Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umbuzo | Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo | Into ongayingqinisiyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukuva isandi esithambileyo? | Ubuntununtunu bokuva obulinganiswe phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo | Ukukwazi ukwahlula kakuhle ukuphakama kwezandi zomculo kukodwa |
| Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukwahlula izandi ezibini ezinokuphakama okwahlukileyo? | Umsebenzi wokwahlula amaza okanye iingoma | Uvavanyo lokuva olulinganiswe ngokusesikweni |
| Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukuphinda isingqi? | Ukuqonda isingqi nokulawula iintshukumo | Umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokuva okanye wokuphakama kwezandi |
Ingxelo yokuqala yomntu ozelwe ene-amusia yabonisa ukuba wayenobunzima bokwahlula umahluko omncinane ekuphakameni kwezandi, nangona iziphumo zovavanyo lokuva oluqhelekileyo zazilungile. Obu bubungqina obuthe ngqo bokuba ezi ngcamango zimbini azisoloko zihamba kunye. Yimeko enye; ayibonisi ukuba wonke umntu onobunzima emculweni uva ngokuqhelekileyo okanye unobangela ofanayo. Peretz et al., 2002
Uphononongo olukhulu lwamaqela abantu nophando lokuxhaphaka kwale meko lusebenzisa iindlela ezibanzi zokuvavanya. Aluchongi ukungeva kakuhle ngokusekelwe kumanqaku ovavanyo lomculo. Ngokunjalo, umdlalo womculo awufanele uqinisekise umntu ukuba ukuva kwakhe kuqhelekile ngenxa nje yokuba uqhube kakuhle kuloo mdlalo. Ayotte et al., 2002 Peretz et al., 2017
Ubonisa ntoni umzekelo wesemitoni?
Ubalo luthi 440 liphindaphindwe ngo-2 ophakanyiswe kwisiqingatha seshumi elinesibini; ukwanda komlinganiselo kumalunga ne-5.95%. Lubonisa isithuba somculo. Alungomlinganiselo opapashiweyo womndilili womda wokwahlula izandi, kwaye aluchazi ukuba isandi kufuneka sibe namandla angakanani ukuze umntu eve enye yezi towuni. Iimvavanyo zomculo zahlula iintlobo eziliqela zemisebenzi yokuvavanya ukuphakama kwesandi nengoma. Peretz et al., 2003
Ngaba ukuchonga isandi esiphakamileyo kulinganisa bonke ubuchule bomculo?
Hayi. Ukwakheka kwengoma, inkumbulo, ukuqonda isingqi nokulawula iintshukumo kunegalelo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi. Inkqubo yaseMontreal ichaza isizathu sokuba ukuhlelwa kufune inkqubo yokuhlola ebanzi kunesiphumo esinye sodwa. Vuvan et al., 2017
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ukuphakama kwesandi, isingqi nokucula makujongwe ngokwahlukeneyo
Umntu unokuba nobunzima bokulungelelanisa intshukumo nesingqi ngaphandle kokuba abe nendlela efanayo yokucubungula ukuphakama kwesandi. Imeko yomntu ongakwaziyo ukulandela isingqi kunye nophononongo lwesingqi zibonisa lo mahluko. Ngokunjalo, ukucula inowuthi kubandakanya umsebenzi wokuvelisa isandi ngeentshukumo; akufani nokugweba ukuba sesiphi kwizandi ezibini esiphakamileyo. Phillips-Silver et al., 2011 Repp et al., 2013
Kutheni umdlalo we-intanethi unemida
Imiyalelo, indlela isandi esidluliselwa ngayo, ingqalelo kunye nendlela ezithelekiswa ngayo izandi ezithile zonke zichaphazela oko kuthethwa ngamanqaku. Iprotokholi yophando ifuna uhlolo olungaphaya kovavanyo oluncinane lwe-intanethi. Umdlalo awuboneleli ngemida yokungeva elinganisiweyo, nokuba izandi zawo zichazwe ngeefrikhwensi ezichanileyo. Vuvan et al., 2017 Peretz et al., 2003
Ubungqina bokuthembeka kwamanqaku omntu ngamnye nabo buyafuneka. Umsebenzi omfutshane unokuba luncedo ekuboniseni inkqubo ethile kodwa ungabi luncedo kangako ekuhleleni umntu ngendlela ethembekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iziphumo ezinxulumene nendida yokuthembeka zisisilumkiso ngokubanzi malunga nolo tshintsho; azithethi ukuba zonke iimvavanyo zomculo azithembekanga. Hedge et al., 2017
Yintoni onokuyenza ngokwahlula ezi zinto?
Chaza ubunzima ngokuthe ngqo: ukuva isandi esithambileyo, ukwahlula utshintsho lokuphakama kwesandi, ukukhumbula ingoma okanye ukubetha isingqi zizinto ezahlukeneyo onokuzibona. Isiphumo somdlalo sinokunceda ekubuzeni umbuzo, kodwa asinakuchonga unobangela wezonyango. Ukuba uxhalabile ngendlela ova ngayo, amanqaku omdlalo wokuphakama kwesandi ayingomlinganiselo onokuphendula loo mbuzo. Peretz et al., 2002 Vuvan et al., 2017
Ubungqina obucatshuliweyo abuxhasi ukuxilonga umntu ngokusekelwe kumzekelo wesemitoni, kwinani lokuxhaphaka kwale meko okanye kumanqaku aphantsi omdlalo we-intanethi. Bunceda ekugcineni izakhono zokuva nezomculo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile ngokwengqiqo nangendlela ezilinganiswa ngayo. Peretz et al., 2017 Peretz et al., 2003
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lokuva nokwahlula izandi zomculo
Zama uvavanyo lokuva nokwahlula izandi zomculo ukuze uvavanye ukuphakama kwesandi nesingqi, umamele ngesandi esingakukhathaziyo uze ulandele imiyalelo. Isiphumo salo asithathi indawo yovavanyo lokuva olulinganisiweyo, kwaye asifanele sisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhupha ukungeva kakuhle.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba umntu angava kakuhle kodwa abe nokungakwazi ukuqonda umculo okuzelwe nako?
Ewe. Imeko yokuqala ibonisa ukuba ubunzima bokwahlula ukuphakama kwezandi zomculo bunokubakho nangona uvavanyo lokuva lubonisa ukuva okuqhelekileyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba bonke abantu abanobunzima bomculo banale ndlela inye. Peretz et al., 2002
Ngaba isemitoni enye ngumda wokuxilonga?
Hayi. Umzekelo wamanani uchaza isithuba sokulungisa izandi, awungomda ovunyiweyo wokwahlula abantu ngokweendidi. Peretz et al., 2003
Ngaba amanqaku aphezulu kumculo angqina ukuba ukuva kuqhelekile?
Hayi. Ukuqhuba kakuhle kumsebenzi womculo akuboneleli ngemida elinganisiweyo yendlela umntu ava ngayo. Vuvan et al., 2017
Imithombo
- Peretz et al. (2017). Ukuxhaphaka kokungakwazi ukuqonda umculo okuzelwe nako.
- Vuvan et al. (2017). IProtokholi yaseMontreal yokuchonga ukungakwazi ukuqonda umculo.
- Peretz et al. (2002). Ukungakwazi ukuqonda umculo okuzelwe nako.
- Peretz et al. (2003). Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka komculo.
- Ayotte et al. (2002). Ukungakwazi ukuqonda umculo okuzelwe nako.
- Phillips-Silver et al. (2011). Ukuzalelwa ukudanisa kodwa ungakwazi ukulandela isingqi: uhlobo olutsha lokungakwazi ukuqonda umculo okuzelwe nako.
- Repp et al. (2013). Ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo nesingqi: uphononongo lophando lwakutshanje (2006–2012).
- Hedge et al. (2017). Idinda yokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekileyo ingavelisi mahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.