekisa izinto xa kubekwe umsantsa othile. Funda imiyalelo yendlela yokubala amanqaku, uze uthelekise kuphela imizamo elinganayo. Isiphumo linqaku lakho kulo msebenzi, asikokuxilongwa kwe-IQ okanye umlinganiselo wenkumbulo osebenza kumntu wonke.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba u-3-back uthetha ukuba ndinokukhumbula izinto ezintathu kuphela?
Hayi. Inani libonisa umsantsa wothelekiso, ngoxa ukubeka esweni nokuhlaziya nako kunegalelo kwindlela oqhuba ngayo. Owen et al., 2005
Ngaba i-n-back iyafana novavanyo lwenkumbulo yamanani?
Hayi. Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi lufumanisa ukuba imisebenzi yolandelelwano neye-n-back ayinakusetyenziswa endaweni yelinye njengemilinganiselo yenkumbulo esebenzayo. Redick et al., 2013
Ngaba ukuphucuka kwam kungqina ukuba i-IQ yam inyukile?
Izifundo zoqeqesho azikungqinanga oko. Ukufunda umsebenzi othile nokudluliselwa okubanzi kwezakhono kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Owen et al. (2005). Indlela ye-n-back yokusebenza kwenkumbulo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo eziqhelekileyo zokufanekisa ukusebenza kwengqondo.
- Redick et al. (2013). Imilinganiselo yolandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo neye-n-back yenkumbulo esebenzayo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi.
- Cowan (2001). Inani lomlingo u-4 kwinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane: Ukuqwalaselwa ngokutsha komthamo wokugcina engqondweni.
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo esebenzayo: Iingcamango, imifuziselo neempikiswano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenzi yokulinganisa umthamo wenkumbulo esebenzayo: Uphononongo lwendlela yokwenza nesikhokelo kubasebenzisi.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Ukuqwalaselwa ngokutsha koqeqesho lwenkumbulo esebenzayo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo zoqeqesho lwe-n-back kumanqanaba amaninzi.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Uqeqesho lwenkumbulo esebenzayo aluphuculi iziphumo kwimilinganiselo yobukrelekrele okanye kwezinye iziphumo zokudluliselwa okukude.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ukuphikisana kokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekileyo ingabonisi umahluko ozinzileyo phakathi kwabantu.